Non-destructive determination of fat and moisture contents in Salmon (Salmo salar) fillets using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging coupled with spectral and textural features

The feasibility of using NIR hyperspectral imaging technique for predicting fat and moisture contents in salmon fillets was assessed by integrating both characteristic wavelengths and image texture features. Monte Carlo-uninformative variable elimination (MC-UVE) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were combined to extract characteristic wavelengths. Ten textural features of the principal component images were obtained using histogram statistics (HS) and gray level co-occurrence matrices (GLCMs) methods. Three types of models (PLS, MLR and LS-SVM) were established based on different types of inputs including only characteristic wavelengths, only texture parameters and combination both characteristic wavelengths and textures, respectively. Compared among all models, LS-SVM model coupled with wavelength and texture information gave the highest prediction accuracies with R_P = 0.9685, RMSEP = 1.1750, RPD = 4.0162 for fat and R_P = 0.9688, RMSEP = 0.8021, RPD = 4.0357 for moisture, respectively. This study showed that the prediction accuracy can be improved by combining spectral features with textural features and the fusion of characteristic wavelength and textural features had better potential than single spectral information in assessing the fat and moisture contents of salmon. Satisfactory prediction results confirmed the suitability of NIR hyperspectral imaging for quantitative prediction of fat and moisture in salmon.     

3.0 T MR MS–DIR 序列在膝关节滑膜病变诊断中的价值

〔摘 要〕 目的：探讨 3.0 T 磁共振（MR）多片技术双反转恢复（MS–DIR）序列在膝关节滑膜病变诊断中的价值。 方法：选取福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院 2018 年 6 月至 2021 年 6 月期间收治的 100 例膝关节滑膜病变患者作为研 究对象，均接受 3.0 T MR MS–DIR 序列和脂肪抑制 T1 增强（T1WI–FS–CE）序列检查，以 T1WI–FS–CE 为金标准，分析 MS–DIR 诊断膝关节滑膜病变类型与 T1WI–FS–CE 诊断结果的一致性并进行图像评分。结果：T1WI–FS–CE 和 MS–DIR 序 列诊断膝关节滑膜病变类型的 Kappa 值为 0.797；MS–DIR 序列图像整体质量、图像均匀度、滑膜细节和 T1WI–FS–CE 序 列比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。结论：MS–DIR 和 T1WI–FS–CE 序列诊断膝关节滑膜病变类型一致性好，准确 度高，且与 T1WI–FS–CE 序列图像评分相当。     

Assessment of the effect of esterified propoxylated glycerol (EPG) on the status of fat-soluble vitamins and select water-soluble nutrients following dietary administration to humans for 8 weeks

This double-blind, randomized, controlled study assessed the effect of esterified propoxylated glycerol (EPG) on fat-soluble vitamins and select nutrients in human subjects. For 8 weeks, 139 healthy volunteers consumed a core diet providing adequate caloric and nutrient intakes. The diet included items (spread, muffins, cookies, and biscuits) providing EPG (10, 25, and 40 g/day) vs. margarine alone (control). EPG did not significantly affect circulating retinol, α-tocopherol, or 25-OH D₂, but circulating β-carotene and phylloquinone were lower in the EPG groups, and PIVKA-II levels were higher; 25-OH D₃ increased but to a lesser extent than the control. The effect might be related to EPG acting as a lipid “sink” during gastrointestinal transit. No effects were seen in secondary endpoint measures (physical exam, clinical pathology, serum folate, RBC folate, vitamin B₁₂, zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, osteocalcin, RBP, intact PTH, PT, PTT, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides). Gastrointestinal adverse events (gas with discharge; diarrhea; oily spotting; oily evacuation; oily stool; liquid stool; soft stool) were reported more frequently by subjects receiving 25 or 40 g/day of EPG. In general, the incidence and duration of these symptoms correlated directly with EPG dietary concentration. The results suggest 10 g/day of EPG was reasonably well tolerated.     

Distinct causal effects of body fat distribution on cardiometabolic traits among children: Findings from the BCAMS study

Background and aimsObservational studies reveal that different body fat measures are associated with cardiometabolic disease with different effects. However, causality is not reflected by such observations. To explore and compare the causal relationships of general obesity (measured by body mass index (BMI)), adipose obesity (measured by fat mass percentage (FMP)) and central obesity (measured by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) with cardiometabolic traits among children.Methods and resultsWe conducted one sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in 3266 children from Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome Study. Genetic instruments based on 28 SNPs were performed to explore and compare the causal associations of genetically BMI, FMP and WHtR with cardiometabolic traits. The genetic instruments were robustly correlated with observed BMI, FMP and WHtR. Each genetically 1-SD increment in BMI, FMP and WHtR were causally associated with increment in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), log-transformed fasting plasma glucose (FPG), log-transformed HOMA-β, and decrease in log-transformed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), respectively (all P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that BMI and FMP showed stronger effects on SBP, DBP, HOMA-β and HDL than WHtR (all P < 0.05). We also observed causal associations of BMI and FMP with log-transformed fasting insulin and HOMA-IR.ConclusionsThe MR analysis based on population-based cohort indicated a causal relationship of adiposity and body fat distribution with cardiometabolic traits. When compared with central obesity, general obesity and adipose obesity might own stronger effects on blood pressure and blood lipids among children.