Posterior Bone Block Distraction Arthrodesis of the Subtalar Joint: A Review of 22 Cases

Twenty-two patients underwent a posterior bone block distraction arthrodesis of the subtalar joint between 1999 and 2006. The indication for surgery was loss of heel height, subtalar joint arthrosis, decreased talar declination with associated tibiotalar impingement, insufficient Achilles tendon function, malalignment of the rear foot, and pain with ambulation. There were 11 male and 11 female patients with a mean age of 46.7 years (range 20 to 71). The mean follow-up period was 27.3 months (range 12 to 63.9 months). Radiographic analysis revealed a mean increase in heel height of 6.09 mm (P= .0001), 5.83 degrees (P= .12) of lateral talocalcaneal angle, 5.5 degrees (P= .06) of talar declination, and 5.23 degrees (P= .07) of calcaneal inclination. The talo-first metatarsal angle increased an average of 4.5 degrees (P= .18). There was a 95.5% union rate. Postoperative complications included nonunion in 1 patient, subsidence of graft (collapse) in 1 patient, wound dehiscence in 3 patients, painful hardware in 7 patients, sural neuritis in 1 patient, superior cluneal nerve dysfunction in 1 patient and one mild varus malunion. Posterior bone block distraction arthrodesis can be successfully used to restore heel height, realign the foot, and decrease the morbidity associated with late complications of calcaneal fractures, as well as, nonunion and/or malunion following subtalar joint arthrodesis, Charcot neuroarthropathy, and avascular necrosis of the talus. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE: 4.     

切开复位内固定治疗股骨髁冠状面骨折疗效分析

[目的]探讨切开复位、松质骨拉力螺钉内固定治疗股骨髁冠状面骨折的方法及临床疗效。[方法]1998年5月-2006年6月，通过前外（内）侧或后外（内）侧入路，行切开复位、松质骨拉力螺钉内固定术治疗股骨髁冠状面骨折17例，其中男15例，女2例；年龄19—48岁，平均39．5岁。按Letenneur分型：I型7例，Ⅱ型4例，Ⅲ型6例。闭合性骨折14例，开放性骨折3例。采用自体髂骨或同种异体骨植骨共5例。术后均行石膏外固定。受伤至手术时间平均3．6d（2．5h-8d）。[结果]所有患者术后获8—26个月（平均18．2个月）随访，骨折均获骨性愈合，骨折愈合时间平均为3．6个月。膝关节功能参照Letenneur评估标准，优良14例，可3例，无差者。本组无深部感染、内固定松动和骨坏死。[结论]切开复位、松质骨拉力螺钉内固定治疗股骨髁冠状面骨折是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。正确选择手术入路、满意的复位和骨折端坚强稳定的内固定对疗效具有决定作用。     

微创手术结合中医辨证施治治疗复杂Pilon骨折

[目的]探讨有限内固定加外固定支架治疗复杂Pilon骨折的临床疗效。[方法]自2000年以来，作者采用该方法治疗Pilon骨折78例，男51例，女27例，年龄20～79岁（平均36岁），按Ovadia、Beals分型，Ⅲ型27例，Ⅳ型35例，Ⅴ型16例，新鲜骨折53例，陈旧性骨折25例。闭合性损伤57例，开放性损伤21例。均行手术治疗，采用克氏针、螺丝钉内固定结合外固定支架超踝关节固定，术后1．5～2个月拆除外固定支架、小夹板固定活动踝关节。[结果]术后78例均获得随访，随访1～3年，平均20个月，所有骨折均骨性愈合，2例有约5。左右外翻，3例开放损伤患者因皮肤、软组织挫压明显缺血坏死需Ⅱ期行皮瓣移植修复治疗，4例出现创伤性关节炎症状，需服用非甾体类抗炎药，其中1例行踝关节融合术。功能评定按美国矫形外科足踝协会评分标准进行评分，优良率达87．2％。[结论]有限内固定结合外固定支架能有效、坚强固定骨折端，避免软组织感染和骨不连，是治疗Pilon骨折理想的方法之一。     

Presentation of Metastatic Carcinoma as Pedal Stress Fracture and Ingrown Toenail

Metastatic lesions localized to the foot are rare. When present, such lesions are typically associated with a poor prognosis. A good history can help guide the clinician when formulating differential diagnoses for a questionable clinical presentation. We report the case of a patient presenting with findings indicative of a metatarsal stress fracture and an ingrown toenail, which eventually resulted in the diagnosis of metastatic disease from the lung. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 4.     

经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻(附18例临床分析)

目的探讨经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的疗效。方法采用经尿道双极等离子膀胱颈电切术治疗18例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者。结果平均手术时间16(11～48)min,失血<10ml,无水中毒及尿失禁发生。术后病理报告为膀胱颈粘膜下纤维组织增生伴玻璃样变性,部分平滑肌变性增生及粘膜下炎性细胞浸润。本组18例患者均获随访,平均12(4～23)个月,治疗后生活质量评分由4.2±1.1降至1.7±0.5(P<0.01),最大尿流率由(3.8±2.9)ml/s升至(16.0±6.4)ml/s(P<0.01),残余尿量由(355.5±196.5)ml降至(34.5±18.9)ml(P<0.01)。结论经尿道双极等离子电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻有效的腔内治疗方法。     

Determinants of bone mass in end-stage renal failure patients at the time of kidney transplantation

Abstract: Background:  Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) are at high risk of renal osteodystrophy. Our study aimed to identify predictors of bone mass and cumulative fracture rate at the time of renal transplantation (RTx). This is important since the patients experience further substantial bone loss the first month post-transplant.
Material and methods:  Altogether 133 renal transplant patients were examined for bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry shortly after RTx.
Results:  The patients' Z -scores were significantly lower at the time of RTx compared to the reference population (p < 0.05), 32% were osteopenic and 11% had osteoporosis. Independent predictors of low bone mass were age (p < 0.001), female sex (p < 0.001), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level (p < 0.001), former transplantation (p = 0.001) and time on hemodialysis (HD) (p = 0.005). Body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and physical activity (p = 0.027) were associated with high BMD. Cumulative fracture rate (29%) was associated with physical inactivity (p = 0.003), BMI (p = 0.036) and osteopenia (p < 0.001) at the time of RTx.
Conclusion:  In a representative CRF population, BMD was reduced. Independent predictors of BMD were as for the general population, and uremia associated predictors were time on HD, previous transplantation and serum iPTH level. Fracture rate was high, and physical inactivity had the strongest association with fractures.     

三叉髓内针治疗股骨干骨折不愈合延迟愈合

目的：探讨运用三叉弹性髓内针治疗股骨干骨折不愈合延迟愈合,观察其疗效。方法：运用三叉髓内针（专利号2296218964.2天津津大医疗器械厂提供）,按股骨髓内逆行固定方法,进行髓内固定,对萎缩型骨不愈合或骨折端缺损大,行骨折端周围植骨。结果：31例手术切口均一期愈合,29例半年以上随访,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间5.8个月,3例遗留部分膝关节功能障碍,与本次手术前外固定时间长有关。结论：三叉弹性髓内针具有抗旋转,抗弯力强,应力集中小,遮挡效应小,内固定牢固,可早期行膝关节功能活动。骨愈合后取出简便,较加压钢板创伤小,梅花针内固定稳定,Crosse-Kempf针操作简单,是治疗股骨干骨折不愈合延迟愈合的一种较好方法。     

寰枢椎后路融合术治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位

目的：探讨3种寰枢椎后路融合术治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的临床效果。方法：对18例齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位患行寰枢椎后路融合术：包括Callie钢丝法7例,Brooks钢丝法7例,Apofix椎板夹内固定法4例。结果：术后16例寰枢椎脱位完全复位,2例大部分复位（复位不满意才另行枕颈融合,不在此列）。经0．5－10年（平均4．5年）随访,除1例术后6个月死亡后,其余17例均获骨性融合,其中钢丝断裂而植骨已融合1例,寰椎后弓钢丝切割断裂移位后融合1例;所有患颈痛全部消失;8例有脊髓病症状中,1例无改善（术前JOA评分分别为5分）,其余7例JOA评分均较术前提高,分别为13－17分。结论：3种寰枢椎后路融合术均有其适用性,是治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的有效方法：Apofix椎板夹为寰枢椎后路融合术的首选内固定方式;术前牵引复位是手术成功的关键。     

后路TSRH内固定及环脊髓减压治疗外伤性截瘫

目的：评价TSRH内固定后环脊髓减压治疗外伤性截瘫的应用价值。方法：对12例外伤性胸腰椎骨折合并截瘫行TRSH内固定后用“环钻”作椎管行减压和治疗效果进行临床分析。结果：12例病例经平均18个月随访,全部病例椎体高度恢复良好,神经系统症状有不同程度改善。结论：TSRH内固定后行环脊髓减压既保证了脊柱的稳定性,有效的恢复了椎体的高度,同时,从后路解除了脊髓前方的压迫,简化了手术操作,为截瘫的恢复提供了有利的解剖学基础。