DTI在脑梗死患者住院治疗前后的应用研究

目的分析磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)与脑梗死患者住院前后临床评分的关系,评价DTI在判断脑梗死患者预后中的价值。方法对23例脑梗死患者(发病时间为2-7天)在住院治疗前后进行两次DTI扫描,经后处理获得各向异性分数(Farctional anisotropy,FA值)并计算出相对FA值(rFA值),rFA值为病灶侧FA值与对侧正常区FA值的比值;通过弥散张量纤维束成像(DTT)重建双侧皮质脊髓束。根据病灶与皮质脊髓束的关系,将23例患者分为A、B两组,并在两次行DTI检查前施用美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分和简化Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表(Fugl-Meyermotor assessment,FMA)。然后将治疗前后rFA值的变化与NIHSS评分及FM评分的变化进行相关性研究。结果 23例患者治疗前梗死灶FA值均低于对侧镜像区FA值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后rFA值均低于治疗前rFA值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且住院治疗前后患者rFA值下降的差值与NIHSS评分减少的差值及FM评分增加的差值之间均呈负相关(r=-0.685,P<0.01)、(r=-0.50,P=0.015)。根据病变与皮质脊髓束的关系,将患者分为两组,A组:皮质脊髓束分级为2级,12例;B组:皮质脊髓束分级为3级,11例。对本研究住院期间A组和B组患者运动功能评分增加的差值进行相关性分析,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论通过对病灶侧与对侧正常侧rFA值的测量及相关研究,可以判断脊髓纤维束的变性程度,并可判断疗效及评估患者的临床预后。     

Tenax Fiber White玻璃纤维桩修复前牙残根残冠

目的 评价Tenax Fiber White玻璃纤维桩加全瓷冠修复前牙残根残冠的临床效果.方法 对42例64颗已行完善根管治疗的前牙残根残冠进行玻璃纤维桩核加全瓷冠修复.按照牙体预备后余留牙本质高度分为3组,A组余留牙体高度大于等于2 mm,B组高度小于2 mm并大于或等于1mm,C组高度小于1 mm.治疗完成后1、6、12、24个月复查,评价修复体完整性,边缘适合度,牙周组织健康状况及根尖周健康状况等疗效.结果 95.3%的修复体保持完整.有2例修复体发生桩脱位,其中1例伴有崩瓷,为咬硬物所致,1例根管粗大.另有1例发生纤维桩折断,牙龈充血.余留牙体在0～1 mm组无箍效应,修复失败率增加(P<0.05).全瓷冠类型无明显影响.其他所有修复体边缘适合性良好,色泽稳定,牙龈状况良好.X线片未见根尖异常,未见根折或桩折.结论 纤维桩全瓷冠修复效果除了与牙本质肩领高度有关,还与余留牙本质的性状有关,临床选择应综合考虑.在符合适应证的情况下,Tenax Fiber White玻璃纤维桩和全瓷冠修复可获得良好修复效果.     

Comparative evaluation of effects of different surface treatment methods on bond strength between fiber post and composite core

PURPOSE

Debonding of a composite resin core of the fiber post often occurs at the interface between these two materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different surface treatment methods on bond strength between fiber posts and composite core.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sixty-four fiber posts were picked in two groups (Hetco and Exacto). Each group was further divided into four subgroups using different surface treatments: 1) silanization; 2) sandblasting; 3) Treatment with 24% H₂O₂, and 4) no treatment (control group). A cylindrical plexiglass matrix was placed around the post and filled with the core resin composite. Specimens were stored in 5000 thermal cycles between 5℃ and 55℃. Tensile bond strength (TBS) test and evaluation using stereomicroscope were performed on the specimen and the data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Post Hoc Scheffe tests and Fisher''s Exact Test (α=.05).

RESULTS

There was a significant difference between the effect of different surface treatments on TBS (P<.001) but different brands of post (P=.743) and interaction between the brand of post and surface treatment (P=.922) had no significant effect on TBS. Both silanization and sandblasting improved the bonding strength of fiber posts to composite resin core, but there were not any significant differences between these groups and control group.

CONCLUSION

There was not any significant difference between two brands of fiber posts that had been used in this study. Although silanization and sandblasting can improve the TBS, there was not any significant differences between surface treatments used.     

纤维桩和金属铸造桩修复疗效的回顾性比较

目的比较纤维桩和金属铸造桩在前牙和前磨牙残冠残根修复中的临床疗效。方法选择2009年至2010年我科门诊治疗中因残冠残根而行桩核冠修复的196例(262颗患牙)病例,以纤维桩作冠修复,门诊随访24个月,并与我科2007年至2008年211例(278颗患牙)对金属铸造桩作冠修复的研究结果作比较,观察两种桩核材料的临床疗效。结果经24个月的随访,纤维桩的成功率为95.42%,金属铸造桩的成功率为88.13%,两组之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。纤维桩的失败病例中均为冠折或桩核脱落。结论在前牙和前磨牙桩核冠修复中使用纤维桩的临床疗效优于金属铸造桩核,且纤维桩失败后可以进行二次修复,以达到保留患牙的目的。     

Difficult fiber-optic intubation in a patient with giant neck masses: The role of McCoy laryngoscope in elevating compressed laryngeal aperture

Airway management in patients with giant neck masses is usually a challenge to anesthesiologists. A giant neck mass could compress the airway and thus impede endotracheal intubation. We encountered a situation where the giant neck masses of a patient pushed the epiglottis posteriorly toward the posterior pharyngeal wall and compressed the laryngeal aperture narrowing after anesthetic induction, causing direct laryngoscopic intubation and sequential fiber-optic intubation failed. The neck masses twisted the aryepiglottic fold tortuously and clogged the laryngeal aperture tightly, making a flexible fiber-optic bronchoscope unable to pass through the laryngeal aperture. Later, we utilized a McCoy laryngoscope alternately to lift the compressed larynx up and away from the posterior pharyngeal wall, creating a passage and completing endotracheal intubation successfully with the aid of a gum elastic bougie. Our case suggested that the tilting tip blade of the McCoy laryngoscope could lever the tongue base up against the tumor mass compression to improve laryngeal views and facilitate endotracheal intubation when a difficult fiber-optic intubation was encountered on a compressed laryngeal aperture.     

Retention of fiber posts to the optimally and over-prepared dowel spaces

PURPOSE

To assess the retention of glass fiber post cemented with self-adhesive resin cement into optimum and over-prepared root canals following obturation in the presence of either eugenol (EB) or calcium hydroxide (CB)-based sealers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Roots of extracted premolars were endodontically-treated in 5 groups (n = 10). Roots of Group 1 (control) were left with no obturation and then optimally prepared to receive endodontic dowels. Other root canals were obturated with gutta-percha in the presence of either eugenol-based (Groups 2 and 4) or calcium hydroxide-based (Groups 3 and 5) sealer. Dowel spaces were prepared with optimal diameter in Groups 2 and 3, one size larger in Groups 4 and 5. Standardized fiber posts were luted to the prepared spaces using self-adhesive resin cement and itsretention was then tested on an universal testing machine. Both one-way ANOVA and Tukey''s HSD comparisons (α=0.05) were used to identifythe significance of inter-group retention differences. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of both optimally and over-prepared dowel spaces was also considered to figure the nature of their interior out.

RESULTS

The post retention was significantly higher to the non-obturated, optimally-prepared dowel spaces of Group 1 compared to the obturated, optimally-prepared ones of Groups 2 and 3. For each dowel space diameter, root canals obturated using CB of Groups 3 and 5 showed significantly higher dowel retention compared to those obturated using EB of Groups 2 and 4. Post retention to the over-prepared dowel spaces of Groups 4 and 5 was significantly higher than that recorded for the optimally-prepared ones of Groups 1-3. SEM images revealed traces of endodontic sealer and gutta-percha on the walls of the optimally-prepared dowel spaces.

CONCLUSION

Despite the adverse effect of endodontic sealers on the retention of fiber posts, the over-preparation of dowel spaces helps to improve the retention.     

单人经口胆道镜与射频消融术同台诊治不可切除肝外胆管癌的可行性与安全性研究

目的　探讨单人经口胆道镜联合射频消融术（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）同台诊治不可切除肝外胆管癌的可行性和安全性。方法　回顾2013年1月至2022年1月期间在杭州市第一人民医院治疗的90例可疑肝外胆管癌患者资料,根据诊治过程最终纳入69例,分为常规分次组（n=34）：先经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP）+细胞刷或单人经口胆道镜检查取得活检组织,待获得阳性病理结果再次行ERCP+RFA;同台诊治组（n=35）：行ERCP经单人经口胆道镜检查胆道并对病灶行直视下活检,对术中快速病理结果确定为恶性肿瘤的患者同台行RFA。对比两组操作成功率、术后胆红素恢复情况、ERCP次数、术后不良事件发生率、住院时间及费用。结果　两组患者均成功完成内镜下RFA,操作成功率100.0%（69/69）。分次组和同台组总胆红素术后下降50%及以上的患者比例差异无统计学意义［52.94%（18/34）比57.14%（20/35）,χ2=0.27,P=0.604］。分次组ERCP次数明显多于同台组［（2.59±0.50）次/人比（1.00±0.00）次/人］,差异有统计学意义（t=3.13,P=0.002）。分次组和同台组术后总体不良事件发生率差异无统计学意义［（67.65%（23/34）比65.71%（23/35）,χ2=2.83 ,P=0.626］。分次组住院时间明显长于同台组,差异有统计学意义［（17.41±9.13） d比（7.91±3.48） d,t=5.32,P=0.001］。分次组住院费用明显多于同台组,差异有统计学意义［（37 127.88±3 763.77）元比（23 980.69±4 767.15）元,t=6.61,P=0.001］。结论　单人经口胆道镜直视下诊断+活检联合RFA同台诊治不可切除肝外胆管癌可减少ERCP次数,并且不增加术后不良事件发生率,是一种安全有效且具有较高成本-效益比的诊治方法。     

纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合莫西沙星治疗重症肺部感染的疗效观察

目的观察纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合盐酸莫西沙星氯化钠注射液治疗重症肺部感染的疗效及安全性。方法选择我院2010年9月至2012年9月ICU病房收治的53例重症肺部感染患者,按照治疗方式不同分为对照组与治疗组。对照组28例,常规采用莫西沙星治疗;治疗组25例,在对照组基础上加用纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗方法。对比两组治疗效果、住院天数、痰细菌培养阳性率。结果治疗组与对照组冶疗总有效率分别为92.0%、50.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组与对照组住院天数分别为(13.4±0.4)、(24.2±0.7)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组冶疗后的痰细菌培养阳性率分别为32.14%、64.29%,阴转率分别为62.50%、18.18%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组患者均未出现明显不良反应。结论纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合莫西沙星对重症肺部感染的治疗效果好,安全性高,不良反应少,可缩短住院天数,降低患者经济负担,值得在临床推广应用。     

三镜联合治疗胆系结石61例临床研究

目的：探讨三镜联合治疗胆系结石的临床应用价值。方法：对61例胆系结石采用十二指肠镜、腹腔镜、胆道镜进行三镜联合序贯阶段性诊断、治疗。结果：56例治疗成功,5例因结石巨大,腹腔粘连中转开放手术。成功率91.8%。结论：三镜联合治疗胆系结石,最大限度地实现微创化治疗,这种方法损伤小、恢复快、能够达到传统开放手术的效果。