内固定和人工关节置换治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的临床疗效观察

目的比较人工关节置换术与AO加压空心螺钉术治疗老年人有移位股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法将1995年5月～2004年11月我院收治的78例年龄在65周岁以上的有移位的新鲜股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性研究，将病例分为A、B两组，A组为人工关节置换组，B组为AO加压空心螺钉治疗组。AO加压空心螺钉治疗组（内固定组）随访12～91个月，平均41．7个月，随访人工关节置换组12～96个月，平均40．3个月。结果按Harris评分标准，A组术后优良率达到82．9％；B组内固定组优良率57．1％。术后远期并发症的发生率A组为19．5％；B组为42．9％。结论人工关节置换术和A0加压空心螺钉均是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的有效方法，但人工关节置换术可提高老年人的生活质量，减低术后并发症的发生率，所以人工关节置换的效果优于AO加压空心螺钉。     

Surgical treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures by closed reduction and external fixation. A review of 32 consecutive cases operated

Abstract Complex tibial plateau fractures are a challenge in trauma surgery. In these fractures it is necessary to anatomically reduce the articular part of the fracture and to obtain stable fixation. The aim of this study is to review the results of a surgical technique consisting of fluoroscopic closed reduction and combined percutaneous internal and external fixation. Thirty-two complex tibial plateau fractures in 32 patients were included. Twenty-one fractures were closed, 4 were open Gustilo grade I, 3 were Gustilo grade II and 4 were Gustilo grade III. The mean age was 37.8 years (range 21–64 years). Surgery was performed with patients in transcalcaneal traction and the knee flexed at 30° was used. Through a 1-cm incision centred over the tibial metaphysis of the tibia, a 3.2-mm hole was drilled in the antero-medial tibial aspect. The tibial plateau fracture fragments were elevated using either 1 or 2 curved Kirschner wires under fluoroscopy to control the reduction. Then the fragments were fixed with 2 cannulated AO screws inserted through small incisions into the medial aspect of the tibial plateau. Knee rehabilitation started postoperatively. Weight bearing started after 8–12 weeks depending upon the radiographic appearance. All external fixators were removed in outpatient facilities. All patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated at a mean follow-up of 48 months (range 38–57 months). Clinical results were evaluated according to the Knee Society clinical score. Average healing time was 24 weeks (range 18–29 weeks). In 1 patient a non-union occurred. This patient was treated with open reduction and plate fixation. In 2 patients a varus knee deformity occurred and a surgical correction was performed. There were no surgical complications. Mean knee range of motion was 105° (range 75–125°) and mean Knee Society clinical score was 89. Twenty-five results were scored as excellent, 4 good, 2 fair and 1 poor. Using this technique there is limited soft tissue damage and virtually no periosteum damage to the fracture fragments. However anatomical reconstruction of the joint can be obtained. Furthermore knee rehabilitation can be started immediately after surgery. We think that these factors were responsible for the optimal clinical long-term results.     

颈椎管哑铃形肿瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨不同入路显微手术切除颈椎管哑铃形肿瘤的手术方法,总结其主要优点和术后并发症情况。方法2004年5月至2006年7月共收治16例颈椎管哑铃形肿瘤,其中5例肿瘤最大径超过5cm。5例巨大肿瘤中4例位于上颈段,采用侧方改良的极外侧入路（后外侧肌间入路）, 1例外院手术复发的巨大肿瘤位于中颈段,采用分次后正中和前路联合切除并行后方和前方内固定加前方植骨融合;1例肿瘤椎管外部分向前方生长,采用颈前入路切除后行前方植骨融合加内固定,其余10例采用后正中入路,其中1例超过中线的肿瘤采用全椎板切除加椎管成形,7例半椎板切除, 1例复发肿瘤原路切除,1例未切除椎板切除肿瘤。结果手术全切肿瘤14例,次全切2例。所有病例术后症状均有明显改善,其中2例巨大肿瘤患者术后出现低氧血症,重新气管插管后逐渐恢复, 1例巨大肿瘤患者术后脑脊液漏皮下积液,经穿刺置管引流数日后恢复正常。其中12例随访9-18个月,无一例复发或出现脊柱不稳定的情况。结论对于颈椎管哑铃形肿瘤,应尽可能采用创伤小的手术方式,在切除肿瘤的同时,减少棘突、韧带、椎板以及小关节的破坏,减小创伤和对脊柱稳定性的破坏,预防脊柱后凸和侧凸畸形的发生。极外侧入路适用于微创切除体积较大的高颈段椎管哑铃形肿瘤,较小的肿瘤可以采用后正中入路半椎板开窗手术,对骨质破坏严重者需在切除肿瘤后行内固定手术。     

国产股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子周围骨折

目的:探讨国产股骨近端髓内钉（proximalfemoralnail,PFN）,在老年股骨转子周围骨折治疗中的应用、疗效及并发症。方法:总结自2002年3月-2004年5月使用国产PFN治疗56例股骨转子周围骨折（男25例,女31例;年龄62⁸4岁,平均70.2岁）。手术使用骨科牵引床,在C形臂X线机下行闭合复位、锁定技术。随访观察骨折愈合情况、颈干角变化,以关节功能、疼痛情况、是否畸形等制订随访标准。结果:56例中随访49例,平均随访时间6.5个月。全部病例骨折均愈合,1例术后感染,2例出现颈螺钉切割股骨头（其中1例出现明显的外旋短缩畸形）。关节功能恢复良好,优37例,良9例,可2例,差1例,优良率为93.8%。结论:国产PFN内固定具有损伤小、固定牢固、生物力学优点突出等特点,是治疗老年股骨转子周围骨折的有效方法之一。     

股骨干骨折--逆行穿钉与顺行穿钉的探讨

在对股骨骨折进行逆行和顺行置入髓内钉治疗时,两种治疗方法产生很高的愈合率和相近的畸形愈合率。虽然未经过一致的认定,但那些接受顺行穿钉治疗的患者愈合较快。患者在接受逆行穿钉治疗后膝关节疼痛频繁出现,然而髋关节疼痛和异位骨化现象却在接受顺行穿钉治疗的患者中存在。患其它并发症的几率也无显著增长。因此不能决定功能结果。     

导航在长骨干骨折髓内钉固定中的应用

目的阐述透视导航技术在长骨干(股骨和胫骨)骨折,特别是在术中远端交锁髓内钉固定中的应用。探索在导航条件下术中应用髓内钉图像库开展远端交锁固定的可行性。此外,医用机器人的开发旨在被进一步用来改善手术程序的精确性。方法导航手术下,55例行股骨远端交锁钉固定和36例行胫骨远端交锁钉固定。其中13例术中应用图像库开展远端交锁固定。结果远端交锁固定成功率为97%。结论透视导航在长骨干骨折术中,使远端髓内交锁钉固定成功率增高。图像库的应用可以进一步减少患者和手术人员的X线辐射剂量。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折

[目的]观察经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗疼痛性高龄骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效。[方法]在C臂X线透视监控下，以骨水泥（PMMA）为充填材料，经单侧或双侧椎弓根穿刺行PVP治疗6例、脊柱后凸成行术治疗2例。[结果]术中无骨水泥渗漏，术后患者疼痛明显缓解或消失，无1例出现严重并发症。[结论]PVP治疗疼痛性高龄骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折是安全、有效、经济的。     

Simultaneous Bilateral Tibial Tuberosity Avulsions—Over 6-Year Follow-up

Abstract Simultaneous bilateral avulsions of the tibial tuberosity are rare injuries. The authors found only five reported cases in the orthopedic literature. We add a further case of bilateral avulsions of the tibial tuberosity with the longest reported follow-up.     

国产股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子周围骨折

目的:探讨国产股骨近端髓内钉(proximalfemoralnail,PFN),在老年股骨转子周围骨折治疗中的应用、疗效及并发症。方法:总结自2002年3月-2004年5月使用国产PFN治疗56例股骨转子周围骨折(男25例,女31例;年龄62~84岁,平均70.2岁)。手术使用骨科牵引床,在C形臂X线机下行闭合复位、锁定技术。随访观察骨折愈合情况、颈干角变化,以关节功能、疼痛情况、是否畸形等制订随访标准。结果:56例中随访49例,平均随访时间6.5个月。全部病例骨折均愈合,1例术后感染,2例出现颈螺钉切割股骨头(其中1例出现明显的外旋短缩畸形)。关节功能恢复良好,优37例,良9例,可2例,差1例,优良率为93.8%。结论:国产PFN内固定具有损伤小、固定牢固、生物力学优点突出等特点,是治疗老年股骨转子周围骨折的有效方法之一。