B型超声诊断胆囊结石漏误诊原因分析

目的总结B型超声诊断胆囊结石的漏误诊情况,探讨提高诊断符合率的有效方法。方法对1345例胆囊结石病例的B超声诊断结果进行回顾性分析和总结。结果1345例中漏诊15例,漏诊率1．12％;误诊6例,误诊率0．45％。结论提高认识和改善手法有利于提高B超对胆囊结石的诊断符合率。     

某生物制品所工作人员体检结果分析

目的探讨某生物制品所职工不同年龄组常见疾病（脂肪肝、肝囊肿、胆结石、胆息肉及肾结石）分布状况。方法用超声诊断仪及生化分析仪对862名受检人员进行健康检查。结果40岁以上组工作人员脂肪肝、肝囊肿、胆结石、胆息肉及肾结石的发病率明显高于30岁以下组和30～40岁组,其血脂和肝功能不良也明显增加。结论该生物制品所工作人员的脂肪肝、肝囊肿、胆结石、胆息肉及肾结石发病率以及血脂异常和肝功能不良随年龄增加而增高。     

Endoscopic sphincterotomy and interval cholecystectomy are reasonable alternatives to index cholecystectomy in severe acute gallstone pancreatitis (GSP)

BACKGROUND: UK guidelines for gallstone pancreatitis (GSP) advocate definitive treatment during the index admission, or within 2 weeks of discharge. However, this target may not always be achievable. This study reviewed current management of GSP in a university hospital and evaluated the risk associated with interval cholecystectomy. METHODS: All patients that presented with GSP over a 4-year period (2002-2005) were stratified for disease severity (APACHE II). Patient demographics, time to definitive therapy [index cholecystectomy; endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES); Interval cholecystectomy], and readmission rates were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: 100 patients admitted with GSP. Disease severity was mild in 54 patients and severe in 46 patients. Twenty-two patients unsuitable for surgery underwent ES as definitive treatment with no readmissions. Seventy-eight patients underwent cholecystectomy, of which 40 (58%) had an index cholecystectomy, and 38 (42%) an interval cholecystectomy. Only 10 patients with severe GSP had an index cholecystectomy, whilst 30 were readmitted for Interval cholecystectomy (p = 0.04). The median APACHE score was 4 [standard deviation (SD) 3.8] for index cholecystectomy and 8 (SD 2.6) for Interval cholecystectomy (p < 0.05). Median time (range) to surgery was 7.5 (2-30) days for index cholecystectomy and 63 (13-210) days for Interval cholecystectomy. Fifty percent (19/38) of patients with GSP had ES prior to discharge for interval cholecystectomy. Two (5%) patients were readmitted: with acute cholecystitis (n = 1) and acute pancreatitis (n = 1) , whilst awaiting interval cholecystectomy. No mortality was noted in the Index or Interval group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that overall 62% (22 endoscopic sphincterotomy and 40 index cholecystectomy) of patients with GSP have definitive therapy during the Index admission. However, surgery was deferred in the majority (n = 30) of patients with severe GSP, and 19/30 underwent ES prior to discharge. ES and interval cholecystectomy in severe GSP is associated with minimal morbidity and readmission rates, and is considered a reasonable alternative to an index cholecystectomy in patients with severe GSP.     

胆石利通联合肝切除治疗肝内外胆管结石的疗效观察

目的探讨胆石利通联合肝切除治疗肝内外胆管结石的疗效。方法 2006年6月～2011年6月,笔者所在医院共收治肝内外复杂胆管结石病242例,其中162例行肝叶或肝段切除术。162例行肝叶或肝段切除术患者根据是否使用胆石利通片随机分为联合组(胆石利通联合肝切除)和对照组(消炎利胆片联合肝切除)各81例,比较两组的疗效及并发症情况。结果两组患者的年龄、性别、病史、病程等基础资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合组的总有效率93.8%,明显高于对照组(76.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组的并发症例数明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胆石利通联合肝切除技术治疗肝内外胆管结石,可以明确提高临床疗效,降低并发症的发生率,值得推广。     

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目的 提高对胆石性肠梗阻的认识，及时明确诊断和手术治疗。方法 回顾性分析１３例胆石性肠梗阻的临床及影像学资料。结果 １３例均经手术治愈，仅３例术前确诊为胆石性肠梗阻。结论 滚动性梗阻是胆石性肠梗阻的特征，及时的Ｂ超和Ｘ线检查有助于早期明确诊断，手术解除结石梗阻是唯一的治疗手段。     

Biliary extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

Biliary extracorporeal lithotripsy has been considered one of the alternatives to surgery for the treatment of gallstones in the bile ducts and in the gallbladder. Although this technique can fragment almost all gallstones, the clinical effectiveness of this new treatment modality must be measured by successful elimination of all fragments. Some physical principles, stone targeting, patient protocol, complications, and clinical results are presented.     

熊去氧胆酸对胆固醇结石患者胆囊胆汁脂类浓度成核时间及胆囊排空能力的影响

作者测定了３８例胆囊胆固醇结石患者服用小量熊去氧胆酸（４００ｍｇ／ｄ）后的胆囊胆汁脂类浓度、成核时间及胆囊排空能力的变化。结果发现：小剂量熊去氧胆酸可降低胆囊胆汁胆固醇饱和指数．延长成核时间，但对胆囊排空能力无影响。认为熊去氧胆酸可通过降低胆固醇饱和指数，延长胆固醇晶体成核过程而对胆囊结石起预防作用。     

胆源性胰腺炎手术时机的选择和术后处理

目的：探讨胆源性胰膛炎（GP）的手术时机和术后处理。方法：分析48例GP的临床资料。结果：轻型GP 35例采用非手术疗法治愈，1－3周后再行胆道手术32例，无手术并发症。重型GP13例，全部急诊手术，但术后出现不同程度的并发症，死亡1例。结论：轻型GP应待急生发作缓解后手术。重型GP，若全身条件许可，应积极行外科手术治疗，并重视术后处理。     

急性胆石性胰腺炎的CT和ERCP相关性分析

目的：探讨急性胰腺炎与胆石症的相关性。方法：对46例胆石性胰腺炎的资料进行回顾性分析，对其CT表现和经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic rctrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP)表现进行比较。结果：46例中39例为轻度胰腺炎，7例为坏死性胰腺炎。15例CT显示胆囊结石，24例ERCP可见胆囊结石。2例CT显示总胆管结石，16例ERCP可见总胆管结石。结石的大小与胰腺炎的严重程度无明显的相关性。结论：胆石症是引起急性胰腺炎的原因之一，其他致病因子在疾病的进展和预后中可能起更为重要的作用。胆石性胰腺炎应强调综合治疗，并提出胆石性胰腺炎治疗的设想。     

胆石症病人胆囊黏膜中幽门螺杆菌的免疫组化检测及意义

目的：研究幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori)感染与胆石形成的关系。方法：对50例胆石症病人中血清及胆汁幽门螺杆菌IgG阳性的29例手术切除胆囊标本，采用常规Giemsa染色及特殊幽门螺杆菌免疫组化染色进行观察。结果：29例血清及胆汁幽门螺杆菌IgG阳性胆囊黏膜标本中Giemas检出23例（79．3％），6例为阴性；H.pylori免疫酶标记3例为阳性（10．34％），26例为阴性。Giemsa染色阳性切片中，在黏膜表面上皮，腺体上皮表面及腺腔的黏液中，可发现染成蓝色细菌。免疫组化阳性切片中，在同样部位发现呈阳性反应的着棕黄色菌体。细菌球形菌明显多于杆状菌。结论：在胆囊黏膜组织中可发现幽门螺杆菌样菌。