缝匠肌、阔筋膜张肌蒂髂骨瓣血液供应比较

对10例成人新鲜尸体标本的缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣、阔筋膜张肌蒂髂骨瓣完整解剖分离5cm，然后经右侧股动脉灌注墨汁福尔马林混合液，再在手术显微镜下仔细解剖，观察缝匠肌肌蒂髂骨瓣、阔筋膜张肌蒂髂骨瓣在髂骨附着处1cm内墨染动脉的数目，并测量其外径，计算平均动脉外径及动脉横截面积和，最后对各肌肉蒂在髂骨附着处1cm内动脉横截面积总和进行比较。结果：缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣、阔筋膜张肌蒂髂骨瓣以及缝匠肌、阔筋膜张肌双肌蒂髂骨瓣在髂骨附着处1cm内动脉横截面积总和的中位数（Md）和四分位数间距（OR）分别为：0．0851（0．0284）mm^2、0．0831（0．0427）mm^2、0．1673（0．0947）mm^2。经统计学处理，缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣、阔筋膜张肌蒂髂骨瓣分别与缝匠肌、阔筋膜张肌双肌蒂髂骨瓣在髂骨附着处1cm内动脉横截面积总和均有显著性差异（P＝0．0001），而缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣与阔筋膜张肌蒂髂骨瓣在髂骨附着处1cm内动脉横截面积总和无显著性差异（P＝0．156）。因而认为缝匠肌、阔筋膜张肌双肌蒂髂骨瓣比缝匠肌或阔筋膜张肌单肌蒂髂骨瓣有更多的血液供应。     

低剂量X线照射对人骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学效应

本研究探讨低剂量X线辐射对间充质干细胞(MSC)功能的影响。获取正常人骨髓MSC,接受低剂量X线辐射后,用MTT方法检测照射后1-7天的吸光度,绘制生长曲线;RT-PCR法检测MSC的survivin mRNA表达,用MSC的单细胞凝胶电泳检测DNA损伤。结果表明:接受低剂量X线辐射后,MSC的增殖能力明显增加,MSC的DNA损伤程度似呈剂量依赖模式,MSC的survivin基因表达升高。结论:低于20 cGy的辐射对正常人骨髓MSC产生survivin mRNA表达增高的效应,至于高表达survivin是否有抵抗辐射的效应,仍有待进一步探讨。     

Administration of low doses of MK-801 during ethanol withdrawal in the developing rat pup attenuates alcohol's teratogenic effects

BACKGROUND: Alcohol exposure during development can produce severe and long-lasting central nervous system damage and consequent behavioral alterations. Recent evidence suggests that NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity during periods of withdrawal may contribute to this damage. We have demonstrated that blocking the NMDA receptor with MK-801 during alcohol withdrawal can attenuate ethanol's adverse effects on behavioral development in the rat. This study examined the dose dependency of MK-801's ability to mitigate ethanol's teratogenic effects. METHODS: Neonatal rat pups were exposed to 6.0 g/kg of ethanol in a binge-like manner on postnatal day (PD) 6, a period of brain development equivalent to a portion of the human third trimester. Alcohol administration was accomplished with an artificial rearing procedure. Twenty-one hours after ethanol treatment, pups were injected intraperitoneally with one of four doses of MK-801 (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg) or saline vehicle. An artificially reared control and a normally reared control group were included. On PD 18-19, activity level was monitored, and on PD 40-42, serial spatial discrimination reversal learning was assessed. RESULTS: Alcohol exposure on PD 6 produced significant increases in activity level and deficits in reversal learning. These alcohol-induced behavioral alterations were significantly attenuated in subjects treated with one of the three lower doses (0.05-0.5 mg/kg) of MK-801 during withdrawal. The performance of ethanol-exposed subjects treated with the high dose of MK-801 (1.0 mg/kg) did not differ from that of the Ethanol Only group. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that alterations in NMDA receptor activation during alcohol withdrawal contribute to the neuropathology and consequent behavioral alterations associated with developmental alcohol exposure. These data have important implications for pregnant women and newborns undergoing ethanol withdrawal.     

心理护理对自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肝硬化术后患者的影响

目的:探讨心理护理对自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肝硬化术后患者的影响。方法:将62例采取自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗的肝硬化患者随机分为实验组和对照组各31例,对照组实施3周医院常规治疗护理,实验组在对照组基础上加用针对性心理护理。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表分别于术前、术后1周、术后3周对患者抑郁症状进行评定。结果:经3周的护理干预后,实验组患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表得分明显低于对照组(P﹤0.05)。结论:实施针对性心理护理能有效改善自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肝硬化术后患者的抑郁症状。     

兔骨髓间充质干细胞分离培养后的活力检测

背景：目前分离纯化骨髓间充质干细胞多采用单一的方法,对扩增培养过程中细胞活力的变化没有较为系统而全面的评估。目的：探索体外分离培养和纯化兔骨髓间充质干细胞的方法,并对细胞的活力进行检测。方法：采用密度梯度离心联合贴壁筛选的方法分离纯化兔骨髓间充质干细胞,从形态学、细胞表型和成骨成脂能力方面进行鉴定;并从细胞生长曲线、贴壁率和克隆形成率3个方面评估细胞活力。结果与结论：原代细胞多呈梭形和圆形,48h后大部分细胞贴壁,8-10d细胞融合达80%-90%,传代周期为3-5d;流式检测显示CD14、CD34和CD45表达阴性,CD29、CD44和CD90表达阳性;成骨诱导茜素红染色可见明显的钙结节,成脂诱导油红O染色可见大量脂肪细胞;细胞生长曲线、贴壁率及克隆形成率的结果表明第1代和第3代细胞的活力优于第5代细胞。结果说明密度梯度离心联合贴壁筛选的方法能够有效的分离纯化骨髓间充质干细胞,并能较好的保持其生物功能,在扩增传代过程中,细胞活力会有不同程度的下降。     

最新进展的转基因技术在骨与软骨缺损修复中的应用

背景：组织工程技术在骨与软骨的修复方面已经取得巨大进步,其中转基因技术的引入在最近几年也引起人们广泛的关注。目的：总结近5年来转基因技术在骨与软骨缺损修复中的最新研究进展。方法：应用计算机检索CNKI数据库和PubMed数据库2007年1月至2012年3月关于转基因技术治疗骨与软骨缺损方面的文献,中文检索词＂基因,治疗,骨,软骨,缺损＂。英文检索词＂gene,therapy,bone,cartilage,defect＂,最终纳入22篇符合要求的文献。结果与结论：基因治疗为骨和软骨再生带来了一种新的治疗理念,它可以把具有特异性的目的基因精确转移入靶细胞内,并特异性的表达。目前应用于骨与软骨缺损的基因主要包括骨形态发生蛋白,转化生长因子,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子,胰岛素样生长因子,血管内皮细胞生长因子,Bcl-xl基因等。应用基因治疗可以诱导骨与软骨的形成,为骨与软骨的修复提供了崭新的途径。     

六味地黄丸含药血清对椎间盘I型和Ⅱ型胶原表达的影响

背景：胶原纤维是维持椎间盘正常结构与功能的重要物质,椎间盘中胶原的类型及含量的变化,影响整个椎间盘的生理和病理状态,I型及Ⅱ型胶原是椎间盘胶原的主要组分。目的：观察六味地黄丸含药血清对肿瘤坏死因子a致伤兔椎间盘I型、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和基因表达的影响。方法：将15只新西兰白兔带终板的45个L2-L5椎间盘随机分为空白第1天组、空白第14天组、肿瘤坏死因子a组、中药血清组、肿瘤坏死因子a＋中药血清组。后两种培养液中分别含5ug/L肿瘤坏死因子a和体积分数10％六味地黄丸血清,培养14d后收集髓核和纤维环观察。结果与结论：RT—PCR和WesternBlot检测结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,纤维环中I型胶原及髓核中Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和基因表达明显降低;加入肿瘤坏死因子a可加速这种变化,而含药血清可延缓I,Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和基因表达变化。提示六味地黄丸可通过稳定I,Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和基因表达,对椎间盘细胞外基质具有保护作用。     

寰枢椎病变植入物内固定：口咽入路的优势

背景：经口咽入路是治疗寰枢椎病变的传统方法,一直以来都是脊柱外科研究的热点和难点。目的：为经口咽入路到达颅颈交界区提供直观操作路径,并提供安全操作的解剖学数据。方法：对尸体标本进行经口咽入路逐层外科解剖,观察解剖层次、组织结构以及相互之间的毗邻关系,以门齿为标志点测量各主要解剖结构与其之间的距离,并测量椎动脉与中线之间的距离以及寰枢椎的形态学结构。结果与结论：经口咽前入路能直接显露从斜坡中下段至C3椎体上缘的范围,双侧椎动脉到中线的距离C1水平左侧为20．72—29.70mm、右侧为20．36—28．98mm,C2水平左侧为13．10-23．00mm、右侧为13．85—24．02mm。前结节、齿突前面、齿突后面、硬脊膜、脊髓以及C2椎体前缘和C3椎体前缘与门齿之间的距离分别为69．24—88．16mm、74．95—96．27mm、84．77-107．39mm、87．65—111．45mm、91．38—116．11mm、76．21—92．77mm和78．53—105．13mm。寰椎长度为（19．8±2．3）mm,齿突高度为（15．9±1．9）mm,最大横径为（10．5±0．6）mm,最大矢状径为（11．5±1．9）mm;枢椎最大横径为（15．1±1。6）mm,最大矢状径为.17．7±1．3）mm,上关节面外缘到中线的距离为（26．1±1.7）mm,横突孔入口与上关节面之间的距离为（8．1士1．3）mm。颅颈交界区的解剖结构复杂,经口咽入路在解剖安全范围内处理颅颈交界区病变存在优势。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植在心肌病大鼠体内存活、分化的实验研究

目的:研究骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植在心肌病大鼠体内存活、分化的情况。方法:将雌性W istar大鼠30只经腹腔注射阿霉素6次（总剂量15mg/kg）,建立心肌病的动物模型,在此模型的左室前壁采用微静脉注射法植入MSCs。8周后处死大鼠,取出心脏标本,做冰冻切片进行HE染色,观察植入的MSCs在病损心肌组织中的变化及免疫荧光检查观察植入MSCs心肌肌球蛋白重链（MHC）及心肌特有的连接蛋白（CX43）表达情况。结果:HE染色检查显示,植入的MSCs存活并有新生血管形成;免疫荧光检查显示植入的MSCs,表达MHC及CX43,但较宿主表达弱。结论:MSCs移植在心肌病大鼠体内心肌微环境中能存活,并向心肌细胞分化。     

Dose-dependent effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on synaptic plasticity and learning in mature offspring

BACKGROUND: We have observed profound deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and one-trial learning in offspring whose mothers drank moderate quantities of ethanol during pregnancy. In the present study, we examined the question of whether lower maternal blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) could produce functional deficits in offspring. METHODS: Rat dams consumed either a 2%, 3%, or 5% ethanol liquid diet throughout gestation. Three other groups of dams were pair-fed a 0% ethanol liquid diet, and a seventh group consumed lab chow ad libitum. Adult offspring from each diet group were assigned either to studies of evoked [3H]-D-aspartate (D-ASP) release from hippocampal slices or spatial learning studies using the Morris Water Task. RESULTS: Consumption of the 2%, 3%, and 5% ethanol liquid diets produced mean peak maternal BECs of 7, 30 and 83 mg/dL, respectively. Consumption of these ethanol diets had no effect on offspring birthweight, litter size or neonatal mortality. Likewise, evoked D-ASP release from hippocampal slices and performance on a standard version of the Morris Water Task were not affected by prenatal ethanol exposure. By contrast, activity-dependent potentiation of evoked D-ASP release from slices and one-trial learning on a "moving platform" version of the Morris Water Task were markedly reduced in offspring whose mothers consumed the 5% ethanol liquid diet. Intermediate deficits in these two parameters were observed in offspring from the 3% ethanol diet group, whereas offspring from the 2% ethanol diet group were not statistically different than controls. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the threshold for eliciting subtle, yet significant learning deficits in offspring prenatally exposed to ethanol is less than 30 mg/dL. This BEC is roughly equivalent to drinking 1 to 1.5 ounces of ethanol per day.