Macular Perfusion Changes and Ganglion Cell Complex Loss in Patients with Silicone Oil-related Visual Loss

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate macular perfusion changes and ganglion cell complex(GCC) loss in patients with unexplained visual loss following vitrectomy and silicone oil(SO)tamponade, and to evaluate the correlation between retinal blood flow and GCC loss using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Methods This retrospective study included seven eyes(seven patients) with unexpected visual loss after vitrectomy and SO tamponade. OCTA was used to evaluate the alterations in retinal vessel density(VD) in the superficial capillary plexus(SCP), deep capillary plexus(DCP), and radial peripapillary capillary plexus(RPCP). OCT was used to measure the thickness of GCC and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL).Medical records of patients were reviewed.Results Quantitative analysis of OCTA images revealed a significant reduction in SCP VD in the affected eyes compared with the controls(all sections P 0.05). No difference was found in GCC thickness, but FLV(focal loss volume) and GLV(global loss volume) were significantly higher in the affected eyes(both P 0.001). SCP VD was inversely correlated with FLV and GLV.Conclusions Silicone oil-related severe visual loss was associated with superficial retinal microvasculature damage and ganglion cell apoptosis.     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT表现及其血液动力学特征

目的探讨肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT表现及血液动力学特征。方法选择2014年3月-2 017年1月以肾上腺节细胞神经瘤患者25例作为对象,设为观察组。所有患者均经过手术病理组织检查最终确诊,手术前均经Light Speed VCT64层螺旋CT检查扫描仪检查,层厚0.625mm、螺距0.984mm,所有患者行CT平扫后随后30s、70s及3min动态增强扫描,分析肾上腺细胞神经瘤的CT表现;选择同期入院健康体检者50例,设为对照组。采用日本生产HSTECNM KN型血清自动分析仪测定两组肾上腺节神经瘤血液动力学水平,采用SPSS Pear son相关性分析软件对肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT检出率与血液动力学进行相关性分析。结果 25例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤患者均经过手术病理检查确诊,CT检查确诊24例,确诊率为96.00%(P>0.05);CT下12例表现为肾上腺区椭圆形,7例分叶状,6例不规则状,边界相对清楚,肿块直径大小为(2.4~9.3) cm。增强CT下10例呈轻度强化,其中延迟性强化4例,静脉期均匀或不均匀强化5例,1例不规则状肿瘤生长,向周围间隙延伸;观察组CVP、SVR水平,均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组CO、CI水平,均低于对照组(P <0.05);两组MAP水平差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);SPSS Pearson相关性分析结果表明:CT在肾上腺节细胞神经瘤检出率与CVP和SVR水平呈正相关性(P<0.05);CT在肾上腺节细胞神经瘤检出率与CO与CI水平呈负相关性(P<0.05)。结论将CT用于肾上腺节细胞神经瘤患者中能获得较高检出率,具有一定的特征性,且与血液动力学具有明显的相关性,能为临床诊疗提供影像学依据和参考。     

Arthroscopic findings in patients with painful wrist ganglia

The aetiology of painful dorsal wrist ganglia remains obscure. In a prospective study we investigated the link between a painful dorsal wrist ganglion and wrist joint abnormality with wrist arthroscopy before excision of the ganglion. Of 16 wrists arthroscoped 12 were abnormal, 10 had an abnormal scapholunate joint, and two had abnormal lunatetriquetral joints. We think that painful dorsal wrist ganglia, like popliteal cysts in the knee, are markers of underlying joint abnormalities. Surgeons who treat painful ganglia should be aware of a possible underlying cause so that they can target treatment more accurately, particularly in recurrent cases and those patients with persistent wrist pain after excision of the ganglion.     

RTP801 immunoreactivity in retinal ganglion cells and its down-regulation in cultured cells protect them from light and cobalt chloride

RTP801, a stress-related protein, is activated by adverse environmental conditions and inhibits the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in promoting oxidative stress-dependent cell death. RTP801 exists both in the mammalian retina and the lens of the eye. Here, we observed RTP801 immunoreactivity in some retinal ganglion cells. Intravitreal injection of cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) to mimick hypoxia influenced retinal GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, but did not affect RTP801 immunoreactivity or mRNA content relative to GAPDH. However, RTP801 mRNA was elevated when compared with Brn3a mRNA, suggesting that RTP801 is activated in stressed Brn3a retinal ganglion cells. In cultures of RGC-5 cells, RTP801 immunoreactivity was located in the cytoplasm and partly present in the mitochondria. An insult of blue light or CoCl₂ increased RTP801 expression, which was accompanied by cell death. However, in cultures where RTP801 mRNA was down-regulated, the negative influence of blue light and CoCl₂ was blunted. Rapamycin nullified the CoCl₂-induced up-regulation of RTP801 and attenuated cell death. Moreover, rapamycin was non-toxic to RGC-5 cells, even at a high concentration (10 μM). The protective effect of rapamycin on RGC-5 cells caused by the inhibition of RTP801 suggests that rapamycin might attenuate retinal ganglion cell death in situ, as in glaucoma.     

膝关节交叉韧带囊肿的关节镜治疗

目的 探讨关节镜手术治疗膝关节交叉韧带囊肿的疗效.方法 2010年9月~2012年9月关节镜下治疗膝关节交叉韧带囊肿14例,采用常规前内、前外入路,或合并后外侧入路关节镜下切除交叉韧带囊肿,切取的囊壁组织送病检.结果 14例随访4~28个月,平均12.6月,术前关节活动度4°~105°,术后增加至0°~130°.术后膝关节Lysholm评分（92.1±6.9）分,较术前（61.9±20.1）分明显提高（t=5.981,P=0.000）.结论 关节镜下治疗膝关节交叉韧带囊肿效果确切.     

Differentiation of ulnar neuropathy at the wrist due to ganglion cyst from ulnar neuropathy at the elbow

ObjectiveHere, we aimed to describe the clinical, electrodiagnostic (EDx) and ultrasonographic (US) findings in a series of patients with ulnar neuropathy at the wrist (UNW) due to compression by a ganglion cyst. We also sought features that differentiate UNW from ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE).MethodsWe reviewed electronic medical records of consecutive patients with UNW caused by ganglion cysts. We compared their clinical, EDx and US findings to findings in our previously reported prospective series of UNE patients.ResultsWe identified 10 patients with UNW caused by ganglion cyst compression, who all presented with intrinsic hand muscle weakness and atrophy. Compared to 175 UNE patients they less often complained of paresthesia (60% vs. 98%) and presented less sensory loss in the palm (30% vs. 96%) and little finger (50% vs. 95%). They more often had distal ulnar motor latency recorded from the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) > 3.6 ms (80% vs. 30%), and denervation activity on needle EMG in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) compared to ADM (100% vs. 60%). Only 20% of our UNW patients had ulnar nerve swelling at the site of compression on US.ConclusionUNW potentially caused by ganglion cyst should be suspected in patients presenting with intrinsic hand muscle atrophy and weakness, particularly in cases with normal sensation, increased distal ulnar motor latency recorded from ADM and more severe neuropathic changes in FDI compared to ADM muscle.     

星状神经节阻滞对心率变异性影响的实验研究

目的：探讨在家兔清醒状态下,以第7颈椎横突为标志,经皮行星状神经节阻滞的可行性和有效性．及其对心率变异性的影响。方法：健康新西兰大耳白兔16只被随机均分为左侧星状神经节阻滞组（LSGB组）、右侧星状神经节阻滞组（RSGB组）。白兔均在清醒状态下四肢固定,仰卧于动物手术台,胸前及四肢连接十二导动态心电图分析系统,稳定30min后,以第七颈椎横突为骨性标志,垂直进针,给予0．5％布比卡因1ml,行星状神经节阻滞。观察眼睑下垂程度、耳廓温度、心率变异性指标[24h正常RR间期标准差（SDNN）、低频功能（LF）、高频功能（HF）、LF／HF]。另取9只家兔同法向星状神经节处推注亚甲蓝溶液后暴露星状神经节,以其是否蓝染判断注射阻滞部位的精确程度。结果：两组动物均完成星状神经节阻滞操作,术后即刻及饲养1周均未发现并发症。阻滞10min后两组动物阻滞侧均出现上睑下垂和眼裂变小。与对侧及阻滞前相比．阻滞侧耳廓温度明显升高（P〈0．05）。两组动物阻滞前后心率无明显差异,LSGB组,阻滞前、后SDNN、LF、HF、LF/HF无显著差异。RSGB组．LF和HF值在阻滞后较阻滞前显著减小（P〈0．05）．但LF／HF、SDNN无明显改变。9只家兔行亚甲蓝注射后．解剖发现8只星状神经节被染色,精确程度为88．9％（8／9）。结论：以第7颈椎横突为标志,经皮行星状神经节阻滞建立动物模型的方法切实可行,眼睑、眼裂及耳廓温度是较好的阻滞成功判断指标。星状神经节阻滞对自主神经功能有调节作用,可能就是其阻滞治疗各种疾病的作用机制之一。     

Arthroscopic decompression of a ganglion cyst causing suprascapular nerve compression

Ganglion cysts causing suprascapular nerve compression are an uncommon cause of suprascapular nerve compression. The advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its application in patients with shoulder pain has improved the ability to diagnose cystic lesions causing extrinsic compression of the suprascapular nerve. Traditionally, treatment of suprascapular nerve compression by a ganglion cyst has required open cyst excision through either a deltoid and infraspinatus muscle takedown or a muscle splitting approach. We present three cases of suprascapular nerve compression by a ganglion cyst in which the cyst was decompressed arthroscopically. In each case the patient's symptoms resolved after arthroscopic cyst decompression, and a postoperative MRI does not demonstrate reaccumulation of the cyst fluid. Arthroscopic ganglion cyst decompression is a well-tolerated approach to this problem that avoids the morbidity of an open surgical procedure. The absence of recurrent cyst formation combined with resolution of the symptoms attests to the success of this method.