通脉养心丸中心肌保护活性物质的筛选

目的基于细胞模型以及高效液相色谱—质谱联用技术对通脉养心丸中心肌保护活性物质进行筛选研究。方法利用高效液相制备技术对通脉养心丸进行制备分离,然后采用过氧化氢氧化损伤H9c2大鼠心肌细胞模型对通脉养心丸活性组分进行筛选。利用高效液相色谱—质谱联用技术对活性组分进行分析,通过查阅文献和根据化合物裂解规律,鉴定推断出可能的活性化合物。结果发现通脉养心丸中10个组分具有明显的心肌保护活性,考察了其中5个组分的半数有效浓度并发现其呈现良好的量效关系。从这5个组分中推断出11个可能的活性化合物,包含甘草酸、甘草香豆素、甘草利酮、Glyasperin A等。结论筛选出通脉养心丸中心肌保护活性物质,有望为中药复方制剂活性物质筛选研究提供借鉴。     

Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity of the extract from Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn)

Gastric hyperacidity, gastro inflammation and ulcer are very common diseases causing human suffering these days. Gastric irritation mechanism is still very poorly understood as mentioned in many scientific articles. Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn) is considered a medicinal plant with its prospective potent flavonoids. GC–MS spectrum has found three flavone structures (2-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone derivatives) with rate more than 50% in the ethanolic plant extract. In rat experiment, ethanolic A. maurorum extract (oral daily 100 mg/kg body weight) and ranitidine the standard ulcer drug (oral daily 100 mg/kg body weight) were treated rats to protect against administration of aspirin ASP (oral 200 mg/kg body weight) for two times through the 10 days. Some rats were sacrificed after first and second aspirin administrations and the rest were sacrificed in the end of the experiment. Gastro fluid volume has been decreased in ASP group, and acid output was decreased for plant extract followed by ranitidine. Ranitidine and plant extract protect liver enzymes, oxidation status (MDA and GSH), fucosidase tumor marker and risk lipid ratio. No ulcer patterns have been shown in the histopathological study, but some inflammation in the gastric wall and vascular change dilatation of blood vessels were detected. More studies should be demonstrated potent natural plant extracts and their active components against gastro inflammation and ulcers.     

Pharmacological basis for use of Lychnophora trichocarpha in gouty arthritis: anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects of its extract, fraction and constituents

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The ethanolic extract of Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng. is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat bruise, pain and inflammatory diseases.

Aim of the study

The present study aimed at investigating whether ethanolic extract of L. trichocarpha, its ethyl acetate fraction and its main bioactive compounds could be useful to treat gouty arthritis by countering hyperuricemia and inflammation.

Materials and methods

L. trichocarpha ethanolic extract (LTE), ethyl acetate fraction from ethanolic extract (LTA) and isolated compounds were evaluated for urate-lowering activity and liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition in oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice. Anti-inflammatory activity in monosodium urate crystal-induced paw oedema, an experimental model of gouty arthritis, was also investigated.

Results

Crude ethanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction showed significant urate-lowering effects. LTE was also able to significantly inhibit liver xantine oxidase (XOD) activity in vivo at the dose of 250 mg/kg. Luteolin, apigenin, lupeol, lychnopholide and eremantholide C showed the anti-hyperuricemic activities among tested compounds. Apigenin also showed XOD inhibitory activity in vivo. Luteolin, lychnopholide, lupeol and eremantholide C, in turn, did not shown significant inhibitory activity towards this enzyme, indicating that this mechanism is not likely to be involved in urate-lowering effects of those compounds. LTE, LTA, lupeol, β-sitosterol, lychnopholide, eremantholide, luteolin and apigenin were also found to inhibit monosodium urate crystals-induced paw oedema in mice.

Conclusions

Ethanolic extract of Lychnophora trichocarpha and some of its bioactive compounds may be promising agents for the treatment of gouty arthritis since they possesses both anti-hiperuricemic and anti-inflammatory properties.     

银杏叶中有效成分的提取及鉴定

目的：研究银杏叶有效成分的提取方法。方法：采用正交试验研究提取的最佳条件。提取的银杏叶浸膏,用薄层色谱法及紫外光谱法分离鉴定。结果：薄层色谱法分离所提取的银杏双黄酮的Rf值与日本资料报导的相一致;再经对光谱鉴定其浸膏中的银杏双黄酮类与银杏叶制品天力晶相一致,结论：根据研究的最佳提取条件能有效地提取出争杏叶中的银杏双黄酮类物质。     

中药复方二仙汤活性成分提取方法的研究

目的探讨二仙汤中活性成分的提取方法。方法以知母黄酮和皂苷含量之和为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察不同因素和水平对二仙汤活性成分提取效果的影响。结果就二仙汤中的知母黄酮和皂苷类成分而言,最佳提取条件为12倍量50%乙醇提取3次,每次1.5小时。结论该方法合理、简单、可行,可为二仙汤活性成分的提取提供依据。     

石荠芋总黄酮抗炎作用及其机制研究

目的观察石荠荸总黄酮抗炎作用并对其机制进行初步研究。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀，冰醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加，角叉菜胶致小鼠足跖肿胀及大鼠气囊炎等炎症模型，观察石荠芋总黄酮对不同炎症模型的抗炎作用，并测定蛋白质、前列腺素E2（PGE2），一氧化氮（NO），丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果石荠芋总黄酮能显著降低小鼠毛细血管通透性，抑制小鼠二甲苯致耳肿胀，减轻小鼠足跖肿胀，降低炎症组织PGE2含量，抑制角叉菜胶致大鼠气囊炎模型中渗出液总蛋白质含量，降低血浆NO，MDA含量，增强血浆SOD活性。结论石荠荸总黄酮具有明显的抗炎作用，其抗炎作用可能与其降低血管通透性、抑制PGE2，NO等炎症介质生成及增强清除氧自由基、抗脂质过氧化能力有关。     

木芙蓉叶有效组分抗非特异性炎症的实验研究

目的观察木芙蓉叶有效组分(MFR-C)的抗非特异性炎症作用.方法通过大鼠鹿角菜致肿实验、大鼠蛋清致肿实验、小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性实验和小鼠耳肿胀实验,对木芙蓉叶有效组分抗非特异性炎症的作用进行评定.结果 MFR-C和盐酸青藤碱对鹿角菜及蛋清所致的大鼠足肿胀具有良好的抑制作用,与空白对照组相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05);与空白组相比,MFR-C对乙酸引起的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性也具有良好的抑制作用,两者之间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);小鼠耳肿胀实验显示MFR-C有抑制二甲苯造成的非特异性耳肿胀作用,与空白组相比P＜0.05,与阳性对照组(盐酸青藤碱)相比有同样的抗炎消肿作用.结论木芙蓉叶有效组分(MFR-C)对鹿角菜、蛋清、乙酸及二甲苯引起的非特异性炎症具有良好的抑制作用.     

灯盏花对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏保护作用的实验研究

目的 :观察蛋白激酶 C ( PKC)抑制剂——灯盏花对自发性高血压大鼠 ( SHR)肾脏的保护作用。方法 :将 12只 10月龄 SHR随机分为灯盏花 ( SHRD)和生理盐水 ( SHRC)组 ,均以 10 m g/ ( kg· d)腹腔内注射 ,连续8周。测定血压、心率 ,用光镜、电镜观察肾脏结构改变。图像分析仪计算肾小球间质胶原面积、含量。结果 :SHRD组肾脏组织结构均有明显改善 ,肾小球面积校正后的胶原面积 ( GCA/ GA) ,SHRD 组较 SHRC 组降低 14 .87%〔( 14 .66± 1.74 ) % vs( 17.2 2± 2 .0 1) % ,差异有显著性意义 ( P <0 .0 5 )〕。结论 :SHRD 能在降低 SHR血压的同时延缓肾小球硬化发展的作用     

5种黄酮类化合物对凋亡心肌细胞Bcl-2家族蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察5种黄酮类化合物芦丁(RU)、二氢杨梅素(DMY)、陈皮素(HP)、大豆黄素(DA)、红花黄色素A(HYSA)对H2O2诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的作用,探讨其与克山病的关系及可能的作用机制.方法 培养新生Wistar仔鼠心肌细胞,分为对照组、模型组、药物孵育组,用荧光染色法观察心肌细胞凋亡情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,Western blot法观察凋亡相关基因Bcl-2家族蛋白表达.结果 与模型组[(24.33±6.51)%]比较,RU[(13.95±3.80)%]、DA[(11.82±3.50)%]、HYSA[(12.33±3.78)%]能有效降低心肌细胞凋亡率(P＜0.05).5种黄酮类化合物能不同程度地上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达,使Bcl-2/Bax比值增力口[RU(0.989±0.094)、DMY(0.931±0.280)、HP(0.980±0.095)、DA(1.049±0.092)、HYSA(1.031±0.039)],与模型组(0.490±0.046)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而Bcl-xl表达无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 RU、DMY、HP、DA、HYSA可以通过Bcl-2、Bax途径调节细胞凋亡过程,发挥抗氧化作用,抑制细胞凋亡,为克山病防治提供了一种思路.     

麦胚提取物对去卵巢大鼠血脂和碱性磷酸酶的影响

目的探讨麦胚提取物对去卵巢大鼠的血脂和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的影响。方法将21只雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组、去卵巢模型组、去卵巢加麦胚提取物组,饲养10周后测定大鼠血清中的血脂和ALP含量。结果与假手术组相比,去卵巢模型组大鼠饲养10周后的血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)和ALP显著增高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量下降;去卵巢加麦胚提取物组大鼠血清中TC、TG和ALP含量显著低于单纯去卵巢组,HDL-C显著高于单纯去卵巢组。去卵巢加麦胚提取物组与假手术组相比差异无统计学意义。结论麦胚提取物可降低去卵巢大鼠TC、TG和ALP含量,升高HDL-C含量;可能有助于预防高脂血症和骨质疏松症的防治。