扩张颞顶筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯支架全耳廓再造术

目的 探讨采用预制颞顶筋膜瓣置入于残耳乳突区皮下进行扩张,观察以扩张的筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯(porous high density polyethylene,Medpor)支架做全耳廓再造术的方法 和效果.方法 30例先天性小耳畸形,手术分两期:Ⅰ期,设计带有颞浅动静脉顶支为血管蒂的预制岛状颞浅筋膜瓣,植入残耳侧乳突区皮下腔穴,然后置入皮肤扩张器进行同期同步扩张;Ⅱ期,将扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣掀起,覆盖于Medpor支架上,耳后创面中厚植皮,进行全耳廓再造术.结果 经6个月至3年的随访观察,再造耳廓外形逼真,皮色红润,与周围皮肤颜色无异,其大小、形状、位置与面部协调,与健耳对称,微细结构显示清晰.结论 选用Medpor支架,只要熟悉此材料的生物特性,选择合适的手术操作步骤要点,然后采用预制扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣覆盖支架,可将手术并发症减少到最低限度,具有创伤小、操作简单、疗程短、术后效果满意、可避免耳廓外形臃肿或支架外露等优点.耳后筋膜皮瓣与颞浅筋膜瓣两者结合,是目前较为理想的全耳廓再造的一种方法 .     

带蒂大转子骨瓣修复股骨头生物力学研究

目的探讨带血管蒂大转子骨瓣转移治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的生物力学特点。方法比格犬22只,8—12个月龄,雌、雄各11例,体重7—10kg;分为3组,A组2只（4髋）作为正常对照组,B组右侧股骨头坏死组（20髋）,C组左侧带血管蒂大转子骨瓣修复组（20髋）。分别于术后3、6、10、12、18、24周行CT扫描,24周后行生物力学测试和股骨头三维有限元分析。结果24周后影像学检查发现C组大转子骨瓣与周围骨组织有很好的相融性,C组再造的股骨头抗压强度与A组正常接近,而与坏死股骨头统计学有明显的差异（P〈0．05）,三维有限元分析修复的股骨头最大应变和应力接近正常,而与坏死有显著的差别。结论带血管蒂大转子骨瓣修复股骨头能恢复其生物力学     

Umbilicoplasty with 3 triangular skin flaps and excised diamond-shaped skin flap

Purpose

In cases of large umbilical hernias, standard surgical techniques have proven inadequate for diminishing the diameter of the umbilicus. We have modified the 3- and 4-triangular-skin-flap techniques to diminish the diameter of the umbilicus and achieve a cosmetically acceptable umbilicus.

Materials and Methods

Umbilicoplasty was performed in 149 children (median age, 2.5 years; range, 3 months-10 years) between 2003 and 2008. We created 4 skin flaps 1.5 cm in length on the umbilicus and excised the cranial diamond-shaped skin flap. After closure of the fascial defect, the diameter of the umbilicus was diminished by suturing the opened cranial part of the diamond-shaped skin flap vertically. The tips of the 3 remaining flaps were then anchored to the closed fascia.

Results

Postoperatively, granulation tissue occurred in 18 cases (12%), transient erythema of a flap in 15 cases (10%), and bulging of a skin flap in 15 cases (10%). These complications were reduced by suturing adjoining skin flaps. No recurrent hernias were encountered. The postoperative umbilical appearance was satisfactory in all cases.

Conclusion

This surgical technique is effective for diminishing the diameter of the umbilicus and creating a cosmetically acceptable shaped umbilicus, even for large umbilical hernias.     

额部扩张后劈裂双瓣在全鼻再造术中的应用

目的:改良传统额部扩张皮瓣行鼻再造的方法,克服再造术后的鼻外形臃肿、需二次手术整复等不足,提高鼻再造手术的质量。方法:手术分两期进行,一期在额部置入扩张器,扩张完成后,二期将扩张后的额部皮瓣分离成两个组织瓣,即含真皮下毛细血管网的超薄皮瓣和额肌瓣,利用肌瓣包裹鼻假体支架,利用超薄皮瓣完成鼻再造。结果:应用该方法行全鼻再造手术3例,皮瓣均成活良好,手术结果满意。结论:额部扩张后劈裂双瓣行全鼻再造,手术方法简单,解决了传统的额部皮瓣再造鼻手术后的臃肿和需二期整形手术问题,减轻了患者的负担,是值得推广的一种手术方法。     

岛状臀大肌肌皮瓣在臀部软组织缺损修复中的应用

目的：探讨岛状臀大肌肌皮瓣在臀部软组织缺损尤其是骶尾部褥疮修复中的应用。方法：以臀大肌臀上动脉穿出点为旋转轴,利用臀上动脉和臀下动脉交通支所在的臀大肌外缘肌为蒂,以旋转点至缺损区最近点为肌皮瓣蒂长度,根据缺损部位及大小进行肌皮瓣设计,形成岛状肌皮瓣,肌皮瓣面积稍大于缺损区创面。蒂部仅含臀大肌外缘肌肉,宽度1.5～2.0cm。沿设计线切开皮肤找到臀大肌臀上动脉穿出点及臀大肌外缘,向远端解剖,在臀大肌下形成的岛状皮瓣,通过皮下隧道将肌皮瓣转移到缺损区,逐层缝合切口。供区视大小可行直接拉拢缝合或邻近皮瓣转移或植皮修复。结果：应用岛状臀大肌肌皮瓣修复臀部软组织缺损7例,术后肌皮瓣全部成活,被修复处色泽、厚度及外形均满意。结论：岛状臀大肌肌皮瓣血供丰富,血管恒定,抗感染能力强,切取及转移方便,是修复臀部软组织缺损尤其是骶尾部褥疮的理想肌皮瓣。     

臀部穿支皮瓣在褥疮修复中的应用

目的：探讨臀上或臀下穿支皮瓣修复臀部褥疮的方法及效果。方法：采用臀上或臀下穿支皮瓣修复臀部褥疮共9例。皮瓣面积为6cm×10cm～8cm×20cm,覆盖受区溃疡大小为4cm×7cm～7cm×18cm。结果：术后皮瓣全部成活,随访3个月～1年半,皮瓣质地良好,外形不臃肿,供区愈合良好。结论：臀上或臀下穿支皮瓣血运可靠,设计灵活,手术切取简便安全,保留臀大肌,供区无须植皮,是修复臀部褥疮创面的理想方法。     

皮瓣充填加乳头短期持续牵引治疗重度乳头内陷

目的：探索一种效果持久、不易复发、对乳腺导管损伤比较轻的治疗重度乳头内陷的方法。方法：在凹陷乳头两侧乳晕内设计制作去表皮真皮组织瓣,乳头基底部钝性分离贯通,直视下钝性松解条索,不剪断乳腺导管,真皮组织充填支撑乳头基底。用七号注射器针头贯穿乳头基底部,乳晕处用纱布垫付,持续牵引乳头2周。结果：2005年～2009年8月采用此方法共治疗26例重度乳头内陷的患者,效果满意,乳头形态正常,感觉良好,哺乳正常。结论：采用真皮组织瓣充填支撑加乳头持续牵引是治疗重度乳头内陷的可靠方法,可有效防止术后复发。术中不剪断乳腺导管,尽量保持了术后哺乳功能。手术加牵引可缩短牵引治疗时间,用纱布块衬垫作牵引装置简便,舒适,实用。     

眼睑局部皮瓣在修复睑缘色素痣切除后创面中的应用

目的：介绍睑缘色素痣手术切除后创面修复的方法。方法：根据睑缘色素痣切除后眼睑缺损创面的层次、大小及形状,选用适当的眼睑局部皮瓣修复睑缘缺损,如：＂A-T＂皮瓣、＂风筝＂皮瓣、＂H＂形推进皮瓣。共施行手术38例,其中缺损创面位于上睑缘者23例,下睑缘者15例;睑缘全层缺损9例,睑缘前层皮肤缺损29例;睑缘缺损面积最小者约为0.5cm×0.6cm,最大者约为1.6cm×0.8cm。共利用＂A-T＂皮瓣16例、＂风筝＂皮瓣13例、＂H＂形推进皮瓣9例。结果：本组患者术后皮瓣全部成活,切口均Ⅰ期愈合,其中33例术后获得随访1周～16周,眼睑外观形态良好,眼睑切口无明显瘢痕,睑缘弧线正常自然,双眼睑形态对称,眼睑闭合功能正常。结论：睑缘色素痣因其位置的特殊性,灵活选用眼睑局部皮瓣修复睑缘缺损,能获得满意的眼睑功能和美容性重建效果。     

颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复眉额部皮肤缺损

目的：探讨应用颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复眉额部皮肤缺损的方法。方法：对10例眉额部皮肤缺损的患者,应用颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复。结果：10例患者皮瓣全部成活,颜色、质地与正常额部皮肤相似,效果满意。结论：应用颞区皮下蒂皮瓣转移修复眉额部皮肤缺损是一种简单、可行的方法。     

Secondary reconstruction of below knee amputation stump with free anterolateral thigh flap

Below knee stump preservation reduces ambulatory energy expenditure and improves the quality of life. Reconstruction of soft tissue loss around the stump is a challenging task. Below knee stump reconstruction demands stable skin with sufficient soft tissue to allow weigh bearing. Microsurgical tissue transfer is increasingly being used as a salvage option. Anterolateral thigh flap with additional vastus lateralis muscle provides extra cushioning effect. We report two cases of amputation below knee successfully salvaged. The anterolteral flap with abundant tissue and stable skin offers a reliable option for cover. Two patients with below knee amputation were reconstructed secondarily. After 6 to 20 months of follow -up, stumps showed no signs of pressure effects. Patients are able to bear 50-70 hours of weight per week.