Effect of bisacodyl on postoperative bowel motility in elective colorectal surgery: a prospective, randomized trial

Background  Postoperative ileus is a common condition after abdominal surgery. Many prokinetic drugs have been evaluated including osmotic laxatives. The data on colon-stimulating laxatives are scarce. This prospective, randomized, double-blind trial investigates the effect of the colon-stimulating laxative bisacodyl on postoperative ileus in elective colorectal resections. Materials and methods  Between November 2004 and February 2007, 200 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to receive either bisacodyl or placebo. Primary endpoint was time to gastrointestinal recovery (mean time to first flatus passed, first defecation, and first solid food tolerated; GI-3). Secondary endpoints were incidence and duration of nasogastric tube reinsertion, incidence of vomiting, length of hospital stay, and visual analogue scores for pain, cramps, and nausea. Results  One hundred sixty-nine patients were analyzed, and 31 patients discontinued the study. Groups were comparable in baseline demographics. Time to GI-3 was significantly shorter in the bisacodyl group (3.0 versus 3.7 days, P = 0.007). Of the single parameters defining GI-3, there was a 1-day difference in time to defecation in favor to the bisacodyl group (3.0 versus 4.0 days, P = 0.001), whereas no significant difference in time to first flatus or tolerance of solid food was seen. No significant difference in the secondary endpoints was seen. Morbidity and mortality did not differ between groups. Conclusion  Bisacodyl accelerated gastrointestinal recovery and might be considered as part of multimodal recovery programs after colorectal surgery.     

Gastrointestinal motility problems in critical care: A clinical perspective

Advances in surgery, anesthesia and intensive care have led to a dramatic increase in the number of patients who spend time in our intensive care units (ICU). Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are common complications in the intensive care setting and are predictors of increased mortality and length of the stay in the ICU. Several risk factors for developing GI motility problems in the ICU setting have been identified and include sepsis, being on mechanical ventilation and the use of vasopressors, opioids or anticholinergic medications. Our focus is on the most common clinical manifestations of GI motor dysfunction in the ICU patient: gastroesophageal reflux, gastroparesis, ileus and acute pseudo‐obstruction of the colon.     

腹腔引流液中的细胞因子在早期预测结直肠癌术后肠梗阻中的作用

目的 检测结直肠癌手术后患者腹腔引流液中细胞因子水平,研究能否通过观察细胞因子水平的变化早期诊断术后肠梗阻.方法 我们选择了100例行乙状结肠癌或直肠癌根治术的患者,在术后第1、3、5d提取患者的腹腔引流液,检测IL-1β,IL-6和TNF-α水平.结果 有8位患者在术后第10～15 d出现肠梗阻,两组患者术后第1d和第3d的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平变化不明显,无统计学差异.但是,在术后第5d,肠梗阻组的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平明显升高,而非肠梗阻组的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平明显下降.总体来说,非肠梗阻组的92例患者的细胞因子水平在术后前5d呈下降趋势,而肠梗阻组的8例患者的细胞因子水平呈明显上升趋势.结论 结直肠癌术后患者腹腔引流液中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平的升高可能是一项早期预测术后肠梗阻的实验室指标.     

Alvimopan Accelerates Gastrointestinal Recovery After Radical Cystectomy: A Multicenter Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background

Radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer is frequently associated with delayed gastrointestinal (GI) recovery that prolongs hospital length of stay (LOS).

Objective

To assess the efficacy of alvimopan to accelerate GI recovery after RC.

Design, setting, and participants

We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients undergoing RC and receiving postoperative intravenous patient-controlled opioid analgesics.

Intervention

Oral alvimopan 12 mg (maximum: 15 inpatient doses) versus placebo.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

The two-component primary end point was time to upper (first tolerance of solid food) and lower (first bowel movement) GI recovery (GI-2). Time to discharge order written, postoperative LOS, postoperative ileus (POI)-related morbidity, opioid consumption, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. An independent adjudication of cardiovascular AEs was performed.

Results and limitations

Patients were randomized to alvimopan (n = 143) or placebo (n = 137); 277 patients were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. The alvimopan cohort experienced quicker GI-2 recovery (5.5 vs 6.8 d; hazard ratio: 1.8; p < 0.0001), shorter mean LOS (7.4 vs 10.1 d; p = 0.0051), and fewer episodes of POI-related morbidity (8.4% vs 29.1%; p < 0.001). The incidence of opioid consumption and AEs or serious AEs (SAEs) was comparable except for POI, which was lower in the alvimopan group (AEs: 7% vs 26%; SAEs: 5% vs 20%, respectively). Cardiovascular AEs occurred in 8.4% (alvimopan) and 15.3% (placebo) of patients (p = 0.09). Generalizability may be limited due to the exclusion of epidural analgesia and the inclusion of mostly high-volume centers utilizing open laparotomy.

Conclusions

Alvimopan is a useful addition to a standardized care pathway in patients undergoing RC by accelerating GI recovery and shortening LOS, with a safety profile similar to placebo.

Patient summary

This study examined the effects of alvimopan on bowel recovery in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Patients receiving alvimopan experienced quicker bowel recovery and had a shorter hospital stay compared with those who received placebo, with comparable safety.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00708201     

手术治疗老年胆结石胆囊炎的临床观察

目的探讨手术治疗老年胆结石胆囊炎的临床效果。方法选取本院2011年12月至2013年12月诊治的老年胆结石胆囊炎患者60例,采用数字随机法分为两组,每组各30例。对照组患者采用开腹手术治疗,观察组患者采用腹腔镜手术治疗。比较两组患者手术相关指标、治疗效果、术后并发症情况。结果观察组患者切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间均明显小于对照组;观察组患者总有效率(96.7%)明显高于对照组(80.0%),观察组患者并发症发生率(3.3%)明显低于对照组(23.3%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论开腹手术与腹腔镜手术均是治疗老年胆结石胆囊炎的有效方法,其中腹腔镜手术的治疗效果更好,对患者创伤小,可明显缩短患者的治疗时间和恢复时间,术后并发症少且安全性高,值得临床推广。     

胆石症合并胰腺炎手术时机选择的探讨

目的：探讨胆石症合并胰腺炎手术时机的选择。方法回顾性分析90例胆石症合并胰腺炎患者的临床资料。结果52例患者经保守治疗2周后,行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（38例）或开腹胆囊切除术（14例）。8例合并梗阻性黄疸较重行急诊开腹手术,胆道镜取石, T管引流;其余30例保守治疗3个月后,再次入院行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术。全部患者均痊愈出院。结论胆石症合并胰腺炎伴有严重梗阻性黄疸的患者宜早期手术解除梗阻。而对于胰腺周围渗出较少的患者,可以保守治疗,待稳定后择期手术,效果良好。     

中老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者胆石症与代谢危险因素关系探讨

目的 收集中老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者资料,探讨NAFLD患者合并胆石症(GD)的危险因素。方法 2018年1月～2020年12月在健康体检过程中发现的NAFLD患者216例,随机选择同期无NAFLD的健康体检者200例,使用超声检查诊断NAFLD和GD,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,以确定与NAFLD合并GD相关的独立危险因素。结果 在216例NAFLD患者中,发现合并GD 52例,未合并GD 164例;GD组年龄为(62.4±11.3)岁,显著大于非GD组【(54.2±9.0)岁, P<0.05】,GD组糖尿病发生率为23.1%,与非GD组的12.8%比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),GD组舒张压为(87.5±10.2)mmHg,显著高于非GD组【(75.5±9.9)mmHg, P<0.05】,GD组FBG和HDL-C水平分别为(7.2±1.5)mmol/L和(1.0±0.3)mmol/L,与非GD组的【(6.0±1.7)mmol/L和(1.3±0.3)mmol/L】比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);GD组糖尿病、高血压、BMI和舒张压分别为23.1%、61.5%、(26.1±2.3)kg/m²和(87.5±10.2)mmHg,与健康人【分别为9.5%、41.0%、(23.2±2.7)kg/m²和(72.2±9.8)mmHg】比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);GD组FBG、ALT、AST、TG、TC、LDL-C和HDL-C水平分别为(7.2±1.5)mmol/L、(48.4±8.5)U/L、(54.5±6.3)U/L、(4.9±1.0)mmol/L、(5.2±1.0)mmol/L、(3.5±0.7)mmol/L和(1.0±0.3)mmol/L,与健康人【分别为(5.4±1.3)mmol/L、(17.7±9.6)U/L、(18.5±7.0)U/L、(1.3±0.7)mmol/L、(4.8±1.1)mmol/L、(2.1±0.6)mmol/L和(1.6±0.3)mmol/L】比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);应用二项分类变量Logistic回归模型对上述具有显著性差异的指标进行逐步回归分析,结果提示年龄、糖尿病、FBG、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C为NALFD患者合并GD的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。结论 在患有NAFLD的中老年群体中,FBG升高或HDL-C降低会增加发生GD的风险。加强对健康体检者的宣教,早期发现合并的糖尿病或FBG升高和血脂异常,及时行超声检查,以早期发现合并的GD,减少急腹症的发生。