胸腰椎骨折脱位157例临床分析

本文报告157例胸腰椎骨折脱位病人,非手术治疗36例,手术治疗116例。作者对临床治疗中的有关问题进行了讨论。     

口腔颌面部损伤136例分析

本文对136例口腔颌面部损伤的伤因,颌骨骨折、牙损伤及软组织损伤等情况进行了分析。讨论了口腔颌面外伤的特点、急救处理、及骨折线上牙齿的处理等问题。强调对颌面外伤的处理必须注重整体观念。     

动态MRI对臂丛根性损伤和颈髓损伤的鉴别诊断意义

目的探讨动态MRI诊断臂丛神经根性损伤的影像学表现及其诊断价值，以及在与颈髓损伤的鉴别诊断中的临床意义。方法对8例臂丛神经根性损伤患者行动态MRI检查，结合CT薄层扫描和肌电图随访；所有8例患者均手术证实为臂丛根性损伤。结果本组患者在伤后早期1～2d内均无位于椎间孔及椎间孔外的创伤性脊膜囊肿、神经根断裂等支持臂丛根性损伤的MRI异常表现；4例患者有颈椎骨折或颈髓损伤的MRI表现。伤后7～15d（平均10d）后，再次行颈椎MRI检查，出现典型的MRI臂丛根性损伤表现：椎间孔及椎孔外臂丛神经走行处T2WI高信号的创伤性脊膜囊肿、脊髓移位和神经根缺失及走行异常等。结论动态MRI检查对臂丛根性神经损伤具有损伤节段定位准确、椎管外部分同样能够显示、无创、操作简单、准确性高等特点；其短期内特征性的动态变化易于诊断臂丛根性损伤，同时又能与颈髓损伤相鉴别。     

INGUINAL SURGERY IN ATHLETES WITH CHRONIC GROIN PAIN: THE ‘SPORTSMAN'S’ HERNIA

Book reviews in this article: Fifty athletes with chronic undiagnosed groin pain underwent surgical exploration and inguinal hernia repair. Six months later, all athletes were sent questionnaires to assess their return to sport, level of pain (using analogue pain scores) and the overall result of their surgery. Operative findings revealed a significant bulge in the posterior inguinal wall in 40 athletes. Forty-four athletes (88%) replied to the questionnaire. Forty-one athletes (93% of respondents) had returned to normal activities. Pain scores indicated a marked improvement in their level of pain (P < 0.001). Thirty-three athletes (75%) rated the result as good and 10 (23%) as improved. It is concluded that athletes with chronic groin pain who are unable to compete in active sport should be considered for routine inguinal hernia repair if no other pathology is evident after clinical examination and investigation.     

Radical forequarter amputation with hemithoracectomy and free extended forearm flap: Technical and physiologic considerations

Background: A radical forequarter amputation with partial chest wall resection (one to four ribs) has been reported for benign and malignant lesions involving the shoulder and chest wall region. Concerns about reconstruction and postoperative pulmonary function have previously limited more extensive chest wall resections. The current report describes the first case in which a complete unilateral anterior and posterior chest wall resection and pneumonectomy (hemithoracectomy) accompany a forequarter amputation. A novel reconstructive technique used the full circumference of the forearm tissue with an intact ulna as a free osseomyocutaneous flap. Methods: In this case, a 21-year-old patient presented with an extensive recurrent desmoid tumor that involved the shoulder, brachial plexus, subclavian vein, and chest wall from the lateral sternal border to the midportion of the scapula and down to the eighth rib. The operative technique involved removal of the entire right hemithorax from the midline sternum to the transverse process posteriorly, down to the ninth rib inferiorly. Due to the absence of a rigid hemithorax, the uninvolved ipsilateral lung was also removed. The forearm flap was prepared before final separation of the specimen and division of the subclavian vessels. Results: Postoperatively, the patient maintained excellent oxygenation without atelectasis or fever and was extubated on the 15th postoperative day. As expected after pneumonectomy, significant decreases from preoperative to immediate postoperative values were noted for the vital capacity (VC) (from 4.87 L to 1.29 L), forced 1-s expiratory volume (FEV1) (from 3.77 L to 1.02 L), and inspiratory capacity (IC) (3.33 1 to 0.99 1). Rehabilitation included a specially designed external prosthesis to provide cosmesis and prevent scoliosis. By the 15th postoperative week the patient had returned to normal social and physical activities, with a gradual improvement in all respiratory parameters: VC 1.52 L, FEV1 1.29 L, IC 1.04 L. There has been no evidence of tumor recurrence at 1 year. Conclusions: This report provides evidence that a complete hemithoracectomy, pneumonectomy, and forequarter amputation can be safely performed for selective tumors involving the shoulder region with extensive chest wall invasion. Reconstruction may be achieved with an extended forearm osseomyocutaneous free flap with an excellent functional outcome. Presented at the 46th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, California, March 18–21, 1993.     

MEDIAN NERVE INJURY AND THE TRANSVERSE WRIST CREASE INCISION IN OPEN CARPAL TUNNEL RELEASE

The author has recently had referred to him three patients with median nerve injuries who have had open carpal tunnel decompression via a small transverse wrist incision. Despite previous adverse reports, some surgeons persist with this technique.     

胫骨平台骨折合并软组织损伤的临床分析与治疗

目的:总结分析各种胫骨平台骨折合并不同类型软组织损伤中的相互关系,探索其诊断与治疗策略。方法:自1995年10月至2004年1月共治疗胫骨平台骨折合并软组织损伤143例。所有病例均行开放复位内固定,对不同类型软组织损伤同时采取相应的处理方法。结果:术后随访129例,随访时间6到27个月,平均16个月;骨折均于12周内愈合,所有患者均恢复了患肢的正常力线,患肢稳定。结论:胫骨平台骨折合并软组织损伤的诊断必须早期、全面、详细、明确,坚强的内固定基础上,对不同类型的软组织损伤必须正确处理,术后应注意被动伸膝及CPM功能锻炼,这样才能最大程度挽救膝关节功能,减少晚期并发症。     

手部爆炸伤的临床分型与治疗

目的探讨手部爆炸伤新的临床分型以指导治疗、提高疗效。方法1997～2004年收治106例手部爆炸伤,按爆炸伤的严重程度和伤情特点将其划分四型：Ⅰ型：仅有皮肤灼伤、挫裂伤或手部的小面积皮肤缺损,治疗选用清创缝合或植皮修复;Ⅱ型：手部皮肤软组织缺损合并肌腱或骨关节损伤,但无手指血运障碍,治疗选用骨与关节复位固定、肌腱修复的同时必须采用皮瓣覆盖;Ⅲ型：手部广泛皮肤软组织缺损,伴有肌腱、血管、神经及骨关节损伤,手指缺血、离断或缺失,治疗必须应用显微外科技术实施血管吻合、断指再植或拇手指再造和皮瓣移植;Ⅳ型：手广泛毁损,治疗选择截肢术。结果本组Ⅰ型12例,手功能恢复正常;Ⅱ型31例,手功能恢复较好,14例遗留皮瓣臃肿或肌腱粘连,需二期治疗。Ⅲ型57例,无1例截肢,45例进行了二期功能重建手术,手功能恢复达正常的30%～80%不等;Ⅳ型6例,手功能完全丧失。结论该分型方法简明具体,便于临床判断受伤类型和选择治疗方法,并可估计愈合,对临床处理手部爆炸伤具有较好的指导意义。     

Long-term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing War-related Amputations of the Foot and Ankle

Long-term clinical and functional outcomes for patients undergoing foot and ankle amputations are not well documented. We attempted to document long-term outcomes for patients who required lower extremity amputations as a result of wounds suffered during wartime. For this study, 27 Iranian soldiers who had wounds requiring amputation of the foot and ankle were selected for follow-up. The participants' wartime medical records were reviewed, a clinical examination was performed, and each participant completed a questionnaire. Postamputation follow-up averaged 17.5 years. The most prevalent (66.6%) cause of injury was a land mine. The prevalences of different clinical symptoms reported by the amputees at the time of the last follow-up were as follows: 11 (40.7%) with phantom sensation, 6 (22.2%) with phantom pain, 12 (44.4%) with stump pain, 12 (44.4%) with back pain, 9 (33.3%) with contralateral knee pain, and 4 (14.8%) with ipsilateral knee pain; 20 (74%) reported treatment for psychological conditions. In regard to social conditions, 13 (48.1) were currently employed, or had been employed, for a number of years after the amputation; 26 (96%) had children, and all of the patients were married. The results of this observational study indicate that individuals have significant long-term pain and discomfort after war-related lower extremity amputation. Although all 27 (100%) of the amputees were able to maintain satisfactory family functioning, only 13 (48.1%) of the study participants were able to remain productively employed after undergoing amputation, and 20 (74%) reported long-term psychological problems in addition to their physical pain.