Validity and reliability of the Unified Classification System applied to periprosthetic femur fractures: a comparison with the Vancouver system

Abstract

Objective: The Unified Classification System (UCS) presents itself as an evolution of the Vancouver Classification (VCS) for the evaluation of periprosthetic fractures of the proximal femur (PPF). The aim of our study was to highlight any loss of reproducibility or validity of the new classification system, compared to the previous one.

Material and methods: We tested the interobserver and intraobserver agreement using 40 PPF clinical cases. Each classifying subtype of the UCS and VCS was present in at least two cases. Six experienced hip surgeons (Senior Surgeon, SS) and 5 surgeons in training (Junior Surgeon, JS) classified the clinical cases, using VCS and UCS. The validity of both classifications was then tested with intraoperative surveys.

Results: The mean κ value for interobserver agreement for the VCS in the JS group was 0.65 and 0.81 for the SS group. The mean κ value for interobserver agreement for the UCS in the JS group was 0.63 and 0.65 for the SS group. The mean κ value for intraobserver agreement for the VCS in the JS group was 0.71 and 0.73 for the SS group. The mean κ value for intraobserver agreement for the UCS in the JS group was 0.72 and 0.7 for the SS group. Validity analysis showed a moderate agreement for the VCS and a good agreement for the UCS.

Conclusion: The UCS completes the Vancouver classification, expanding it. It is reliable, despite the increase in classification categories and number of parameters to evaluate, with a slightly higher validity.     

锁定接骨板治疗累及肱骨距的肱骨近端骨折：有效支撑、并发症和功能恢复

文题释义： 肱骨距：为肱骨头下方内侧壁的一段骨皮质区域，位于肱骨头下内侧及背侧区，该区域含有较多的骨小梁，肱骨近端三、四部分骨折时常累及肱骨距，而“距螺钉”放置在该区域能支撑肱骨头，维持内侧柱稳定。肱骨距概念的提出是为了更好地治疗肱骨近端骨折，因此很好的理解肱骨距的重要性及了解肱骨距粉碎的形态对于治疗肱骨近端骨折非常重要。 内侧柱支撑：肱骨近端骨折常伴有肱骨距粉碎，Philos钢板固定后，容易出现肱骨头坏死、螺钉穿出关节面等并发症，通过使用特殊的距螺钉置入肱骨距区域或使用同种异体腓骨髓内支撑，能给肱骨近端内侧柱提供有效支撑，防止术后肱骨头内翻等并发症的发生。 背景：肱骨近端骨折的保头治疗是创伤骨科的难点，而如何获得内侧柱支撑是近年研究的热点。 目的：总结肱骨距的一般概念、临床意义及作用、常见的损伤原因、钢板固定治疗进展，以期提高临床医师对肱骨距的认识，减少手术并发症的发生。 方法：由第一作者检索2004至2019年万方、知网、维普、PubMed、Web of science、Springer Link等数据库收录的关于肱骨近端内侧壁治疗及研究进展的相关文献。英文检索词为“proximal humeral fracture，Philos，infermedial screw，calcar screw，fibularallograft，middle support”，中文检索词为“肱骨近端骨折，肱骨距，内侧柱，钢板，腓骨移植”，同时对文章中参考文献进行人工检索。按照纳入排除标准最终共纳入51篇文献进行综述。 结果与结论：①目前对于肱骨距的范围定义仍不明确，累及肱骨距的骨折目前无统一的分型标准，X射线片显示的肱骨距损伤模式常常与骨折实际情况不符，累及肱骨距的骨折往往是复杂的骨折。临床医师对肱骨距认识、重视程度不够是引起肱骨距损伤和未能得到很好修复的主要原因；②钢板治疗仍是肱骨近端骨折的首选，对于“可修复性内侧壁”，根据肱骨距损伤情况决定重建内侧柱方式，使用距螺钉、同种异体腓骨髓内植骨、骨水泥增强、内侧钢板都是可行的方法，术中实现内侧壁解剖复位、获得内侧柱的有效支撑能帮助减少术后并发症，而内侧钢板的使用需要更多研究进一步验证，肩袖修复对内侧柱支撑也是至关重要的；③肱骨距的范围需要达成统一的观点，充分了解肱骨距的重要性对于肱骨近端骨折治疗至关重要。术前应详细了解肱骨距的骨折模式，选择最佳手术方式，术中实现内侧壁的解剖复位、获得内侧柱的有效支撑可减少骨折术后并发症，术中肩袖的良好修复也是患者取得较好功能很重要的一环。 ORCID: 0000-0002-5163-1529(徐鹏) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

Diseño y evaluación de un modelo de simulación de fractura de pene

ObjectiveTo design and assess a novel penile fracture simulation model for teaching penile fracture repair.MethodsWe used a validated circumcision simulator to create a model. Foreskin for a circumcision was divided into two halves. A transverse slit (“simulated fracture”) was created on one part of the first half of the foreskin (mimicking “tunica”) and was applied over the penile model. A red jelly tablet (“clot”) was placed underneath the cut. A second full-length of foreskin was applied over it to cover the defect. The model was assessed by participants and expert faculty at the Urology Simulation Boot Camp. Evaluation was performed using a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics V25. The intra-class correlation was calculated using a “One-way random model”.ResultsTwenty-two urology trainees and four experts participated in the evaluation. The majority of trainees strongly agreed (59%, n = 13) the model is useful for training with experts similarly agreeing in 75% of cases. The appearance of penile fracture was considered good by both trainees (68%, n = 14) and faculty (75%). Overall, the ability of the model to represent a realistic simulation of the task was considered excellent by 23% of participants and good by 64%. Personal confidence after simulation in managing a similar situation was considered high among trainees. The main difficulties reported were related to fascial planes and urethra.ConclusionThis is the first simulation model for penile fracture repair and has demonstrated face validity at a national urology bootcamp.     

Management of regional metastatic disease in cutaneous malignancy of the head and neck. 3. Merkel cell carcinoma

This is the third of three articles that give an overview of the current evidence for management of the neck and parotid in patients with cutaneous cancers of the head and neck. In this paper we discuss Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and review the latest evidence for management of the regional nodes.     

Fractures of the humeral shaft

Fractures of the humeral shaft are relatively common and can occur in any a variety of age groups, and due to a variety of mechanisms of injury. The anatomy of the humeral shaft is vital to understand, to be able to plan management of these fractures: the intricate relationship of the radial nerve with the humeral shaft in particular, plays an important role in these fractures. Though non-operative measures are commonly employed for humeral shaft fractures routinely, there are some indications for operative management. There remain a variety of operative interventions available to a surgeon, all with pros and cons associated. This review aims to look in detail at the anatomy of the humeral shaft, the types and sites of fractures, the evidence and surgical methodology of the most common surgical interventions, including a discussion about the surgical complications, particularly a radial nerve palsy.     

多裂肌间隙入路与经皮入路联合伤椎置钉治疗无神经损伤的胸腰段椎体骨折的对比研究

目的 探讨多裂肌间隙入路和经皮入路分别联合伤椎置钉治疗无神经损伤胸腰段椎体骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院2015年1月-2018年1月采用多裂肌间隙入路和经皮入路分别联合伤椎置钉治疗无神经损伤的胸腰段椎体骨折的52例患者的临床资料。经多裂肌间隙入路患者25例(A组),男19例、女6例,年龄35~67 (49.84±9.11)岁;经皮入路患者27例(B组),男20例、女7例,年龄21~66(48.44±11.02)岁。比较两组患者一般资料,以及手术出血量、手术时间、术后镇痛药物使用率、术后下地时间及术后住院时间;手术前后不同时间点的腰背部疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS);比较两组手术前、术后下地前及术后12个月时伤椎前缘高度比值和矢状位Cobb角变化。结果 两组患者一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。均顺利完成手术,术后随访12个月。A组的手术时间、术后下地时间分别为120(90,136)min、2(1,3)d,均短于B组的144(110,220)min、4(2,5)d,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);A组术后使用镇痛药物例数(2例)少于B组(15例),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组患者手术出血量、术后住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。两组患者术后VAS评分均较术前有明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01);A、B组间术前、术后12个月VAS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),但术后第3天VAS评分比较,A组低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。两组患者术后下地前及术后12个月伤椎前缘高度比值、矢状面Cobb角较术前改善明显,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),但两组间同时间点伤椎前缘高度比值和矢状面Cobb角比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。结论 多裂肌间隙入路和经皮入路分别联合伤椎置钉治疗无神经损伤的胸腰段椎体骨折均取得良好疗效,在改善骨折畸形及远期腰背部疼痛上无明显差异,但经皮入路手术时间更长、术后短期腰背部疼痛更严重、下地时间更晚,相较于多裂肌间隙入路手术并不具有明显优势。     

Facteurs prédictifs de l’ostéoradionécrose mandibulaire après irradiation des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures

The identification of the different risk factors for mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) must be done before and after the management of patients with head and neck cancer. Various clinical criteria for this severe radiation-induced complication are related to the patient (intrinsic radiosensitivity, malnutrition associated with thin weight loss, active smoking intoxication, microcapillary involvement, precarious oral status, hyposalivation) and/or related to the disease (oral cavity, large tumor size, tumor mandibular invasion). Therapeutic risk factors are also associated with a higher risk of ORN (primary tumor surgery, concomitant radio-chemotherapy, post-irradiation dental avulsion, preventive non-observance with the absence of stomatological follow-up and daily installation of gutters fluoride and, non-observance curative healing treatments). Finally, various dosimetric studies have specified the parameters in order to target the dose values distributed in the mandible, which increases the risk of ORN. An mean mandibular dose greater than 48–54 Gy and high percentages of mandibular volume receiving 40 to 60 Gy appear to be discriminating in the risk of developing an ORN.     

优质护理服务模式在股骨颈骨折围手术期护理中的作用效果分析

目的分析优质护理服务模式在股骨颈骨折围手术期护理中的效果。方法资料选自2013年1月~2014年1月我院收治的股骨颈骨折患者68例,均分为研究组和对照组,给予对照组常规护理,研究组实施优质护理服务模式,对比两组护理效果。结果护理后,研究组护理满意度97.06%,高于对照组79.41%,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论给予股骨颈骨折患者围手术期优质护理服务,对改善护患关系有积极意义。