成人单纯Arnold-Chiari畸形颅颈交界区CT参数测量

目的探讨不合并颅底凹陷的单纯Arnold-Chiari畸形(Arnold-Chiari malformation,ACM)颅颈交界区CT参数的变化。方法对40例成人单纯ACM和20例正常成人对照组头颈CT原始数据行正中矢状位重建,研究颅颈交界区CT线性及角度参数的变化。结果单纯ACM患者的斜坡长[(40.66±3.11)mm vs(43.44±3.34)mm,P<0.01]、齿突Chamberlain线间距[(1.23±2.41)mm vs.(1.25±2.29)mm,P<(0.001)]、齿突McRae线间距[(4.04±1.39)mm vs.(4.95±1.29)mm,P(<0.05)]、斜坡椎管角(147.93°±7.84°vs.157.33°±8.51°,P<0.001)、减压枕骨角(139.11°±10.14°vs.144.49°±8.03°,P<0.05)明显小于对照组,而斜坡McRae线角(130.82°±7.85°vs.124.60°±7.35°,P<0.01)、减压枕骨椎管角(127.71°±11.75°vs.118.86°±11.33±,P<0.01)明显大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。结论成人单纯ACM斜坡长度较正常人明显缩短,枕骨大孔区附近枕骨倾斜角度明显增加。     

微创经肌间隙入路椎间孔椎体间融合术治疗下腰椎退变性疾病的评价

目的　报道经多裂肌间隙入路椎间孔椎间融合术治疗下腰椎退变性疾患的临床效果。 方法　2010年4月至2012年4月对27例患者经多裂肌间隙入路椎间孔椎间融合术治疗下腰椎退变性疾病。其中男性12例,女性15例,年龄58.2岁（46~74岁）。极外侧型椎间盘突出7例,椎间盘开窗摘除术后复发3例,退变性腰椎不稳17例。 结果　切口长度4.2 cm（4.0~4.5 cm）,手术时间90 min（70~160 min）,术中出血量130 ml（90~2500 ml）。随访8～20个月,无严重并发症,27例均获骨性融合。末次随访时患者VAS腿痛评分从术前平均(7.4±1.1)分降至(2.4±1.3)分,VAS腰痛评分从术前平均(6.7±1.3)分降至(1.8±1.5)分。临床疗效评定：优22例,良3例,可2例,优良率92.6%。 结论　经多裂肌间隙入路椎间孔椎间融合术具有创伤小、时间短、出血少、并发症少、疗效确切等优点,在合理选择适应证的情况下是一种理想的下腰椎融合方法。     

电磁导航卵圆孔穿刺术的实验研究

目的:评价应用surgView-RFT电磁导航系统进行卵圆孔穿刺的准确性及对临床的指导意义.方法: 3 名初学者分别对3 个尸头的双侧卵圆孔进行盲穿和电磁导航辅助穿刺各5 次,以CT扫描结果作为金标准,测量穿刺针尖与卵圆孔前缘的距离,采用SAS 6.12统计软件的t检验和方差分析进行分析.结果: 3 名实验者盲穿均未进入卵圆孔,针尖与卵圆孔前缘平均间距8～10.6 mm;电磁导航辅助穿刺均进入卵圆孔,针尖与卵圆孔前缘平均间距2.68～3.54 mm,与CT比较误差0.59 mm,差异无显著性;盲穿与导航辅助穿刺差异存在显著性.结论:surgView-RFT电磁导航系统操作简便省时,可提高穿刺准确性,有助于避免重复穿刺和减少创伤.     

枕骨大孔区病变与运动诱发电位的研究

目的：了解枕骨大孔区病变运动诱发电位表现，方法；对经核磁共振（ＭＲＩ）证实的５１例枕骨大孔区病变患者，进行了电刺激运动诱发电位（ＭＥＰ）测试。结果：枕骨大孔区病变患者ＭＥＰ异常率为９４．１％，表现为潜伏期延长，中枢运动的传导时间（ＣＭＣＴ）延长，波幅降低，枕骨大孔区肿瘤中，颈延型肿瘤的ＭＥＰ异常较延颈型肿瘤的ＭＥＰ异常更显著，腹侧肿瘤的ＭＥＰ异常较侧后方的ＭＥＰ异常更显著。结论：ＭＥＰ改变较临床评     

枕下远外侧入路的显微解剖及临床应用

目的：研究枕下远外侧入路的显微解剖，并用以指导临床工作。方法：对14具甲醛固定的成人湿性头颅标本进行枕下远外侧入路的显微解剖，并对12例下斜坡及枕骨大孔前方脑干腹侧肿瘤患者进行手术切除。结果：寰椎横突及枕下三角是枕下远外侧入路中的重要解剖标志，磨除枕髁、颈静脉结节能增加术野的暴露。本组12例肿瘤患者中全切除9例，次全切除3例，无手术死亡。结论：研究枕下远外侧入路的显微解剖，有助于安全切除下斜坡和枕骨大孔腹侧肿瘤。     

Post-op systemic hypertensive crises in an infant with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Systemic hypertension is not usually a complication following repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). We report an infant with supracardiac TAPVC with hypertensive crises post-operatively resulting in pulmonary edema. We feel this might have been related to the pre-operative hemodynamics as described. Beta-blockers improved the hypertensive crises.     

Diffusion‐weighted imaging findings differ between stroke attributable to spontaneous cervical artery dissection and patent foramen ovale

Background and purpose: Spontaneous cervical arterial dissection and patent foramen ovale (PFO) are important causes of stroke in younger patients. We tested whether characteristics of cerebral ischaemia visible on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) aid in differentiating between these two aetiologies. Methods: Diffusion‐weighted imaging was performed after a median of 2 days [interquartile range (IQR) 1–3 days] in 94 consecutive patients with an acute ischaemic stroke caused either by carotid or vertebral artery dissection (n = 33) or PFO (n = 61). We compared number, size, location and predefined patterns of DWI lesions between both aetiologies. Results: Ninety‐three out of 94 patients had acute DWI lesions and were included in the analysis. Multiple DWI lesions occurred more frequently in patients with dissection (23/33, 70%) than in those with PFO (26/60, 43%, P = 0.02). Lesions were larger in the dissection group [median diameter of largest lesion, 50 mm (IQR 19–68 mm)] than in the PFO group [23 (9–48) mm; P = 0.02]. The distribution of lesion patterns differed between the two aetiologies (P < 0.001): single, non‐territorial infarcts were more frequent in PFO (25/60, 42%) than in dissection (2/33, 6%); large territorial infarcts with or without additional smaller lesions in the same territory occurred in 20/33 (61%) patients with dissection and in 16/60 (27%) patients with PFO. Conclusions: Diffusion‐weighted imaging characteristics differ between PFO and dissection, suggesting differences in the pathogenesis of brain infarction between these aetiologies. A single non‐territorial infarct seems to favour PFO as stroke aetiology. Whether this or other features are distinctive enough to diagnose PFO or dissection in individual patients requires further testing.     

Patent foramen ovale

Patent foramen ovale is incriminated in patients with cryptogenic stroke; however, concrete evidence that closure of patent foramen ovale using various devices is superior to continued medical therapy is not yet available. Controlled randomized trials are well underway to address this issue.