范忠泽以“治未病”思想防治胃癌经验

介绍范忠泽教授以"治未病"思想论治胃癌的临床经验。认为胃癌是由脾胃虚弱,湿邪、气滞、热毒郁胃所致,本虚标实是其主要病机,治疗宜益气补脾、燥湿理气、清热解毒;临床注重辨病与辨证结合,颇有良效。     

CBCT/CT与普通X线片在上颌前牙区埋伏多生牙定位的比较

目的探讨锥形束CT(CBCT)/CT与普通X线片在上颌前牙区埋伏多生牙定位检查的应用价值。方法结合临床病例,对上颌前牙区完全埋伏多生牙采用CBCT/CT与多种普通X线片定位方法进行比较和分析。结果普通X线片对埋伏多生牙的定位有一定帮助,视差定位法是比较经济和实用的定位方法。CBCT/CT检查能准确展示多生牙的三维结构,并进行相应的测量与辅助手术设计,与普通X线片比具有显著优势。结论上颌前牙区埋伏多生牙可根据医疗条件选择适合的定位检查方法,而CBCT检查将是发展的趋势。     

NSF-Based Analysis of the Structural Stressing State of Trussed Steel and a Concrete Box Girder

This paper analyses the characteristics of the mechanical behavior of a trussed steel and concrete box beam under bending conditions based on the structural stressing state theory and the numerical shape function method. Firstly, the parametric generalized strain energy density was introduced to characterize the structural stressing state of trussed steel stud concrete box girders, and the strain energy density sum was plotted. Then the Mann-Kendall criterion was used to discriminate the leap point of the curve change and to redefine the structural failure load. By analyzing the strain and displacement, the existence of a sudden change in the structural response during the load-bearing process was again demonstrated. Afterwards, the numerical shape function method was used to extend the strain data, and further in-depth analyses of strain/stress fields and internal forces were carried out to show in detail the working characteristics of each under load. Through an in-depth analysis from different angles, the rationality of updating the failure load was verified. Finally, the effects of different structure parameters on the evolution of the structural stresses of the members were analyzed in a transversal comparison. The analysis results of the stress state of a steel-concrete truss structure reveal the working behavior characteristics of a steel-concrete truss structure from a new angle, which provides a reference for the design of a steel-concrete truss structure in the future.     

Picosecond Bessel Beam Fabricated Pure,Gold-Coated Silver Nanostructures for Trace-Level Sensing of Multiple Explosives and Hazardous Molecules

A zeroth-order, non-diffracting Bessel beam, generated by picosecond laser pulses (1064 nm, 10 Hz, 30 ps) through an axicon, was utilized to perform pulse energy-dependent (12 mJ, 16 mJ, 20 mJ, 24 mJ) laser ablation of silver (Ag) substrates in air. The fabrication resulted in finger-like Ag nanostructures (NSs) in the sub-200 nm domain and obtained structures were characterized using the FESEM and AFM techniques. Subsequently, we employed those Ag NSs in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) studies achieving promising sensing results towards trace-level detection of six different hazardous materials (explosive molecules of picric acid (PA) and ammonium nitrate (AN), a pesticide thiram (TH) and the dye molecules of Methylene Blue (MB), Malachite Green (MG), and Nile Blue (NB)) along with a biomolecule (hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL)). The remarkably superior plasmonic behaviour exhibited by the AgNS corresponding to 16 mJ pulse ablation energy was further explored. To accomplish a real-time application-oriented understanding, time-dependent studies were performed utilizing the AgNS prepared with 16 mJ and TH molecule by collecting the SERS data periodically for up to 120 days. The coated AgNSs were prepared with optimized gold (Au) deposition, accomplishing a much lower trace detection in the case of thiram (~50 pM compared to ~50 nM achieved prior to the coating) as well as superior EF up to ~10⁸ (~10⁶ before Au coating). Additionally, these substrates have demonstrated superior stability compared to those obtained before Au coating.     

Optimization-Based Economical Flexural Design of Singly Reinforced Concrete Beams: A Parametric Study

In the past, many studies have been conducted on the optimization of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. These studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of different optimization techniques to obtain an economical design. However, the use of optimization techniques to an obtain economical design is not so practical due to the difficulty in applying most of the optimization techniques to achieve an optimal solution. The RC beam is one of the most common structural elements encountered by a practising design engineer. The current study is designed to highlight the potential of the Solver tool in MS Excel as an easy-to-use option for optimizing the design of simply supported RC beams. A user-friendly interface was developed in a spreadsheet in which beam design parameters from a typical design can be entered and an economical design can be obtained using the Evolutionary Algorithm available in the MS Excel Solver tool. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed optimization tool, three examples obtained from the literature have been optimized. The results showed that up to 24% economical solution can be obtained by keeping the same material strengths that were assumed in the original design. However, if material strength is also considered as a variable, up to 44% of the economical solution can be obtained. A parametric study was also conducted to investigate the effect of different design variables on the economical design of simply supported RC beams and to derive useful rules of thumb for their design and proportioning, with the objective of cost minimization. The results of the parametric study suggest that the grade of the reinforcing steel is one of the most influential factors that affect the cost of simply supported RC beams. Practicing engineers can use the trends derived from this research to further refine their optimal designs.     

Effect of 99 GHz continuous millimeter wave electro-magnetic radiation on E. coli viability and metabolic activity

Purpose:?To investigate time exposure dependence of continuous millimeter wave (CW) 99?GHz radiation on Escherichia coli bacterial cell viability and metabolic activity.

Materials and methods:?Suspensions of E. coli bacterial cells with an optical density of OD_660nm?=?0.1 were used for viability tests and OD_660nm?=?1.0 for metabolic activity tests. These suspensions were exposed to 99?GHz CW electromagnetic radiation, generated by a Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) tube base instrument with a horn antenna at the BWO exit, to obtain an almost ideal Gaussian beam. Calculations of the Gaussian beam show that a power of 0.2?mW/cm² was obtained at the bacterial plane.

Results:?The experimental results show that 1 hour of exposure to 99?GHz CW electromagnetic radiation had no effect on E. coli viability and colony characterisation. In 19?h of radiation, the number of colonies forming units was half order of magnitude higher than the sham-exposed and the control. However, 19?h of exposure did not affect the E. coli metabolic activity.

Conclusions:?Exposure of E. coli to millimeter wave (MW) CW 99?GHz radiation for a short period did not affect the viability of E. coli bacterial cells. However, exposure for 19?h caused a slight proliferation but did not influence the metabolic activities of about 90 biochemical reactions that were examined. Hence, we assume that the slight proliferation (half order of magnitude) after 19?h of exposure dose not have a biological meaning.     

Electrophysiological,biochemical and ultrastructural effects of radiotherapy on normal rat sciatic nerve

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the electrophysiological, biochemical and ultrastructural changes on the rat sciatic nerve after radiotherapy.

Material and Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups as: Control group (n = 10), Group I: 3 months after radiotherapy (n = 10), and Group II: 6 months after radiotherapy (n = 10). Groups I and II were irradiated with a ⁶⁰Co gamma source. A dose of 20 Gy in 10 fractions was applied to Groups I and II. Compound motor action potentials (CMAP) were recorded in all groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the sciatic nerve of rats using the biochemical methods. Ultrastructural changes were determined by electron microscopy.

Results: In Groups I and II, the amplitude of CMAP was significantly lower and the latency was significantly higher than that of the control group. There were no significant differences between Groups I and II regarding the CMAP amplitude and latency. The MDA levels were significantly increased, whereas the SOD and CAT activities were significantly decreased in experimental groups when compared with the control group. However, there were no significant changes in these parameters between Groups I and II. Degeneration in myelinated nerve fibers was observed ultrastructurally only in the experimental groups. Significant changes were observed between the control group and experimental groups in terms of ultrastructural myelin grading score and axonal damage score. No significant differences were found between Groups I and II.

Conclusions: These findings indicated that the dose of 20 Gy in 10 fractions radiotherapy caused neuropathic damages in normal rat sciatic nerve 3 and 6 months after irradiation.     

创伤后颅骨缺损EBCT三维测量及数据库的建立

目的 探索建立创伤后颅骨缺损数据库，为颅骨缺损的三维测量及个性化设计提供研究的平台。方法 对电子束CT扫描颅骨缺损的患者，应用自主开发的骨组织表面绘制软件3DMSR对CT原始数据进行分析处理和三维测量，并转换成适用于快速成型、个性化修复和数据库建立的通用格式。结果 1995年至2004年，对84例创伤后颅骨缺损的患者，应用电子束CT和计算机辅助设计技术进行三维测量和个性化手术模拟，根据不同病例的具体情况分别采用自体颅骨外板、自体下颌骨外板、MEDPOR、钛网及钛合金个性化修复体等方法完成治疗，并将相关信息建成颅骨缺损数据库。结论 颅骨缺损数据库的建立，对于个性化治疗方案及相关研究，具有积极的意义。     

Extent of surgery in the management of locally advanced sinonasal malignancies

BACKGROUND: The relative importance of surgery within multimodality regimens commonly used to treat advanced sinonasal malignancies remains unknown. METHODS: One hundred two patients with locally advanced sinonasal cancers treated with proton beam radiation therapy with or without surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Extent of surgery and outcome variables of local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival were evaluated. Patterns of failure were also assessed. RESULTS: Extent of surgery correlated with disease-free survival and overall survival rates. Local control rate, however, was independent of the degree of surgical resection achieved. Overall, treatment failure most commonly resulted from distant metastases, which occurred in 30% of patients and also correlated with extent of surgical resection. Tumor type-specific outcomes reveal differences associated with the extent of surgery achieved. CONCLUSION: High-dose radiotherapy with proton beam resulted in excellent local control rates in patients with locally advanced sinonasal cancer, irrespective of the extent of surgery. Complete resection, however, was predictive of improved disease-free survival and decreased rate of distant metastasis.     

锥形束CT在青少年多生牙诊断中的应用

目的：观察青少年多生牙影像学和临床特点,阐明锥形束CT （CBCT）在多生牙诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：选取经过CBCT扫描并已确诊的青少年多生牙患者共146例,分析患者性别、多生牙数目、形态、位置及与邻牙及骨组织的结构关系等,评估多生牙形态不同引起邻牙吸收率的变化。结果：146例患者男女比例为1.98：1（97/49）,其中95例（65.07%）为单个多生牙。146例患者共有203颗多生牙,其中圆锥形多生牙为132颗（65.02%）,倒置多生牙112颗（55.17%）,牙根弯曲多生牙48颗（23.65%）;多生牙形态不同引起牙根吸收率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：CBCT可直观显示多生牙数目和位置等影像学及临床特点,可为多生牙的诊断和治疗方案的制定提供重要的临床依据。