Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of cholecystectomy in women

Purpose

Many constituents of fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk for gallstones, but prospective data relating fruit and vegetable intake to gallstone disease are sparse.

Methods

We prospectively studied fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to the risk of cholecystectomy in a cohort of 77,090 women in the Nurses’ Health Study, 37 to 64 years of age, who had no history of gallstone disease. Women reported on follow-up questionnaires both their consumption of fruits and vegetables and whether they had undergone cholecystectomy.

Results

During 1,060,033 person-years of follow-up from 1984 to 2000, participants reported 6608 cases of cholecystectomy. After adjusting for established or suspected risk factors, the relative risk for women in the highest quintile of overall consumption of fruits and vegetables was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.87, P for trend < .0001) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Similar results were seen for both total fruits and total vegetables separately. The composite items of fruits and vegetables including green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables, and cruciferous vegetables also were each inversely associated with the risk.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a protective role of greater fruit and vegetable consumption against risk of cholecystectomy in women.     

Enterolithiasis

Enterolithiasis or formation of gastrointestinal concretions is an uncommon medical condition that develops in the setting of intestinal stasis in the presence of the intestinal diverticula, surgical enteroanastomoses, blind pouches, afferent loops, incarcerated hernias, small intestinal tumors, intestinal kinking from intra-abdominal adhesions, and stenosing or stricturing Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis. Enterolithiasis is classified into primary and secondary types. Its prevalence ranges from 0.3% to 10% in selected populations. Proximal primary enteroliths are composed of choleic acid salts and distal enteroliths are calcified. Clinical presentation includes abdominal pains, distention, nausea, and vomiting of occasionally sudden but often fluctuating subacute nature which occurs as a result of the enterolith tumbling through the bowel lumen. Thorough history and physical exam coupled with radiologic imaging helps establish a diagnosis in a patient at risk. Complications include bowel obstruction, direct pressure injury to the intestinal mucosa, intestinal gangrene, intussusceptions, afferent loop syndrome, diverticulitis, iron deficiency anemia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and perforation. Mortality of primary enterolithiasis may reach 3% and secondary enterolithiasis 8%. Risk factors include poorly conditioned patients with significant obstruction and delay in diagnosis. Treatment relies on timely recognition of the disease and endoscopic or surgical intervention. With advents in new technology, improved outcome is expected for patients with enterolithiasis.     

Laparoscopic treatment of an upper gastrointestinal obstruction due to Bouveret’s syndrome

Bouveret’s syndrome is an extremely rare type of gallstone-induced ileus with atypical clinical manifestations,such as abdominal distension and pain,nausea and vomiting,fever or even gastrointestinal bleeding,which may easily be misdiagnosed. In the present case,a 55-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with upper gastrointestinal obstructive symptoms but without pain,fever,jaundice or melena. At first,gastrolithiasis and peptic ulcer combined with pyloric obstruction were suspected after gastroscopy revealed a large,hard stone in the duodenal bulb. A revised diagnosis of Bouveret’s syndrome was made following abdominal computed tomography. Subsequently,the patient exhibited a good postoperative recovery after laparoscopic duodenotomy for gallstone removal and subtotal cholecystectomy. The condition of the patient remained stable after being followed up for 6 mo. The successful application of laparoscopic therapy to treat Bouveret’s syndrome has seldom been reported. Laparoscopic enterolithotomy is safe and effective,with good patient tolerability,rapid postoperative recovery and few wound-related complications. The laparoscopic treatment of Bouveret’s syndrome is worth exploring.     

胆囊切除术中胆总管探查阴性的分析

目的探讨胆囊切除术时胆总管探查阴性的原因。方法回顾分析本院1998年6月至2003年12月31例胆总管探查阴性病人的临床资料。结果导致阴性探查的原因有急性水肿性胰腺炎9例,慢性胰腺炎6例,梗阻性胆囊炎6例,细小胆囊结石7例,胆总管胆汁浑浊2例,胆总管旁淋巴结肿大1例。结论胆总管内外因素可引起胆总管探查阴性,术中经胆囊管胆道造影等能减少胆总管的阴性探查。     

Gallstone ileus associated with impaction at Meckel&rsquo;s diverticulum: Case report and literature review

Gallstone ileus due to erosion of one or more gallstones into the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction. The site of impaction is usually distal ileum, and less commonly the jejunum, colon, duodenum, or stomach. We report a rare case of gallstone ileus with impaction at the proximal small bowel and at a Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) in a 64-year-old woman managed with laparoscopic converted to open small bowel resections. Patient was discharged home in stable condition and remained asymptomatic at 6-mo follow up. We review the current literature on surgical approaches to MD and gallstone ileus. Diverticulectomy or segmental resection is preferred for complicated MD. For gallstone ileus, simple enterolithotomy or segmental resection are the most the most favored especially in older co-morbid patients due to lower mortality rates and the rarity of recurrent gallstone ileus. In addition, laparoscopy has been increasingly reported as a safe approach to manage gallstone ileus.     

Management and outcome of recurrent gallstone ileus: A systematic review

AIM: To help the surgeon in decision making when treating a patient with recurrent gallstone ileus (RGSI).METHODS: A systematic review related to RGSI was performed using the databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed from May 1912 to April 2015. All languages were included and the grey literature was also searched. The abstracts were explored for relevance to the topic and full texts obtained as appropriate. A manual search was carried out by scrutinising the reference lists of all the full text articles and further articles were identified and obtained. Total of 903 articles were identified, 656 were excluded after abstract review, 247 full text articles were reviewed and 91 articles selected for final analysis. There were 113 cases of RGSI.RESULTS: There were 113 cases of RGSI reported in 91 articles. The majority of the recurrences, 62.6%, occurred within 6 wk of the index event. The male to female ratio was 1:7. The mean age was 69.6 years (SD 11.2) with a range of 38-95 years. The small bowel was the commonest site of impaction (92.2%). Treatment data was available for 104 patients. The two main operations performed were: (1) Enterolithotomy without repair of biliary fistula in 70.1% of all patients with a procedural mortality rate of 16.4% (12/73) and (2) a single stage surgery approach involving enterolithotomy with cholecystectomy and repair of the biliary enteric fistula in 16.3% with a procedural mortality of 11.7% (2/17). A subset analysis over last 25 years showed mortality from eneterolithotomy was 4.8% while single stage mortality was 22.2%. Enterolithotomy alone was the commonest operation performed for RGSI with four patients (5.4%) having a further recurrence of gallstone ileus.CONCLUSION: Enterolithotomy alone or followed by a delayed two-stage treatment approach is the preferred choice offering low mortality and reduced risk of recurrence.     

Successful endoscopic treatment of colonic gallstone ileus using electrohydraulic lithotripsy

The surgical management of gallstone ileus is complex and potentially highly morbid.Initial management requires enterolithotomy and is generally followed by fistula resection at a later date.There have been reports of gallstone extraction using various endoscopic modalities to relieve the obstruction,however,to date,there has never been a published case of endoscopic stone extraction from the colon using electrohydraulic lithotripsy.In this report,we present the technique employed to successfully perform an...     

肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术36例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）在治疗肝硬化患者中的临床效果.方法 对2005年1月～2010年8月间在笔者所在医院就诊的36例Child-Pugh A、B级肝硬化行LC的患者进行分析.结果 36例患者顺利完成LC,其中3例行胆囊大部分切除,3例因术中止血困难而中转开腹.所有患者术后无胆道损伤、术后再出血及肝功能衰竭等严重并发症.术后出现腹水3例,穿刺孔出血2例.结论 充分做好术前准备,准确掌握手术适应证,熟练的手术技巧,肝硬化患者行LC是安全的,对于肝功能A、B级须切除胆囊者应首选LC.     

原发性胆囊癌100例报告

本文报告我院近30年(1956～1986)原发性胆囊癌 100例。该病居我院消化道癌第五位。胆囊癌病因相关因素较多,但以胆囊粘膜的慢性刺激和胆酸代谢紊乱较为重要,其早期诊断困难,对高危人群进行B 超切面显像监测值得推崇。为了防止漏诊,胆囊切除术中应常规剖视胆囊标本并送病理检查。胆囊癌早期倾向局部转移,应力争根治切除。为防患于未然,作者提出二级预防建议。