术中面神经监测的动物实验与临床研究

目的：探讨术中面神经监测的参数与面神经减压术后面瘫的预后之间的关系。方法：对15只健康新西兰家兔30侧面神经及21例周围性面瘫患者进行术中面神经监测，术后随访6个月以上，使用χ^2检验评估术中监测的情况与减压术后面瘫的预后之间的关系。结果：15只家兔30侧面神经监测中不同个体的面神经阈值几乎均为0．05mA，在面神经的水平段、垂直段、颞骨外段其阈值也几乎均为0．05mA。21例面瘫患者，术中肌电图(EMG)引出者14例，其中13例减压术后面瘫的预后好，1例测舌差；EMG未引出者7例，其中1例减压术后面瘫的预后好，6例预后差。结论：术中面肌EMG的阈值能够较客观、稳定地评估面神经的功能。术中面肌EMG能否引出可以辅助预测面神经减压术后面瘫的预后情况，EMG能引出者预后好，反之则差。     

非甾体类消炎药致上消化道出血的临床表现与内镜特征

目的　探讨非甾体类消炎药物导致上消化道出血的临床与内镜特征。方法　回顾性分析 5 6例非甾体类消炎药物导致上消化道出血病人的临床资料。结果　服用非甾体类消炎药物后 5 d内出血 38例 (6 8% ) ,表现为上腹痛 39例 (6 9% ) ,呕血伴黑便 34例 (6 1% ) ,单纯黑便 2 2例 (39% ) ,内镜下表现为弥漫性胃黏膜充血、水肿及多发糜烂 38例 (6 8% ) ,胃溃疡 14例 (2 5 % )。结论　非甾体类消炎药物致上消化道出血的主要临床表现为腹痛、呕血伴黑便或单纯黑便。内镜下为弥漫性胃黏膜充血、水肿 ,多发性糜烂和溃疡。     

新生儿胃肌电变化的研究

目的 观察新生儿胃肌电发育过程，并初步探讨其变化规律。方法 对23例健康新生儿生后1周、2周及1月进行胃肌电描记。采用皮肤表面电极，从腹壁体表用PCPOLYGRAP-HR多功能胃肠检测仪记录胃电，观察主频率(DF)、主频率不稳定系数(DFIC)、正常胃慢波百分比(PNSW)。结果 餐前、餐后正常呈随周龄增大而增加的趋势，餐后PNSW明显高于餐前。DF和DFIC各阶段无明显差异，但自身比较，餐后DF高于餐前，餐后DFIC低于餐前。结论 研究显示出新生儿胃电肌运动的发育过程。     

Signal transduction in the gastrointestinal smooth muscle

平滑肌是胃肠运动的基础,其收缩和舒张涉及电-机械偶联和药物-机械偶联。其中有钙离子和其他信号分子的参与。本文通过电生理特性,钙和钙动员,收缩装置和途径,信号转导途径和交叉对话来总结信号转导在胃肠平滑肌中的作用。     

保留终板前路减压Syn Cage植骨融合治疗脊髓型颈椎病的短期疗效

目的探讨保留终板椎间盘切除减压Syn Cage植骨融合治疗脊髓型颈椎病（CSM）的短期疗效及融合节段高度的维持. 方法对25例脊髓型颈椎病施行保留终板的颈椎间盘切除Syn Cage植骨融合术,术后根据JOA评分及X线表现探讨病例的改善率、植骨融合率及融合节段高度的丢失情况. 结果平均随访15个月,术前及随访JOA评分比较,二者间存在显著性差异（P＜0.01）,平均改善率为71%,优16例,良6例,可3例,优良率88%.无脊髓损伤等严重并发症.植骨融合率为100%,平均融合时间为术后3.1个月,均未发现融合节段前方塌陷.将术后1周、3个月、6个月及1年融合节段平均高度与同体邻近节段平均高度比较,两者无明显差异（P＞0.05）. 结论保留终板椎间盘切除减压Syn Cage植骨融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病短期疗效好,能较好地保持融合节段高度,并能获得满意的融合率.     

椎弓根内固定在下腰椎失稳伴椎管狭窄手术中的应用

目的：探讨下腰椎失稳伴椎管狭窄的手术要点及椎弓根内固定在手术中的作用和意义。方法：总结2001年5月～2004年6月采用后路椎管减压、椎弓根内固定及椎间关节融合、横突间植骨治疗的32例下腰椎失稳伴椎管狭窄病例的临床资料。结果：32例随访6个月-40个月，平均19．5个月，术后跛行改善者32例（100％），下肢肌力障碍恢复22例（68．7％），肌萎缩14例均有所恢复；28例感觉障碍者，完全恢复18例（64．3％），部分恢复6例（21．4％）。无明显恢复2例（7．1％）。结论：下腰椎失稳伴椎管狭窄可分别表现为结构性和动力性腰椎滑脱，椎弓根内固定对病人可起到使滑脱椎体复位、相邻椎体间稳定及椎间融合的作用，并可使摘除椎间盘后的相关间隙高度得到维持。充分解除神经受压症状。     

胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血患者临床诊断价值

目的：探讨胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血的诊断价值。方法：应用M2A胶囊内镜检查系统对90例经胃镜、肠镜检查阴性的消化道出血患者进行检查。结果：90例不明原因消化道出血患者共进行92次胶囊内镜检查，检查成功率为94．57％（87／92），其中急性大量出血组检查成功率为84．0％（21／25），慢性显性出血组检查成功率为98．51％（66／67），两者经χ^2检验有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。在检查成功的患者中，胶囊内镜的病变检出率为85．06％，假阴性率17．24％。急性大量出血组病变检出率80．95%，假阴性率23．81％；慢性显性出血组病变检出率86．36%，假阴性率15．15％，经χ^2检验均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血有较高的检出率，可以作为小肠出血的首选检查方法。     

左半结肠癌急性梗阻一期切除吻合的安全保证——彻底快速而无污染的肠减压术(英文)

目的研究一种彻底快速而毫不污染手术野的术中肠减压方法,以便提高手术的安全性。方法游离系膜后,钳夹下将拟切除肠段的下端先切断,将其近侧断端置入并固定于粘附在手术床边的塑料袋中;松开肠钳,肠内容物自由流入袋内;双手交替推挤膨胀的肠段,由近而远,由小肠向大肠,直至大、小肠的内容物彻底排空。钳夹下切断上端,移除切下的肠段和充满粪便的塑料袋。结果使用本法行肠减压术,一期切除急性梗阻的左结肠癌31例,均未发生吻合口漏,创口一期愈合。另有6例肝段切除同时切除未作肠道准备的结肠癌亦取得同样结果。同法亦用于各种急性小肠梗阻,均未造成腹腔污染。结论本法可推荐为术中肠减压的首选方法。     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery for a large gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach

We report two cases of large gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach that were successfully treated by hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS). Two patients, a 56-year-old woman and a 60-year-old man, were admitted to our department for the treatment of a large submucosal tumor of the stomach. After gastrointestinal endoscopy, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, we suspected that the masses, measuring 7.0 cm and 8.0 cm in diameter, respectively, were GISTs in the stomach. However, preoperatively, we could not rule out the possibility of malignant neoplasms, because they had been bleeding or gradually growing. Hand-assisted laparoscopic wedge resection was safely performed for the diagnosis and treatment of the submucosal tumor of the stomach. The immunohistochemical diagnosis in both patients was GIST of the stomach with intermediate-grade malignancy. HALS may be a good indication for large GISTs of the stomach that are difficult to diagnose preoperatively, whether they are malignant or benign, because it is safe and minimally invasive, promoting rapid recovery.     

Embolization for gastrointestinal hemorrhages

Retrospective evaluation of interventional embolization therapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage over a long-term observation period from 1989 to 1997. Included in the study were 35 patients (age range 18–89 years) with gastrointestinal bleeding (GI) referred for radiological intervention either primarily or following unsuccessful endoscopy or surgery. Sources of GI bleeding included gastric and duodenal ulcers (n = 7), diverticula (n = 3), erosion of the intestinal wall secondary to malignancy (n = 6), vascular malformations (n = 4), and hemorrhoids (n = 2), as well as from postoperative (n = 6), posttraumatic (n = 2), postinflammatory (n = 4) or unknown (n = 1) causes. Ethibloc (12 cases) or metal coils (14 cases) were predominantly used as embolisates. In addition, combinations of tissue adhesive and gelfoam particles and of coils and Ethibloc were used (six cases). Finally, polyvinyl alcohol particles, a coated stent, and an arterial wire dissection were utilized in one case each. Bleeding was stopped completely in 29 of 35 cases (83 %). In one case (3 %) the source of bleeding was recognized but the corresponding vessel could not be catheterized. In five other cases (14 %) there was partial success with reduced, though still persistent, bleeding. The rate of complications was 14 %, including four instances of intestinal ischemia with fatal outcome in the first years, and, later, one partial infarction of the spleen without serious consequences. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage can be controlled in a high percentage of patients, including the seriously ill and those who had previously undergone surgery, with the use of minimally invasive interventional techniques. The availability of minicoils instead of fluid embolization agents has reduced the risk of serious complications. Received: 21 June 1999; Revised: 24 August 1999; Accepted: 28 September 1999