腹腔镜Nissen和Toupet胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病的术后效果评价

目的探讨腹腔镜Nissen和Toupet胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病的疗效和术后并发症。 方法回顾性分析2014年7月至2016年7月,在中国医科大学附属盛京医院行腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术的57例食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病患者的临床资料,其中24例行Nissen胃底折叠术式(Nissen组),33例行Toupet胃底折叠术式(Toupet组)。观察并比较2组患者的术后抗反流效果及发生术后并发症情况。 结果57例均顺利完成腹腔镜下手术,无中转开腹,手术时间68～115 min,平均手术时间(75.8±6.4)min;术中出血量15～30 ml,平均出血量(22±5)ml;2组患者均使用补片行食管裂孔疝修补术;术后24 h进流食,术后平均住院日(10.5±3)d。2组患者手术时间,出血量,住院日无明显差别。57例患者均得到随访,随访时间为6个月至2.5年,平均随访时间为18个月。术后均未出现反酸,烧心等胃食管反流病典型症状,无复发病例。Nissen组术后有2例(8.2%)患者出现吞咽困难,Toupet组术后有8例(24.2%)出现吞咽困难,Toupet组术后并发症发生率明显高于Nissen组。术前伴有胃食管反流病的患者行胃镜检查均有不同程度的食管炎症,所有患者术后均复查胃镜、食管测压及食管24 h pH值监测。复查结果显示,2组患者术后较术前食管下括约肌压力均有明显改善,食管下括约肌长度也均明显延长。 结论腹腔镜下Nissen术式在术后出现吞咽困难发生率上少于Toupet术式,但2种术式抗反流效果无明显差异。     

腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝补片修补＋短松Nissen胃底折叠术在猪动物模型中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝补片修补＋短松Nissen胃底折叠术在猪动物模型中应用的必要性。 方法在猪动物模型中施行腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝补片修补术＋短松Nissen胃底折叠术,并在术中首次使用北京天助畅运医疗技术有限公司的多层复合修补网片及可吸收钉固定器。 结果术中未发生麻醉意外、二氧化碳气栓、食管穿孔、大出血导致失血性休克等严重并发症。手术过程中幼猪生命体征平稳,手术顺利完成。 结论建立腹腔镜手术猪动物模型很有必要;北京天助畅运医疗技术有限公司新开发的多层复合修补网片安全、可靠,并且弥补了不能提供符合人体生理特点的小面积补片的空缺;其可吸收钉固定器击发准确度高、使用流畅,能起到很好地固定修补材料的目的。     

经腹腔镜Nissen与Toupet胃底折叠术治疗GERD前瞻性随机对照研究的Meta分析

目的系统评价腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术(LNF)与腹腔镜Toupet胃底折叠术(LTF)治疗胃食管反流疾病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)的价值和意义。 方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆(2015年第二期);PubMed(1978～2016);Embase(1966.1～2016.5);CMB(1978.1～2016.5);VIP(1989.1～2016.5);CNKI(1989.1～2016.5);OVID(2006～2016.5)。查阅文章后所附的参考文献及手工检索相关杂志及会议论文集中未发表的文献。 结果纳入10个随机对照试验,共1 468例患者,试验组(LNF)769例,对照组(LTF)701例。结果显示LNF与LTF治疗GERD的疗效,手术时间差异无统计学意义(P＝0.09);术后6个月和1年吞咽困难、胃灼热、腹胀、胸痛发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后DeMeester评分差异有统计学意义(P＝0.007);术后6个月和2年食管反流发生率差异无统计学意义(P＝0.77)。 结论现有有限证据表明如果把握好手术适应症,运用LNF较LTF治疗GERD并不缩短手术时间,术后6个月、1年吞咽困难、胃灼热、腹胀、胸痛发生率和2年食管反流病的复发率无明显差异。术后DeMeester评分LNF组明显低于LTF组,但反流症状无明显差异。     

Gastroesophageal reflux disease: A review of surgical decision making

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a very common disorder with increasing prevalence. It is estimated that up to 20%-25% of Americans experience symptoms of GERD weekly. Excessive reflux of acidic often with alkaline bile salt gastric and duodenal contents results in a multitude of symptoms for the patient including heartburn, regurgitation, cough, and dysphagia. There are also associated complications of GERD including erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, stricture and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. While first line treatments for GERD involve mainly lifestyle and non-surgical therapies, surgical interventions have proven to be effective in appropriate circumstances. Anti-reflux operations are aimed at creating an effective barrier to reflux at the gastroesophageal junction and thus attempt to improve physiologic and mechanical issues that may be involved in the pathogenesis of GERD. The decision for surgical intervention in the treatment of GERD, moreover, requires an objective confirmation of the diagnosis. Confirmation is achieved using various preoperative evaluations including: ambulatory p H monitoring, esophageal manometry, upper endoscopy(esophagogastroduodenoscopy) and barium swallow. Upon confirmation of the diagnosis and with appropriate patient criteria met, an antireflux operation is a good alternative to prolonged medical therapy. Currently, minimally invasive gastroesophageal fundoplication is the gold standard for surgical intervention of GERD. Our review outlines the many factors that are involved in surgical decisionmaking. We will review the prominent features that reflect appropriate anti-reflux surgery and present suggestions that are pertinent to surgical practices, based on evidence-based studies.     

Robotic fundoplication in children

Since January 2006, robotic assistance has been used for performing minimal invasive laparoscopic fundoplications in children. These patients were compared with those operated on with either the open surgical technique or the laparoscopic procedure. The first six children operated on with a fundoplication using the operation robot, da Vinci Surgical System from Intuitive Surgical, were included prospectively. As controls, data from the latest six children operated on using the open surgical procedure and the latest six children operated on using the minimal invasive laparoscopic technique were selected retrospectively. All the patients were operated on due to gastroesophageal reflux and were comparable in the De Meester score. The main outcome measures were the operating time, the use of postoperative analgesics, the duration of the postoperative hospital stay and the short-term outcome. There was no significant difference between the three groups concerning age, body weight and preoperative 24 h pH measurement. The mean operating time for the robotic group, 213 min, was the longer one, but the operating time for the latest four patients in the robotic group was similar to that for the laparoscopic group, 189 min. The postoperative hospital stay was shorter and a reduction in the use of analgesics postoperatively was noted. The reduction in the postoperative hospital stay and in the use of analgesics had been already noted with the introduction of the minimal invasive laparoscopic technique. There was no difference in short-term clinical outcome; the gastroesophageal reflux symptoms disappeared in all the patients. Robot-assisted laparoscopic fundoplication is comparable with the standard laparoscopic surgical procedure in terms of duration of operation, postoperative hospital stay, use of postoperative analgesics and short-term clinical outcome. The robotic surgery adds qualities to the surgical work when compared with open or laparoscopic surgery. These include better visualisation for the surgeon and greater precision in the movements of the instruments used.     

Long-term results and quality of life after surgery for oesophageal achalasia: one surgeon''s experience

Objective: To assess the long-term results and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing surgery for oesophageal achalasia. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with achalasia (25 males, mean age 42±13 years) underwent open-Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication by the same surgeon. Long-term results were assessed by imaging, endoscopy, manometry, pH-metry, and Short Form 36 and Nottingham Health Profile questionnaires whenever applicable. Six patients were at radiological stage I, 20 were at stage II, 2 at stage III and 11 at stage IV. Dysphagia and regurgitation were scored according to the four-grade classification (1=no symptoms; 4=persistent symptoms). Pulmonary symptoms were present in six patients. Lower oesophageal pressure was 30±34 mmHg. Six patients had undergone previous pneumatodilation. Results: No procedure related mortality was recorded. Mean follow-up was 107±30 months (54–177). Preoperative to 5-year postoperative mean decrement in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was 12.3±8.3 mmHg (P<0.001), in oesophageal width was 11.5±7.1 mm (P<0.001), in dysphagia 1.8±0.8 (P<0.01) and regurgitation 1.4±0.7 (P<0.01). Four patients presented relapse dysphagia and two of those were re-operated upon. Three patients developed acid reflux, which was satisfactorily treated with proton-pump inhibitors. Preoperative to 4-year postoperative quality of life scores were available for 20 patients. Questionnaires showed a significant improvement (P<0.001) especially in all psychosocial domains, which were correlated with postoperative dysphagia score and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. Conclusion: Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication is a safe and effective procedure that improves symptoms, functional status and especially psychosocial aspect of quality of life in the long term in oesophageal achalasia.     

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in children under 2 years of age

Background: Antireflux operations have been recommended for infants and children suffering from complications related to gastroesophageal reflux (GER). In recent years, the laparoscopic approach has been used increasingly for antireflux surgery in adult patients. This is our initial experience with Nissen fundoplication in infants and children under 2 years of age. Patients: We operated on 11 patients weighing between 3.0 and 10.0 kg. The main indications for surgery were GER-induced aspiration pneumonia and failure to thrive, in spite of intensive conservative treatment. All patients except one had an associated neurological abnormality, including six patients with familial dysautonomia. Results: All attempted operations were completed successfully laparoscopically, with only a few postoperative complications and acceptable short-term results. The clinical considerations and technical aspects unique to this specific group of patients are discussed. Conclusion: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is feasible, safe, and effective, even in very small babies. Received: 16 April 1997/Accepted: 30 June 1997     

高分辨率食管测压技术在腹腔镜治疗食管裂孔疝中的应用

目的探讨高分辨率食管测压（HRM）技术在腹腔镜治疗食管裂孔疝中的作用，为食管裂孔疝的诊断及手术提供临床依据。 方法回顾性分析2016年4月至2018年10月，首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院行胃镜及HRM检查，确诊为食管裂孔疝并收住疝和壁外科的67例患者的临床资料，计算胃镜及HRM检查食管裂孔疝的确诊率，分析手术情况，总结HRM技术在腹腔镜治疗食管裂孔疝手术中的地位及作用。 结果HRM的检出率80.59%（54/67），特异性为100%（54/54）；胃镜确诊为52.24%（35/67）；其中由胃镜和HRM均确诊35例患者，约占64.81%（35/54），HRM技术的检出率明显高于胃镜；其中48例行腹腔镜治疗食管裂孔疝修补术治疗，7例患者及家属放弃手术选择内科保守治疗，12例合并其他基础疾病，保守或择期手术。 结论HRM技术能够准确、直观的描述食管裂孔疝患者胃食管压力差，确诊率高，能够有效的指导手术方案。     

The experimental evaluation of the effects of display size on forceps manipulation and eye and head movement of endoscopic surgery using a pediatric laparoscopic fundoplication simulator

BackgroundThe size of the display used for endoscopic surgery has been increasing recently, but the effect of the display size on procedure outcomes is unclear. The present study clarified the effect of display size on the outcomes of endoscopic surgical procedures.MethodsEight pediatric surgeons performed the laparoscopic fundoplication task using a disease-specific laparoscopic simulator with 3 different display sizes (43, 32, and 24 inches). The movement of the forceps during the task was measured using an electromagnetic spatial three-dimensional position-measuring instrument. The movements of the eyes and head during the task were also measured using glasses-style smart eyewear. We assessed the time required to complete the task, total path length of forceps, average velocity of forceps, number of blinks, number and strength of eye movements, and head tilt of participants during the task.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the required time, total path length, average velocity, number of blinks, number and strength of eye movements, or head tilt among the three display sizes. After the task, participants were asked which display felt the easiest to use. Four participants (50%) answered that the 32-inch display was easiest to use.ConclusionThis study showed that display size differences did not influence endoscopic surgical procedures. However, 50% of participants felt that the task was easiest using the middle display size. There may be an optimal monitor size for a given procedure.Level of evidenceLevel II.