高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉硬化和腔隙性脑梗死的影像比较分析

目的：探讨高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉发生粥样硬化狭窄和腔隙性脑梗死的磁共振影像差别。方法：使用0．3T永磁开放式磁共振成像系统,对2000例缺血性脑病的患者进行脑的T2 WI、T1 WI、FIR DE序列横断面和脑MRA检查。结果：高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉发生粥样硬化狭窄的程度和腔隙性脑梗死的数量有明显差别。结论：高血压病人脑动脉粥样硬化的程度比正常血压病人的程度较轻,而腔隙性脑梗死的程度较重。     

腔内介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症56例临床报道

目的：研究并分析腔内介入治疗在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症治疗中的临床效果。方法整群选取该院接受下肢动脉硬化闭塞症治疗56例患者,按照所选治疗手段的不同将其随机均分至采用腔内介入治疗的观察组与采用传统动脉旁路手术治疗的对照组。对比分析两种治疗方法的优劣。结果观察组患者住院时间为9~13 d,手术时间为1~2 h,手术过后的ABI指数比对照组ABI指数数据表现优异,两组患者在ABI指数对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但手术成功率和在手术之后动脉通畅率比较上两组间差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论下肢动脉硬化闭塞症采取腔内治疗,能够有效地缓解患者病痛,使患者的治疗情况得到好转,减少了患者下肢出现动脉闭塞的情况,值得推广。     

后路小切口人工全髋关节置换术

目的 观察后路小切口人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty，THA）的临床效果。方法 将70例患者按年龄、性别、体重指数、病种、髋关节功能配对分为两组进行前瞻性研究。35例小切口组，术前Harris评分52．21（24～76），35例标准后路手术组（简称标准组），术前Harris评分51．6（33～68）。分析手术时间、术中出血＋术后12h引流量、并发症、切口长度、疼痛评分、Harris评分等。结果 平均随访11.5个月（6～14个月）。两组手术时间相近。小切口组平均切口长9．0cm（7．0～12cm），标准组16cm（12—20cm），两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；小切口组平均出血500ml（270～700m1），29％（10／35）需输血，输血量约400ml，而标准组平均出血约950ml（600～1200m1），100％需输血，平均输血650ml，小切口组明显比标准组具有优势（P〈0．05）；小切口组疼痛评分平均为4．8分，标准组为6．8分（P〈0.01）。术后6个月，小切口组Harris评分94．0（84～100），标准组Harris评分90．5（82～94）。结论 后路小切口微创技术具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛小、恢复快的特点，可获得与常规后路手术相同的冶疗效果。     

介入治疗激素性股骨头坏死的实验研究

目的评价介入治疗股骨头坏死的可行性。材料与方法采用中国白兔２０只，随机分成３组。Ａ组为注射激素组，Ｂ组为注射激素后进行介入治疗组，Ｃ组为对照组。介入治疗是将溶栓药物、扩血管药物及改善微循环药物直接注入股骨头供血动脉。对股骨头进行Ｘ线摄片和显微镜观察，研究股骨头的Ｘ线平片表现及病理变化。结果Ｂ组股骨头空缺的骨陷窝数及骨髓腔内脂肪细胞平均直径虽没达到正常水平，但有明显的改善，软骨下区血管数目基本达到正常，血管直径明显增大，Ｘ线平片可见股骨头明显修复。结论通过介入方法治疗股骨头坏死是一种能在临床上广泛应用的新方法。     

中老年股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术和中空加压螺钉内固定术临床比较

目的比较全髋关节置换术和中空加压螺钉固定术治疗中老年股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法对55～65岁有移位新鲜股骨颈骨折患者85例的治疗情况进行回顾分析，其中51例行中空加压螺钉内固定术，34例行全髋关节置换术，进行了住院情况，术后1年，术后3年功能评估。结果全髋关节置换组在手术时间，术后早期下床活动等方面具有一定的优越性，但全髋关节置换假体费用较贵，3年后有2例出现假体松动。中空加压螺钉固定组有45例3年后无任何并发症发生，髋关节功能活动良好，且能够从事正常体力劳动。结论中老所股内颈骨折患者手术治疗应首选中空加压螺钉内固定术治疗。     

基底动脉弯曲及其临床意义

随着神经影像学的发展,基底动脉弯曲检出率明显增高.基底动脉弯曲的发生和发展过程受年龄、基底动脉长度、椎动脉优势等因素的影响.基底动脉弯曲会影响后循环血液供应,并可能造成脑干和脑神经压迫导致相应的临床症状.     

Flexible intramedullary nailing for distal femoral fractures in patients with myopathies

Purpose  

Distal femoral fractures are quite common in nonambulating patients with myopathies, as they present marked osteoporosis. The deterioration of preexisting knee flexion contracture is a known problem, as these fractures are usually angulated posteriorly. The goals of treatment are to reduce immobilization and bed rest to a minimum, prevent function loss, and prevent refracture. The aim of our work was to investigate if these goals can be achieved by an operative treatment with closed reduction and flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN).     

Intracapsular Hip Fracture: Increased Cortical Remodeling in the Thinned and Porous Anterior Region of the Femoral Neck

It has been shown previously that the antero-inferior cortex is subjected to maximal tensile stress during a fall onto the greater trochanter. We have recently shown that in cases of femoral neck fracture, cortical thinning and porosity is greatest in the anterior and antero-inferior region of the femoral neck. To investigate whether this is due to increased remodeling, we have quantified surface-based parameters associated with Haversian remodeling in femoral neck biopsies from women with intracapsular hip fracture and post-mortem controls. Cryostat sections of chilled biopsies were reacted for either tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Proportions of active canals were determined in each quadrant (inferior, anterior, superior, posterior) of the femoral neck. The biopsies were then embedded in methacrylate to permit histomorphometry using Goldner’s and Solochrome sections. In the cases there was no significant increase in the proportion of canals undergoing remodeling in the cortex as a whole (p = 0.846), but the regional distribution of remodeling was markedly different from that in the controls. In the anterior cortex, the proportion of canals undergoing remodeling was increased by 56% (p = 0.0087); in contrast there was a relative decrease of 35% in the superior region (p = 0.0047). In the anterior cortex of cases there were 76% and 42% increases in the proportions of eroded (p = 0.019) and osteoid-bearing (p = 0.041) canals, respectively. In the superior region, the decrease in the proportion of remodeling sites was due to a marked decrease in canals with an osteoid surface (51%; p = 0.0031). Covariance analysis with cortical porosity as the dependent variable showed that porosity was significantly dependent on the regional distribution of eroded (p = 0.033) but not on the distribution of forming (p = 0.153) canals (R ²adj = 0.51). Cellular levels of TRAP and ALP were significantly elevated in the anterior region of cases compared with the controls (TRAP 55%, p = 0.006; ALP 36%, p = 0.003). For the posterior and inferior regions there were no marked differences in cellular TRAP and ALP levels compared with control values. These data show that the increased cortical thinning and increased porosity we have previously observed in the anterior cortex in cases of hip fracture are associated with increased indices of Haversian remodeling. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that, in cases of hip fracture, remodeling imbalance in the anterior cortex is a continuing process up to the time of fracture and is due to increased osteoclastic cellular activity associated with an osteoblastic response that is inadequate to prevent bone loss. Received: 16 November 1998 / Accepted: 17 February 1999     

成人股骨头缺血坏死的X线、CT及静脉造影分析

目的：加深和提高对股骨头缺血性坏死的认识。方法：本组１２例，２３髋做了骨髓静脉造影。结果：Ｘ线、ＣＴ表现０期者，旋股内、外侧静脉显影好，而股骨颈后静脉及臀静脉显影差或不显影，Ⅰ—Ⅳ期者也有少数旋股内、外侧静脉显影好者，表明这两条静脉是主要回流静脉。骨干返流，滋养静脉显影在Ⅱ、Ⅲ期多见，Ⅳ期者少见。造影剂滞流情况，０期者注入造影剂５ｍｉｎ后基本排空，Ⅰ期以上者大部分在１５ｍｉｎ后仍有大量滞流。造影剂进入股骨头毁损区的很难排空。结论：Ｘ线、ＣＴ表现０—Ⅰ期的静脉造影可发现回流障碍，有利于早期诊断。一般分期越重，回流静脉出现越少，滞流越明显，但也有病变较重者，５ｍｉｎ大部分排空，可能与晚期静脉侧枝循环改善有关。造影剂进入骨毁损区很难排空与局部血运有关     

胫骨、股骨干骨折合并同侧膝关节内骨折的髓内钉治疗

目的　评价胫骨、股骨干骨折合并同侧膝关节内骨折的髓内钉治疗。方法　股骨髁间骨折合并股骨干骨折采用螺栓、松质骨螺钉及逆行髓内钉治疗 2 3例。胫骨平台骨折合并胫骨干骨折 1 2例 ,应用松质骨螺钉、髓内钉固定。结果　 30例解剖复位 ,5例功能复位。股骨、胫骨干骨折愈合平均 4 5～ 5个月。按Neer膝关节功能评分标准 ,优良率 85 7%。术后膝关节平均活动度 1 1 2 5°。结论　胫骨、股骨干骨折合并膝关节内骨折螺栓及松质骨螺钉固定后应用髓内钉治疗效果良好 ,膝关节功能恢复满意。