胆囊十二指肠瘘30例临床分析

目的探讨胆囊十二指肠瘘诊治特点。方法对自2000年1月至2011年8月入住我院的30例胆囊十二指肠瘘患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果本组患者的主要症状为间断性右上腹疼痛,腹部超声检查发现胆囊结石25例,术前内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)检查确诊5例,上消化道泛影葡胺造影确诊2例,均进行手术治疗,术后十二指肠漏2例、胃肠吻合口漏2例,均治愈,1例术后发现瘘口处癌变。结论胆囊十二指肠瘘临床表现不典型,术前确诊困难,ERCP可明确诊断,术中处理易造成副损伤,应根据病情采取不同手术方式治疗。     

JNK信号通路在小鼠术后肠麻痹发病机制中的作用

目的 探讨JNK信号通路在小鼠术后肠麻痹（POI）发病机制中的作用。方法 将野生型C57/BL6小鼠（WT）及同品系的JNK-/-小鼠均随机分成假手术组（Sham组，n=6）和肠麻痹组（POI组，n=6）。采用经典小肠操作方法诱导POI模型，术后24h给小鼠碳末灌胃，20min后麻醉小鼠，开腹取小肠评估肠动力，取回肠评估组织学改变，检测髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、IL-1β、IL-6水平及Claudin-2蛋白表达。结果 与Sham组小鼠相比，无论WT或JNK-/-小鼠其POI组的小肠排推率（分别为21%与33%）均明显降低（P=0.034及P=0.045，均P<0.05），小肠组织MPO活性水平（分别为0.608U/g与0.433U/g）明显升高（均P<0.05）；与WT小鼠POI组比较，JNK-/-小鼠POI组的小肠运动功能及其组织病理变化有所改善，炎症介质如MPO、IL-1β及IL-6水平均有明显降低（均P<0.05），小肠Claudin-2蛋白表达也降低（P<0.01）。结论 JNK基因敲除减轻小鼠肠道炎症反应、改善POI，表明JNK信号通路参与POI的发病过程。     

Gall Stone Ileus with Acute Kidney Injury—A Case Report

Abstract

Gall stone ileus is a rare serious complication of cholelithiasis. We report a case of cholecystoduodenal fistula presenting as gall stone ileus with acute kidney injury which was managed successfully.     

老年结肠癌伴急性肠梗阻的外科治疗体会(附45例报告)

目的探讨老年结肠癌并发急性梗阻的临床特点、围手术期处理和术式选择。方法回顾性分析45例手术治疗的老年结肠癌并发急性梗阻患者的临床资料。结果术前明确诊断39例(86.67%),并发肠穿孔6例术前全部确诊;Ⅰ期切除吻合26例(57.78%),Ⅰ期切除近端造瘘7例(15.56%);分期手术9例(20.00%);DukesD期3例(6.67%)仅行近端结肠造瘘;发生切口并发症11例(24.44%),其中感染4例,裂开7例,均治愈;发生吻合口瘘2例,经腹腔灌洗引流治愈1例;术后死亡3例(6.67%),分别死于吻合口瘘、感染和多器官功能衰竭。42例术后得到随访,平均生存期(23.40±4.56)个月。结论老年结肠癌并发急性梗阻临床表现复杂,并发症发生率高,治疗以外科手术为主,加强围手术期处理,合理把握手术时机以及正确选择手术方式是降低手术风险、减少并发症和保证治疗效果的关键。     

Wernicke encephalopathy,dysautonomia and excessive soft drink consumption: An unusual triad

We report the clinical observation of a 46 years old woman developing Wernicke encephalopathy with an atypical presentation, which is complicated by severe dysautonomic syndrome with paralytic ileus, a rarely described complication. Moreover, the patient's Coca-Cola® addictive behaviour highlights the importance of considering the multifactorial origin of thiamine deficiency. Identifying the risk population and recognizing the symptoms in time is essential to avoid a diagnostic delay, potentially fatal, and can lead to a more efficient care management.     

农村老年胆囊结石患者双向转诊过程中单病种临床路径的应用

目的探讨单病种临床路径在农村老年胆囊结石患者双向转诊中的应用效果。方法选取2013年10月~2014年10月在苏州大学附属常熟医院(以下简称"我院")行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术60岁及以上患者46例,随机分为试验组(n=23)和对照组(n=23)。试验组患者从入院手术到出院转回常熟市辛庄镇卫生院后续治疗均按胆囊结石单病种临床路径模式管理实施连续医疗护理;对照组患者则按传统治疗方法处理,痊愈后从我院直接出院。对两组患者的医院平均住院时间、抗生素使用时间、总住院费用、患者满意度等指标进行对比分析。结果试验组患者在平均住院时间、抗生素使用时间、总住院费用、患者满意度等方面均明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论单病种临床路径在农村老年胆囊结石患者双向转诊中效果明显,值得推广。     

Hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in Japanese patients with cholesterol gallstones

In Japan the composition of gallstones is changing rapidly from the once-predominant brownpigment stones to cholesterol ones. The present work was undertaken to clarify the mechanism of cholesterol supersaturated bile production in Japanese patients with cholesterol gallstones. In 26 non-obese and normolipidemic patients (11 with cholesterol gallstones, 8 with black- or brown-pigment gallstones, 7 without gallstones) a liver biopsy and hepatic bile were surgically obtained under standardized conditions. The cholesterol saturation of hepatic bile was significantly higher in cholesterol gallstone patients than in gallstone-free controls (195 ±10 vs. 146 ±8%, respectively; P < 0.01). The microsomal activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis, and 7 α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one 12 α-hydroxylase (12 α-hydroxylase), the rate-limiting enzyme for cholic acid synthesis, were assayed simultaneously in the same subjects. There were positive correlations between HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase activities (Rs = 0.62, P < 0.005), and between cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase and 12 α-hydroxylase activities (Rs = 0.44, P < 0.05) in all subjects, irrespective of the existence of gallstones. The activities of the three rate-limiting enzymes did not differ significantly among the three groups (cholesterol stone, pigment stone and stone-free). In conclusion, the cholesterol supersaturation of hepatic bile in nonobese and normolipidemic Japanese patients with cholesterol gallstones does not result from an increased hepatic cholesterol synthesis or a decreased bile acid synthesis. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 02454226) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, and a grant from University of Tsukuba Project Research.     

胆结石患者血清和胆汁幽门螺杆菌相关蛋白免疫印迹检测

目的：研究幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染与胆石形成的关系。方法：采用聚合酶链免疫吸附法（ELISA）对胆结石患者的血清及胆汁免疫球蛋白IgG,IgA,IgM标本进行检测，对血清学及胆汁IgG均阳性患者的胆汁，采用免疫印迹法（Western blot)进行HP感染相关蛋白检测。结果：胆结石组50例患者中血清学及胆汁IgG均阳性者29例（58.0%)，另取非胆结石组13例作为对照，胆结石组与非胆结石组血清及胆汁HP免疫印迹检测，均可检出4种主要HP感染相关蛋白，但胆结石组血清及胆汁中UreA检出率较非胆结石组高。结论：胆汁中存在多种HP感染相关蛋白，并可能参与胆结石的形成。