微血管密度和血管内皮生长因子在胃肠道平滑肌肿瘤中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的探讨微血管密度(MVD)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达与胃肠道平滑肌肿瘤(GISMT)的性质、恶性程度、转移及预后的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测86例GISMT中MVD及VEGF的表达情况。结果MVD、VEGF的表达按平滑肌瘤、低度恶性平滑肌肉瘤、高度恶性平滑肌肉瘤的顺序依次明显增高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。同时,MVD、VEGF的表达与肿瘤良、恶性的生长方式、肿瘤大小、肿瘤中心有无坏死亦有明显关系(P<0.01或P<0.05)。MVD低表达组的5年生存率明显高于高表达组(P<0.01)。而VEGF高表达组的5年生存率则明显低于低表达组(P<0.01)。此外,VEGF阳性表达组的MVD明显高于VEGF阴性表达组的MVD(P<0.01)。结论MVD、VEGF是反映GISMT生物学特性的良好标志物,联合测定可以互补作为判断GISMT性质、恶性程度、转移及预后的客观指标。     

首次手术失败的胸腰椎陈旧性骨折再手术分析

目的：探讨首次手术失败的胸腰椎陈旧性骨折再手术的意义。方法：9例首次手术失败的胸腰椎陈旧性骨折经原内固定拆除，前路减压、撑开复位、取髂骨植骨、“Z”形钢板内固定治疗。并对其结果进行临床和影像学检查评价。结果：本组病例均随访，植骨于术后3－4个月骨性融合。恢复之椎间高度不发生再丢失，胸腰椎生理弧度良好，无继发性后凸畸形发生。无钢板、螺钉折断、松动及滑脱等并发症。所有病例至少有Frankel1级以上的功能恢复。结论：前路减压与脊柱重建是治疗首次手术失败的胸腰椎陈旧性骨折的理想方法。     

经皮深筋膜切开减压治疗早期骨筋膜室综合征

目的：探讨治疗早期骨筋膜室综合征的方法和疗效。方法：在测压机监测下经皮切开深筋膜减压。结果：28例中25例减压效果良好，3例术后骨筋膜室压力逐渐增高而改用传统的广泛切开减压术治疗。结论：该方法操作简单，使用安全，是治疗早期骨筋膜综合征较好的手术方法。     

微创减压治疗腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症

目的　探讨影像学侧隐窝狭窄与临床手术减压的关系。方法　对 2 0例影像学CT显示侧隐窝≤ 3mm ,下肢放射性痛 ,跛行距离≤ 2 0 0m ,站立≤ 15min ,无腰痛的患者进行微创手术减压。结果　随访 6个月～ 5年 ,优 15例 ,良 3例 ,尚可 1例 ,差 1例 ,优良率 90 %。结论　影像学侧隐窝狭窄与临侧窝狭窄症表现不完全一致。以临床症状、体征定位为主 ,结合影像学诊断是确定微创手术区域的关键。     

The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic renal failure is increased and associated with impaired psychological general well-being.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition occurs frequently in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms may lead to reduced food intake, resulting in malnutrition and impaired well-being in these patients. The prevalence of GI symptoms in various chronic renal failure (CRF) groups is unexplored. We assessed the prevalence of GI complaints in patients on either haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), or in the pre-dialysis stage. Patients with and without diabetic nephropathy were also compared. METHODS: A total of 233 patients with CRF (128 HD, 55 PD, and 50 pre-dialytic patients) completed two self-administered questionnaires: the Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) index and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), which measures GI symptoms. The values were compared with reference values obtained from the general population. The association between GI symptoms and serum (s-)albumin was also studied. RESULTS: The total GSRS score in patients with CRF was significantly higher than the reference values (HD 2.14 (1.97-2.31), PD 2.24 (2.00-2.48), and pre-dialytic patients 2.03 (1.82-2.25) vs controls 1.53 (1.50-1.55; P<0.001). When comparing CRF subgroups there was no overall difference between the groups, but PD patients had more severe reflux and eating dysfunction. In patients with diabetic nephropathy, only eating dysfunction was significantly more common than in the non-diabetic patients. There was a negative correlation between GI symptoms and psychological general well-being in CRF patients (Rho=-0.46, P<0.001) indicating that patients with a high GI symptom profile have impaired psychological general well-being. A negative correlation was found between eating dysfunction and s-albumin (Rho=-0.33, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of GI symptoms is high in patients with CRF and is associated with impairment in psychological general well-being. Presence of dialysis or not, type of dialysis, and presence or absence of diabetes mellitus seem to have limited impact on GI symptoms.     

胃肠道间质瘤36例临床分析

目的总结胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的临床特点、诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析36例胃肠道间质瘤患者的临床和病理资料。结果36例GIST患者均行手术治疗,其中良性20例,交界性10例,恶性6例。30例患者获随访2~3年,其中2例死于肿瘤复发转移,1例术后28个月复发再行手术治疗。结论GIST术前诊断较困难,确诊依赖于病理学检查。手术是主要治疗方法,分子靶向治疗具有辅助意义。     

胃肠道腺癌并发阻塞性肺疾病的围手术期处理60例分析

目的探讨防治胃肠道恶性肿瘤合并阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者术后并发症的有效方法。方法回顾性分析60例胃肠道恶性肿瘤合并COPD患者的围手术期处理措施及其效果。结果术后11例患者出现并发症(18.3%),其中肺炎5例(8.3%),肺不张1例(1.7%),切口感染2例(3.3%),吻合口漏1例(1.7%),泌尿系感染1例(1.7%),肠梗阻1例(1.7%)。除1例肺炎发展为MODS死亡外,其余经非手术治疗后痊愈。结论围手术期采取综合措施可有效降低胃肠道恶性肿瘤合并COPD患者术后并发症的发生。     

双镜联合技术在胃间质瘤切除术中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜与胃镜双镜联合手术治疗胃间质瘤的可行性和安全性。方法对2003年12月至2009年12月间采用腹腔镜与胃镜双镜联合行胃间质瘤切除手术的23例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中18例行经胃镜定位腹腔镜胃腔外胃部分切除术、1例行经胃镜定位腹腔镜胃腔内胃部分切除术、4例行胃镜下肿瘤切除联合腹腔镜胃壁修补缝合术。结果 23例手术均获成功,无中转开腹,无手术死亡和并发症。手术时间30～95min,平均(66.5±20.1)min,术中出血量1~20ml,平均(12.0±17.1)m1,术后平均住院日(4.9±1.8)d。术后病理结果示:极低度风险15例、低度风险8例。随访3～75个月,无肿瘤复发和远处转移。结论腹腔镜和胃镜双镜联合手术治疗胃间质瘤是安全可行的,近期疗效令人满意,远期结果有待进一步观察。     

胃肠道间质瘤中伊马替尼耐药的信号转导机制

目的 评价胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）中不同信号通路的特征,并初步探讨与伊马替尼耐药可能相关的信号通路.方法 选取2003年11月至2008年8月间复旦大学附属肿瘤医院收治的5例GIST患者8份手术新鲜标本,检测其KIT和PDGFRa基因突变情况,并采用Western blot法检测Ras/Raf/MAPK和PI3/AKT两种信号通路中的相关蛋白（KIT、P-KIT、MAPK、P-MAPK、p-AKT、p-MTOR、PCNA、BCL2）的表达.结果 伊马替尼治疗有效的3例患者均存在1次突变,其中2例为KIT基因第11外显子缺失突变,另1例为KIT基因第13外显子点突变;1例伊马替尼原发耐药患者无KIT基因突变,1例继发耐药患者存在KIT基因2次突变;所有标本均未见PDGFRa基因突变.伊马替尼耐药的肿瘤标本磷酸化（p）-KIT和p-AKT表达水平强于伊马替尼敏感的肿瘤标本;KIT、MAPK、p-MAPK及p-MTOR在GIST标本中均有较强的表达,其表达强度在伊马替尼耐药标本与敏感标本间并无明显区别;而PCNA和BCL2则在不同治疗时间及不同部位的标本中表达有所差异.结论 Ras/Raf/MAPK和PI3-K/AKT/MTOR两条信号通路在GIST形成过程中起着非常重要的作用：KIT基因2次突变及PI3-K/AKT/MTOR信号通路可能与伊马替尼继发耐药的形成密切相关.     

Laparoscopic Resection of a Small Bowel Lipoma with Incidental Intussusception

Background:

Small bowel tumors are rare entities that often present with nonspecific symptoms. The diagnosis is more likely in patients with occult gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin or in adults with small bowel intussusception. Even with exhaustive diagnostic testing, small bowel tumors are often not diagnosed preoperatively. Because 60% to 70% of small bowel tumors are malignant, surgical excision is always recommended.

Methods:

We report the case of a 73-year-old man with occult gastrointestinal bleeding. A small bowel tumor was discovered only after video capsule endoscopy, computed tomography, and multiple endoscopies were performed.

Results:

The patient underwent laparoscopic exploration. An incidental intussusception made the tumor simple to identify. By extending the umbilical port, the tumor was easily removed. The final pathology demonstrated a submucosal lipoma.

Conclusions:

Small bowel lipomas can cause intussusception and gastrointestinal bleeding. When diagnosed preoperatively, laparoscopic resection is feasible.