麦胚提取物对辐射损伤修复的实验研究

目的 研究麦胚提取物对小鼠辐射损伤修复的调节和保护作用。方法 采用辐射前或辐射同时饲喂一定量的麦胚提取物，观察小鼠经X射线一次性全身照射后的临床症状、30d存活率、骨髓微核率、外周血白细胞总数在不同时间的变化。结果 与对照组(单纯照射)比较，饲喂麦胚提取物可使小鼠的头面部皮肤、小肠黏膜、肾脏损伤症状得到明显改善；30d存活率为86．17％(P＜0．01)，提高存活率41．79％，保护系数为1．72；骨髓微核率4．62‰；比对照组(12．14‰)降低(P＜0．01)；外周血白细胞总数在7，13，20，30d均显回升(P＜0.05，P＜0．01，P＜0．01，P＜0．01)。结论 麦胚提取物对小鼠辐射损伤修复有一定程度的调节和保护作用，对于辅助肿瘤放射治疗具有重要意义。     

Compartment syndrome. Exclusively the result of increased pressure in the muscular compartment?

Summary The compartment syndrome (cs) is characterized by an increased tissue pressure in a limited space. Pathophysiologically, it is a multifactorial disease that is potentially induced by an initial trauma and develops according to the existence of cofactors. Cofactors are, for instance, the circulation of the patient and the initial treatment of the impending cs. In particular, the microcirculation is altered with endothelial destruction, development of a capillary leak, protein loss from intravasal space and the development of an interstitial and intracellular third space. An impaired drainage of the lymphatic and venous system causes a venous infarction. An arterial infarction results if the tissue pressure exceeds the arteriolar pressure. An accompanying ischemia reperfusion mechanism increases the trauma load. In disadvantageous cases, the patients are in danger of developing a multi-organ deficiency syndrome (MODS) by an uncontrolled inflammatory reaction, by intravasal volume loss and by a myonephropathic systemic reaction. Clinically, the patients suffer a disproportionate amount of pain, followed by neurological signs. Especially in noncompliant patients, tissue pressure measurement is useful. Resuscitation of the circulation as well as splitting of casts is important. In case of a manifest cs, dermatofasciotomy has to be performed as an emergency operation. Even if cs is diagnosed early and fasciotomy is carried out early, the development of sequellae cannot be avoided in every single case.      

Normal morphology of sacroiliac joints in children: magnetic resonance studies related to age and sex

Objective. To determine in a prospective study the normal MRI morphology of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) in relation to age and sex during adolescence. Design and patients. A total of 98 children (63 boys, mean age 12.7±2.8 years; 35 girls, mean age 13.7±2.3 years), ranging in age from 8 to 17 years, with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) but without signs of sacroiliitis fulfilled the study prerequisites (no back pain and no pathologic changes of the SIJs on physical examination before MRI in a 1.5-year follow-up). An additional eight HLA-B27-negative boys and eight HLA-B27-negative girls without arthritis served as controls. The MRI protocol comprised a T1-weighted SE sequence, an opposed-phase T2*-weighted GE sequence, and a dynamic contrast-enhanced study in single-section technique. Results. Noncontrast MRI permitted differentiation of “open” from ossified segmental and lateral apophyses of the sacral wings, with a significant difference in age (P <0.05) between children with open and ossified apophyses. Ossification of the apophyses of the sacral wings was seen significantly earlier (P <0.05) in girls than in boys. Girls also had a significantly higher incidence of transitional lumbosacral vertebrae, pelvic asymmetries, and accessory joints. In the contrast-enhanced opposed-phase MRI study, normal cartilage of the SIJs showed no contrast enhancement whereas the joint capsule showed a moderate enhancement. Conclusion. There are significant age- and sex-related differences in the normal MRI morphology of juvenile SIJs. Our findings might serve as a standard of comparison for the evaluation of pathologic changes – in particular for the early identification of juvenile sacroiliitis.     

Na~（3＋）─YAG激光治疗耳鼻咽喉常见疾病286例

笔者用Ｎａ３＋－ＹＡＧ激光治疗耳鼻咽喉常见疾病２８６例，疗效满意。激光手术较常规手术操作简便，术中出血少，反应轻，并发症少，病人痛苦少，值得推广。     

腹泻灵外敷治疗急性肠炎的临床观察和实验研究

以丁香、肉桂、细辛等组成的腹泻灵外敷脐部(神阙穴)治疗急性肠炎106例,痊愈率为91.5%。并随机设立痢特灵、庆大霉素、山莨菪碱西药对照组100例,痊愈率为88%。两组相比,腹泻灵组对各项观察指标的改善情况均明显优于西药组(p<0.01)。动物实验证明,腹泻灵内用无急性毒性反应及过敏反应,长期外用无蓄积性毒性作用,对球结膜与完好皮肤及破损皮肤均无刺激作用。     

Memory function in normal aging

Basic findings obtained on memory functions in normal aging are presented and discussed with respect to five separate but interacting memory systems. These systems are: episodic memory, semantic memory, short-term memory, perceptual representation system and procedural memory. All available evidence from cross-sectional research shows that there is a linear, decreasing memory performance as a function of age for episodic memory. Longitudinal studies suggest, however, that this age deficit may be an overestimation, by showing a relatively stable performance level up to middle age, followed by a sharp decline. Studies on semantic memory, short-term memory, perceptual representation system, and procedural memory show a relatively constant performance level across the adult life span, although some tasks used to assess short-term memory and procedural memory have revealed an age deficit. Disregarding the mixed results for these latter two memory systems, it can be concluded that episodic memory is unique in showing an age deficit. Episodic memory is also unique in the sense that it is the only memory system showing gender differences in performance throughout the adult life span with a significantly higher performance for women.     

Lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder

Based upon detailed dissections of the lymphatic system in adult cadavers, the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder was divided into three pathways: (1) The cholecystoretropancreatic pathway, which had two routes, one running spirally from the anterior surface of the common bile duct to the right rear, and the other running almost straight down from the posterior surface of the common bile duct. These routes converged at the principal retroportal node at the posterior surface of the head of the pancreas. (2) The cholecysto-celiac pathway; this was the route running to the left through the hepatoduodenal ligament to reach the celiac nodes. (3) The cholecysto-mesenteric pathway; this was the route running to the left in front of the portal vein to connect with the nodes at the superior mesenteric root. The cholecysto-retropancreatic pathway can be regarded as the main pathway, and the principal retroportal node appeared to be critical as the main terminal node in the visceral lymphatic system of the gallbladder. These three pathways converged with the abdomino-aortic lymph nodes near the left renal vein, and the nodes in the interaortico-caval space were considered to be of particular importance. Offprint requests to: M. Ito     

人工晶体植入术后复视

目的:本文报道7例人工晶体植入术后复视病例,并初步探讨其原因及预防。方法:随访60例单侧白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术连续病例。复视病例,检查复视类型、眼位、眼球活动度、屈光状态、瞳孔及眼底,并散瞳检查人工晶体位置。结果:本文报告白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术后复视发生率为11.67％。术前存在斜视,双眼融合功能障碍,局麻药物对眼外肌的毒性作用,人工晶体中心偏移,黄斑部病变及晶体后囊不均匀混浊等与术后复视有关。结论:复视是白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术后一个重要的并发症。其治疗往往较困难,根据复视的可能原因,采取预防措施对减少术后复视有帮助。眼科学报1997;13:210—212。     

白芍水煎剂对老龄小鼠抗衰老作用的实验研究

中药白芍水煎剂给予老龄小鼠灌胃(10g/kg),每日一次,连用4周。采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、DTNB和TBA比色法测定红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和红细胞中及血浆中MDA含量。结果表明,白芍水煎剂能显著增强老龄小鼠红细胞SOD活性、全血GSH-Px的活力,而且可显著降低红细胞和血浆中MDA含量,故具有延缓衰老作用。