Differential diagnosis of neoplasia of the palatine tonsil*

The differential diagnosis of approximately 2000 cases of palatine tonsillar malignancy contained in the Otolaryngic Pathology Registry of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology are presented to include basic statistics of age, race and sex. These statistics and others from the World English language medical literature are compared and discussed briefly. Pertinent information points out the overwhelming predominance of squamous (epidermoid) carcinoma, the delayed medical attention of patients and hence the advanced clinical state of the disease when first diagnosed, the involvement of cervical lymph nodes in the majority of cases and the causative relationship of alcoholism. A discussion of the various histological types of tonsillar carcinoma suggests a simplification of the current microscopic classification.     

影响鼻咽癌放疗后长期生存因素(病例对照研究)

采用过程ＣＲＯＳＳＴＡＢＳ的统计方法对放疗后生存１０年以上与５年以下死亡的鼻咽癌病例进行病例对照研究，探索各入选因素与生存的相关性。结果显示：原发病灶类型、经济状况、精神状况、临床分期、颅神经症状、年龄及疗后ＶＣＡ－ＩｇＡ滴度与鼻咽癌的生存有相关性。有争议的性别及病理类型与生存无明显相关。     

周围性面瘫电生理检查与预后相关分析

目的 评价面神经电图（ENoG）、F波和瞬目反射（BR）等电生理检查在早期周围性面瘫预后判断中的价值及相关性.方法 对发病3周内行ENoG、F波和BR检测的31例周围性面瘫患者的恢复情况进行随访,时间6个月～2年,分别以F波、BR异常与否以及ENoG是否≥90％作为诊断界值,比较3种诊断方法判断预后的准确度以及三者间的相关性.结果 3种方法均能准确判断周围性面瘫的预后,ENoG≥ 90％、F波和BR异常均预示预后差.Pearson相关性分析显示,F波和BR结果之间（r=0.674,P＜0.01）、ENoG与BR间（r =0.445,P＜ 0.05）具有一定的相关性,ENoG与F波的无相关性（r=0.251,P＞0.05）.结论 结合多项适当的电生理检查全面综合分析,对周围性面瘫早期预后判断起重要作用.     

Café-au-lait macules and pediatric malignancy caused by biallelic mutations in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene PMS2

A 14-year-old male presented with a T4 sigmoid adenocarcinoma, <10 colonic adenomas and multiple café-au-lait macules. Family history was not suggestive of a dominant hereditary form of colorectal cancer. Evaluation of the tumor revealed abnormal immunohistochemical staining of the PMS2 protein and high frequency microsatellite instability. Germline analysis identified biallelic PMS2 missense mutations. A new cancer syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in the mismatch repair genes, including PMS2, is now emerging and is characterized by café-au-lait macules, colonic polyps and a distinctive tumor spectrum.     

Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Songjiang district,Shanghai between 2015 and 2017: Evaluation of participation rate and the associated factor

Little is known about the participation rate of newly implemented colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs in China. Our goals were to identify factors associated with nonparticipation for CRC screening in Songjiang District, Shanghai.We analyzed individuals included in an observational cohort study from 4 towns (Xin Qiao, She Shan, Mao Gang, and Zhong Shan) in Songjiang District. The participation rate was calculated for the CRC screening program based on a fecal immunochemical test and a risk assessment questionnaire between 2015 and 2017 inclusive.Of the 27,130 individuals eligible for inclusion in this study, 20,863 (76.9%) participated in CRC screening at least once during 2015 and 2017. The factors linked with nonparticipation were; being male (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.93, P < .01), unmarried (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.64–0.80, P < .01), having a high education level (middle school, OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74–0.90, P < .01, high school or above, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.57–0.73, P < .01), absence of chronic disease (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.96, P < .01), and living in 2 out of the 4 towns covered (Xin Qiao, OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66–0.78, P < .01, Zhong Shan, OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.26–0.31, P < .01).The current study revealed several associated factors with nonparticipation for the CRC screening in Songjiang district. These findings will help identify target populations that require an individualized approach to increase the participation rate.     

心肌肌钙蛋白T水平与急性心源性肺水肿患者短期和长期预后的关系

目的:观察心肌肌钙蛋白T水平与急性心源性肺水肿患者短期和长期预后关系。方法:84例急性心源性肺水肿患者,排除急性心肌梗塞,如患者cTNT<0.1ng/ml则进入实验1组,cTNT≥0.1ng/ml分入2组,分别于入院后6及12h采血测cTNT。结果:46例(55%)患者cTNT≥0.1ng/ml。32例(38%)在随访期间死亡。2组患者既往有冠心病史的占72%,1组占50%,(P=0.04),2组患者年龄较1组大,(平均68岁vs61岁;P=0.021),1组患者3年存活率76%,2组患者3年死亡率29%。结论:cTNT≥0.1ng/ml与急性心源性肺水肿患者长期生存率低有关,是愈后差的预测因素。     

DH与DF方案治疗晚期食管癌的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的:本研究拟比较羟基喜树碱(喜素,HCPT)联合顺铂(DDP)与顺铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)治疗晚期食管癌的近期疗效及不良反应。方法:对60例经病理证实的晚期食管癌初治患者给予联合化疗,随机分为DH组或DF。每组各30例,DH组病例应用HCPT(6mg/m2d1~3)加DDP(25mg/m2d1~3),DF组病例应用5-Fu(750mg/m2d1~5)加DDP(25mg/m2d1~3),21d为一个周期,每例患者治疗少于2个周期。结果:DH组患者总有效率为46.7%,中位缓解期4.2个月;DF组患者总有效率为50.0%,中位生存期3.8个月,两组有效率比较差异无显著性。最常见的毒副反应为骨髓抑制和恶心、呕吐,DH组20.0%(6/30)出现Ⅲ~Ⅳ度白细胞下降,DF组13.3%(4/30)出现Ⅲ~Ⅳ度白细胞下降,二者比较差异无统计学意义,DH组和DF的Ⅲ Ⅳ度恶心、呕吐反应发生率分别为33.3%和30.0%,差别无统计学意义。DH组腹泻发生率26.7%,但可耐受。结论:DH与DF方案相比,疗效相似,不良反应虽有所不同,但毒性可以耐受,是对晚期食管癌有效的化疗方案之一。     

腹腔化疗前后腹水中端粒酶活性的变化及意义

目的 了解监测腹液中端粒酶活性(TA)用于诊断腹腔转移癌、评价腹腔化疗疗效及预后的临床价值.方法 应用端粒末端重复序列扩增-杂交-酶联免疫技术检测腹液中TA,分析腹腔转移癌患者腹腔化疗前后腹液中TA结果的变化与预后的关系.结果 腹腔转移癌腹液中TA的阳性结果(56/68)显著性高于良性腹水患者(2/33)(P<0.01),其阳性率也显著高于CEA、细胞学检测结果(P<0.01);化疗有效者的阳性结果(10/37)明显低于化疗无效者(28/31) (P<0.01),且化疗后TA阳性者6～18个月的生存人数显著性低于指标阴性者(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 检测腹腔化疗前后腹液中TA对协助诊断腹腔转移癌、评价腹腔化疗疗效及判断预后都有较高的应用价值.     

碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌的最新研究进展

近年来,作为最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,甲状腺癌的发病率曲线明显上升。分化型甲状腺癌经过手术、¹³¹I放疗及促甲状腺激素抑制等治疗后,大多数患者总体预后良好。但仍有少部分患者对放射性碘治疗不敏感且有1个或多个癌基因的突变,则成为病情进展快、死亡率高的碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌。应用上述的传统治疗手段难以取得满意疗效,本文综述了碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌的诊断及治疗进展,为尽早识别及早期进行靶向治疗等争取必要的时间。