Nasolabial fold undermining and fat grafting based on histological study

When treating nasolabial folds, it is necessary to radically undermine the adjacent tissues before using fat grafts or fat injections in order to place the fat in the proper locations and, thus, prevent placing it inside muscle tissue. The method described here avoids augmenting the volume of the adjacent lip and cheek tissues lateral to the nasolabial fold which can cause poor results.     

Intraregional differences in the absorption of unmodified insulin from the abdominal wall.

Absorption of subcutaneously injected unmodified human 125I-insulin (5 U; 100 U ml-1) was studied concurrently from three areas of the abdominal wall (120 mm above, 120 mm lateral to, and 40 mm below the umbilicus), and one area of the thigh (upper midline), in nine Type 1 diabetic patients of normal body weight, and from deep (2 mm above muscle fascia) and superficial (3 mm beneath skin surface) sites in abdominal wall and thigh in 11 Type 1 diabetic patients. The absorption rates were followed continuously for 3 h with the patient in the supine position. Whereas 125I-insulin disappeared considerably faster from the site above the umbilicus than from sites below or lateral to the umbilicus or from the thigh (residual radioactivities after 175 min: 36 +/- 4 vs 49 +/- 5, 54 +/- 2, and 62 +/- 4 (+/- SE)%, respectively; p less than 0.05 or better), no significant differences were found between deep and superficial sites in either abdominal wall or thigh. The results suggest that insulin absorption rates from subcutaneous injection sites within the abdominal wall differ sufficiently for this to be of clinical importance.     

Somatostatin and the paraventricular hypothalamus: modulation of energy balance

The effects of somatostatin injections (0.1, 1 and 5 μg) into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) were investigated in an open-circuit calorimeter. Wistar rats were tested, with no food available during the tests. The 0.1 and 1 μg doses produced large and long-lasting decreases in respiratory quotient, which indicates the preferential utilization of fats as an energy substrate. The 5 μg dose produced a brief decrease in energy expenditure. Locomotor activity was not affected by any treatment which indicates that the effects on respiratory quotient and energy expenditure are not secondary to changes in activity. These findings demonstrate that somatostatin in the PVN inhibits thermogenesis and induces the preferential utilization of fats while sparing carbohydrate reserves. However, it is significant that the effects on energy expenditure and energy substrate utilisation occured at different doses. These data constitute the first evidence that somatostatin in the PVN produces a primary modulation of the metabolic parameters central to energy balance. In separate experiments, all three doses of somatostatin increased blood glucose concentration over a one hour period, and the 5 μg dose decreased body weight over a 24 h period. Food and water intake were not affected by the somatostatin injections. Taken together, these findings are interpreted in a model in which somatostatin is a signal to the PVN of increased body fat. This mobilises sympathetic mechanisms which increase fat utilization and blood glucose levels.     

Double Eyelid Procedure by Removal of Transconjunctival Orbital Fat and Buried Sutures Combined with Sling Technique to Avoid Wounding the Eyelid

In the typical transconjunctival buried suture procedure for double eyelids, the adhesion between the skin and the pretarsal tissue or conjunctiva through the tarsal plate and the sling with the skin, the levator, and Muller's muscle are obtained by suturing. These are assisted by the stab wound or a needle through the eyelid skin, and the skin wound takes several days to heal. Also these suturing knots are buried under the skin on the tarsal plate, so that these will tend to appear on the skin surface later on. Removing the excess orbital fat that migrates to the area of fixation and jeopardizes the effect of the suturing technique is performed with skin incision and usually leaves a linear scar. The author devised a method that makes a double eyelid with two linear, wide sutures that lie between the levator and Muller's muscle and the immediately adjacent subdermal tissue of the skin by using one thread. It also reduces the excess orbital fat through the conjunctiva without wounding the skin and makes face washing or application of make-up possible immediately after the operation. Only one ligation is left at the lateral subconjunctiva to avoid its appearance on the skin surface to effect easy correction in case necessary. This method has evolved from previous method of transcutaneously burying sutures for the double eyelid, which was made wide by a linear suture by using one thread. Insufficient results were observed in eight of 280 cases.     

食用油脂成分和过氧化值测定

本文测定了玉米油、豆油、紫草油、鱼油、牛油和猪油中脂肪酸,维生素 A、E 及过氧化物含量.结果表明来源于动物的脂肪富含饱和脂肪酸,而植物性脂肪则富含单或多不饱和脂肪酸。鱼油富含ω-3脂肪酸和维生素 A。植物油含维生素 E 较多。含不饱和脂肪酸的鱼油和紫草油过氧化值较高。     

脂肪栓塞综合征的病因和发病机制的研究及其进展

脂肪栓塞综合征导致的组织损伤,既可以是脂肪颗粒阻塞血管导致的直接损伤,以及游离脂肪酸毒性的破坏所引起,又可以是激活的血小板、凝结物和纤维蛋白级联反应的结果。近年来的临床和实验研究表明,脂肪栓塞综合征的发生亦与人体肺内血管紧张素转换酶的活性和全身炎性反应综合征有关。     

Resection of the buccal fat pad in the treatment of hypertrophy of the masseter muscle

Partial resection of the buccal fat pad added to the resection of the masseter muscle clearly improves the results in hypertrophy of these muscles.     

Alprazolam increases food intake in humans

The present study investigated the effect of alprazolam on the pattern of food intake in seven male participants living in a residential laboratory for 17 days. A wide selection of meals, snacks and beverages was freely available. Capsule administration occurred at 1300 and 1730 hours. Food intake on days when alprazolam (0.75 mg) was administered (days 2, 11) was compared to days when no capsule (days 1, 9) or placebo (days 3, 10) was administered. Alprazolam increased total caloric intake by approximately 975 kcal from a baseline of 2800 kcal. Alprazolam increased the number of eating occasions occurring in the evening (1700–2330 hour), without altering the size of eating occasions (kcal), or the proportion of total calories derived from carbohydrate, fat and protein. These data demonstrate alprazolam’s robust effects on food intake in humans. Received: 18 February 1997 /Final version: 13 April 1997     

Plasma clearance of fat emulsion during continuous heparin infusion

Intravenous fat tolerance was tested in two groups of patients given a continuous i.v. infusion of heparin for several days. One group of 11 patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg was given 25,000-35,000 IU heparin daily for 4-5 days. The other group comprised 10 patients who had central venous catheters (CVC) for total parenteral nutrition. These patients were given 20,000 IU heparin daily for 6 days as prophylaxis against CVC-related thrombosis. In the DVT group heparinization was associated with a 44% decrease in plasma fat removal capacity (P less than 0.05). This reduction persisted for 2 days after the discontinuation of heparin therapy. In the CVC group the plasma fat removal capacity decreased by 29% during heparinization (P greater than 0.05, NS). During heparinization activated partial thromboplastin time was more than three times the basal value in the DVT group but less than twice those in the CVC group. One week after the heparin therapy the serum triglyceride levels were higher in both groups compared with initial values (DVT group: 1.2 +/- 0.2 s.e. mean vs. 1.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/l; P less than 0.05. CVC group: 1.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/l; NS). The possibility that full-dose heparinization reduces plasma fat removal capacity and that this may be due to a partial depletion of lipoprotein lipase stores is discussed.