Fine structure of sensory ganglia during experimental scurvy

Summary The cells of the dorsal root ganglia of scorbutic guinea pigs were characterized by a number of changes. In the animals that were sacrificed at 22–27 days following the ascorbic acid deficient diet, the sensory ganglion cells showed a complete breakdown of Nissl substance, a loss of neurofilaments and neurotubules, and swollen mitochondria. There was an increase in agranular and coated vesicles, alteration in dense bodies, some cytoplasmic sequestration. The periphery of some cells appeared profusely vacuolar. Cellular debris surrounding these cells was probably due to degenerating satellite cells. Severe cellular damage was noted in existing satellite cells. No collagen fibrils were seen in the endoneural spaces.It is suggested that the cellular changes indicate a breakdown in the protein synthesizing mechanism of the cell.Supported in part by Grant 8217 from the Veterans Administration and United States Public Health Service Research Grant MH-19168.     

大鼠出生后发育中螺旋神经节神经元凋亡的观察

目的：研究大鼠出生后发育时螺旋神经节（spiral ganglion,SG）神经元凋亡和分化的关系。方法：应用透射电镜观察1、3、5、7、10、14和30天龄大鼠螺旋神经节神经元超微结构的变化及细胞凋亡现象。结果：大鼠出生后5和7天，在透射电镜下观察到SG神经元凋亡，其典型的超微结构改变为染色质凝聚和着边形成的新月样结构、凋亡小体和细胞皱缩；随后的发育阶段细胞凋亡现象消失；最早可识别的富含神经丝的Ⅱ型神经元（neuron2,N2）出现在出生后7天，新出现的N2有明显的细胞皱缩现象；在随后发育的各阶段，SG中I型神经元（neuron1,N1）和N2的结构特征更明显，逐渐发育成熟。结论：神经元凋亡是大鼠螺旋神经节出现后发育过程中的一个重要事件，发生在N2分化过程中，可能与SG中N2发育有关。     

Size classes of ganglion cells in the central yellow field of the pigeon retina

Summary Ganglion cells in the central yellow field of the pigeon retina were identified by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase from the optic tectum. The soma size range was from 5 to 16 m, with the mean at 7.7 m. At least 85% of the cells in the ganglion cell layer are true orthotopic ganglion cells, tightly packed in a non-random array.     

COLONIC NEURONAL DYSPLASIA

ABSTRACT. A child with colonic neuronal dysplasia is reported in whom the whole length of the colon was involved. Multiple colonoscopic mucosal biopsies with acetylcholines-terase staining provided a useful means of assessing the extent of the lesion. Colectomy has, so far, been resisted in view of the relatively mild symptoms in a child who is otherwise thriving. The neonatal necrotising enterocolitis in this case is probably related pathogenetically to that sometimes seen in Hirschsprung's disease. Greater awareness of this condition and the more frequent use of acetylcholinesterase staining of rectal biopsy tissue will probably uncover more cases.     

P物质在成年猫脊髓和背根节的分布

目的 观察P物质在成年猫脊髓和背根节的表达情况。方法 成年健康雄猫5只，取L5脊髓节和随机取一侧L6背根节制作厚20μm冰冻切片，用免疫组织化学ABC法染色，观察SP在正常脊髓和背根节的分布。结果 在脊髓，SP阳性膨体主要见于后角Ⅰ、Ⅱ板层，后角Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ板层及侧角的一些神经元呈弱阳性反应，前角运动神经元胞体和突起呈阳性反应，胞核不着色。在背根节，SP的免疫阳性物主要分布于小细胞的胞浆内，胞核不着色。结论 SP在成年猫脊髓和背根节有表达。     

Corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat retina

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactive neurons have been identified in the rat retina by immunohistochemical methods using antisera directed against ovine and rat CRF. CRF-like immunoreactivity was observed in both amacrine and ganglion cells which projected fine varicose processes to the inner plexiform layer of the retina. It is suggested that CRF may play a role in retinal function.     

A rare case of posterior interosseous nerve palsy due to ganglion cyst arising from supinator muscle

Here we present a rare case of ganglion cyst of the elbow joint arising from supinator muscle causing posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) palsy in a 40-year-old female who presented with weakness in finger extension and carrying out routine activities with right hand since 2 weeks. Patient had pain over the right forearm radiating to the right hand since 3 months. She also noted a swelling in the right forearm, which was gradually increasing in size since last 1 month. Atraumatic PIN compression is uncommon and is usually caused by compression of PIN in the arcade of Frohse, by radial recurrent artery, and fibrous band around the radiocapitellar joint. Reports of PIN palsy caused by ganglionic cyst in the elbow joint are rare and case reports regarding the same are sparingly reported. Here we report a case of PIN palsy secondary to ganglion cyst arising from supinator muscle, which recovered completely after excision of the ganglion cyst.     

Clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency combined with ganglion impar block for treatment of perineal pain

BACKGROUNDGanglion impar block alone or pulsed radiofrequency alone are effective options for treating perineal pain. However, ganglion impar block combined with pulsed radiofrequency (GIB-PRF) for treating perineal pain is rare and the puncture is usually performed with X-ray or computed tomography guidance.AIMTo evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of real-time ultrasound-guided GIB-PRF in treating perineal pain.METHODSThirty patients with perineal pain were included and were treated by GIB-PRF guided by real-time ultrasound imaging between January 2015 and December 2016. Complications were recorded to observe the safety of the ultrasound-guided GIB-PRF procedure, and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 24 h before and after treatment and 1, 3, and 6 mo later were analyzed to evaluate clinical efficacy.RESULTSUltrasound-guided GIB-PRF was performed successfully in all patients, and no complications occurred. Compared with pretreatment scores, the VAS scores were significantly lower (P < 0.05) at the four time points after treatment. The VAS scores at 1 and 3 mo were slightly lower than those at 24 h (P > 0.05) and were significantly lower at 6 mo after treatment (P < 0.05). There was a tendency toward lower VAS scores at 6 mo after treatment compared with those at 1 and 3 mo (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONUltrasound-guided GIB-PRF was a safe and effective way to treat perineal pain. The 6-mo short-term clinical efficacy was favorable, but the long-term outcomes need future study.     

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in a Patient with Optic Atrophy After Non-arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy

A 75-year-old female noticed a lower visual field (VF) defect in the right eye. A diagnosis of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) was made. The lower VF defect in the right eye did not change after onset. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiograms on the disc and the macula showed decreased retinal perfusion in the upper retina of the right eye. Retinal nerve fibre layer loss and ganglion cell complex loss in the upper retina were also seen in the right eye. OCT angiography could non-invasively detect the decrease of the retinal perfusion due to NAION.