Intraoperative microwave inactivation in‐situ of malignant tumors in the scapula

Objective: To explore the feasibility and effect of microwave in situ inactivation of malignant primary or metastatic tumors in the scapula. Methods: Seventeen patients (12 men, 5 women, mean age 48 years [range, 13–59 years]) with malignant primary or metastatic tumors involving the scapula were treated by microwave inactivation between June 1998 and February 2008. There were12 malignant primary bone and 5 metastatic tumors. In 14 cases Area Sl was involved and in 3 cases both Areas S1 and S2. All 17 cases were by making a dorsal arc‐ or “∩‐” shaped incision to expose the tumor, protecting the surrounding soft tissues with a copper grid, and then heated the tumors locally with 2450 MHz microwave to 50°C for 20 min, after which all or some of the necrotic tumor tissue was removed, preserving the support role of the scapula. Results: The operation time was 60–180 min (mean 120 min) and blood loss was 300–1000 mL (mean 460 mL). No serious intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in any patient. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 10 years (mean 4.2 years). Three patients with Ewing's sarcoma in the scapula had pulmonary, cerebral and systemic multiple metastases and died 8～24 months after surgery. Three patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma died of pulmonary and systemic multiple metastases 10～22 months after surgery; one patient had recurrence 6 months after surgery and survived with tumor. Five patients with metastatic tumor in the scapula died of non‐scapular metastatic tumor 6～14 months after surgery. The other five patients with primary malignant bone tumors had no recurrence or metastasis during follow‐up. Three cases had restricted extension of the shoulder joint with unrestricted protraction and retroflexion after surgery. Conclusion: In situ microwave inactivation features simple surgery, reliable effects and patient acceptability, making it an ideal surgical method for malignant tumors in the scapula.     

恶性肿瘤合并甲状腺功能亢进的临床分析

目的 探讨恶性肿瘤合并甲状腺功能亢进的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2004年5月至2010年5月天津医科大学总医院普外科收治的10例合并甲状腺功能亢进的恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料.结果 4例患者先行甲状腺次全切除术后再行肿瘤根治术,5例用药物控制甲状腺功能亢进症状后直接行肿瘤根治术,1例入院时甲状腺功能亢进已得到控制,顺利施行手术.术后3例出现类似甲状腺危象的临床表现,全组无手术死亡.术后均行化疗,其中1例因白细胞减少被迫停止化疗.结论 手术治疗合并甲状腺功能亢进的恶性肿瘤前应根据患者的不同情况选择最佳的方法(手术或药物)控制甲状腺功能亢进;合理的术前用药、有效的术后管理可以降低手术风险,使患者安全地通过围手术期;先期行甲状腺的次全切除是可行的治疗选择.     

核孔蛋白与肿瘤

在真核生物中,细胞的物质交换在其增殖和凋亡中长期存在,而细胞核与质的交换只能通过核孔复合体(NPC)进行的穿梭运动实现.NPC位于细胞核膜,通过穿梭运动实现真核生物中核与质之间蛋白、RNA等物质的运输任务.特定的核孔蛋白会调节特定的运输路径,而正是由于此,通过NPC进行的运输和调节是高选择性和协调性,从而使NPC在基因表达、信号网络和保持细胞内环境中起到了重要作用.它们当中有的会改变核膜的结构性状,影响有丝分裂,有的可以通过与激酶结合导致异常的生化反应,或者与其他生物因子作用,在血管生成、细胞迁移或者细胞生成及凋亡的环节出现异常变化,从而导致肿瘤的发生.     

Expression and clinical significance of Survivin and COX-2 in human ampullary carcinoma

Objective To study the expression of Survivin and COX-2 in ampullary carcinoma and their clinical significance.Methods The expression of Survivin and COX-2 proteins were tested by EnVision immunohistochemistry in 40 cases of ampullary carcinomas,and 8 cases of normal ampulla of vater as the controls．Results The positive rate of Survivin in ampullary carcinomas was significantly higher than that of the controls(82.5％vs 0,P<0.01). The expression of Survivin in ampullary carcinoma was correlated with duodenal invasion,pancreatic invasion and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). Significant difference was also observed in the expression rate of COX 2 between the patients with ampullary carcinoma and the normal controls (67.5％vs 0,P<0.01).The expression of COX-2 in ampullary carcinoma was correlated with duodenal invasion,pancreatic invasion and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Significantly positive correlation was found between the expression of Survivin and COX-2 by using spearman correlation analysis(r=0.383, P=0.015)．Conclusion The specific up regulation of COX-2 gene and Survivin gene may play an important role in the genesis and development of ampullary carcinoma. COX-2 and Survivin may be used as early diagnosis markers and potential therapeutic targets in ampullary carcinoma.     

高龄胃癌患者腹腔镜胃切除术安全性与近期疗效

目的:评价为高龄胃癌患者行腹腔镜胃切除术的安全性及近期疗效.方法:回顾分析2008年7月-2011年12月87例行胃切除术高龄(≥70岁)胃癌患者的临床资料,其中39例行腹腔镜手术(腔镜组),48例行开腹手术(开腹组),比较两组患者的一般情况、手术指标、术后恢复情况、并发症情况及治疗效果.结果:两组患者性别、中位年龄、术前合并症、ASA术前危险度评分、疾病类型均无明显差异(均P＞0.05).与开腹组比较,除平均手术时间无明显差异外(P＞0.05),腔镜组术中平均出血量(73 mL vs.309 mL),肠功能恢复时间(4.1 d vs.5.5 d),进流食时间(4.2 d vs.6d),平均住院时间( 19.1 d vs.25.2 d),术后心肺并发症发生率(28.2％ vs.56.3％)均明显减少(均P＜0.05).平均随访29个月,腹腔镜组和开腹组患者总生存率分别是57.1％和65.9％ (P＞0.05).结论:为高龄患者行腹腔镜胃癌切除术安全可行,可减少患者术中出血量,降低术后心肺并发症的发生率,加快术后胃肠功能恢复.     

针刺治疗肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞后综合征的疗效观察

目的 :探讨针刺法治疗肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞后综合征的临床疗效。方法 :采用针刺内关、足三里等穴位治疗肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞后综合征 36例 ,设西药恩丹西酮等为对照组 ,观察两组的临床疗效。结果 :治疗组有效率为 97 2 % ,对照组有效率为 95 2 % ,两组有效率之间差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;但两组临床显效率之间差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :治疗组临床显效率优于对照组 ,且见效快 ,无毒副作用     

MR angiography in abdominal neoplasms

The role of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the evaluation of vascular involvement was studied in 55 patients with abdominal neoplasms. A 2-D time-of-flight (TOF) technique was used in 18 patients. All patients underwent CT and MR examinations before MRA. Also, MR angiograms were compared with digital subtraction angiography in 22 cases, with Doppler US in 13 cases, and with surgical findings in 20 cases. In all patients with liver neoplasms (n = 29) MRA demonstrated the absence of flow in the infiltrated segments. Pericapsular neovascularization was observed in 12 patients. Portal vein involvement was correctly detected in 27 patients. In all cases MRA demonstrated the relationship between the tumor and venous structures. Portosystemic shunts were visualized in 20 of 21 patients with portal hypertension. Vena cava thrombosis (3 cases), compression (5 cases), and displacement (2 cases) were correctly demonstrated. In renal (n = 6) and adrenal gland (n = 3) tumors renal vein compression was correctly detected in 2 cases, displacement in 1 case, and thrombosis in 3 cases, with only 1 false-positive finding. In 7 patients with pancreatic tumors MRA demonstrated splenic vein thrombosis in 2 cases and compression in 2 cases, with one false-positive finding. Our results indicate that MRA provides precise information regarding venous vascular involvement in abdominal neoplasms, but preoperative arterial mapping is still problematic. Correspondence to: E. Squillaci     

经皮内镜微波热凝胆囊息肉切除术

目的 为胆囊息肉的治疗创建一种切除息肉保留胆囊的微创治疗新技术。方法 在硬膜外麻醉下经同轴导管法介入阻到胆囊内。镜视下微波电极加热凝固息肉蒂部,用活检钳切除息肉。８例病人胆囊内置管引流,３７例胆囊底戳孔一期关闭。术后采用Ｂ超或胆囊造影定期随访。结果 手术成功率１００％。术后恢复良好,无任何并发症。术后获得定期随访４０例（平均３．５年）所有病人无症状,未卢肉复发,胆囊功能良好。结论 该方法具有创伤小     

胆囊结石及胆囊癌病人ABO血型分布的研究

分析５２８例胆囊结石和６３例胆囊癌病人的ＡＢＯ血型分布情况,并与６００名健康献血员的血型分布做对比研究。结果表明：胆囊结石病人Ａ血型占３２．０％,Ｂ血型占２４．５％,Ｏ血型占３５．７％,ＡＢ血型占８．５％,与对照组引相比无显著尤其则胆囊多发性结石较多发生于Ａ血型病人;胆囊癌病人Ａ血型占４１．３％,Ｂ血占２７．０％,Ｏ血型占２３．８％,ＡＢ血型占７．９％,与对照组相比Ａ型血患胆囊癌的机会明显增加。提     

胆囊癌52例临床分析

目的研究提高胆囊癌疗效的途径。方法对１９８４～１９９５年间收治的５２例胆囊癌患者进行回顾性临床分析。结果５２例中,男８例,女４４例,男女之比为１∶５．５。５０岁以上者４４例,占８４．６％。合并慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石４４例,占８４．６％。术前影像学确诊者２０例,术中及术后病理确诊者３２例,其中７例术中漏诊,占２１．９％。５２例行探查手术,３６例切除病变胆囊,切除率６９．２％,其中行根治性切除７例,根治率１３．５％。本组总的５年存活率３．８％,约６０％的患者于术后１年后死亡。结论目前临床发现的胆囊癌极大部分属于中、晚期,疗效令人失望。提高疗效的途径在于早期发现和处理胆囊癌高危病变,预防胆囊癌形成。强调避免术中漏诊对预后的重要性。