家庭心理教育在精神分裂症患者康复中的作用

探讨家庭心理教育对精神分裂症康复的影响,方法采用对照研究的方法,对病人家属进行家庭心理教育,应用ＢＲＰＳ和Ｍ－ＳＤＳＳ量表对病人进行评定。结果在两年间的历次评定中,研究组病人ＢＰＲＳ和Ｍ－ＳＤＳＳ量表评分明显低于对照组。结论家庭心理教育对促进精神分裂症病人康复具有积极意义。     

发展家庭医学之必然趋势

发展全科医学的必要性已逐渐为社会所共识,从家庭的特性和时代的要求两个方面阐述了发展家庭医学的必然趋势。     

A healthcare staff decision model considering the effects of staff cross‐training

In this study a staff planning model for a health service clinic has been developed and validated using an example case of a health service clinic. The primary purpose of this research is to develop a representative staff planning model which balances the cost and benefits of staff task flexibility through crosstraining for a healthcare facility. Additionally, legal requirements for task substitution in the healthcare industry have been considered in the model.     

COVID-19 vaccine and pregnancy: A safety weapon against pandemic

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is raising great concern all over the world. The recent introduction of vaccines has offered reason for optimism, however, new issues have arisen, such as vaccine reluctance. The safety of vaccines for pregnant women is one of the most serious of these concerns. The purpose of this review article is to provide updated international vaccine recommendations, results of ongoing studies and clinical trials, and the role of gynecologists in counseling the women to understand the risks versus benefits as well as form an informed decision towards vaccine acceptance for COVID-19.Although COVID-19 infection increases the risk of severe morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, pregnant women were not included in the initial vaccine trials. As a result, safety information is scarce. Nations have differing recommendations, though many have recently approved the COVID-19 immunization in pregnancy following a risk-benefit analysis. The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization (JCVI) of the United Kingdom recently approved an mRNA vaccination for pregnant women. Vaccination is recommended by the CDC, ACOG, ARFM, and WHO. India recently took a stand, with the ICMR and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare recommending vaccination during pregnancy and lactation.     

Single-handed practices – their contribution to an undergraduate teaching network in the first year of the new curriculum

OBJECTIVES: The new curriculum at King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, which commenced in September 1996, requires all medical undergraduates to have a general practice placement throughout the 5 years of their medical education. DESIGN: This paper discusses recruitment, training and support of teaching practices for the new curriculum, reviews the distribution of single-handed general practices in the network and, via a selection of monitoring and evaluation procedures, discusses the implications of a policy which is inclusive of single-handed practices. The findings relate to the experience of the first semester of the first year of the new curriculum. It also examines the contributions that single-handed practices have made to the teaching network and the kind of support needed, if single-handed practices are to continue to contribute to the King's teaching network. SETTING: King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry. SUBJECTS: Medical undergraduates. RESULTS: The findings of this paper revealed that over a third of general practice provision is via single-handed practices in South-east London. Within the undergraduate teaching network, 10% of practices are single-handed. Students are welcomed and receive a learning experience comparable to those students in larger practices. Attendance at training events has proved difficult for some of these tutors, but the extra input from the department, in order to address this deficit, has not been onerous. Indeed, single-handed practices have not been unique with regard to difficulties in attendance at training events. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that single-handed practices can make satisfactory provision for undergraduates in the new curriculum and there is no evidence from this study to suggest otherwise.     

1991年我国8省已婚妇女婚姻状况分析

利用１９９１年我国与美国北卡罗莱纳大学人口中心合作项目＂中国经济、人口和营养健康状况调查＂的调查资料,对中国辽宁、江苏、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广西、贵州共８个省的４２８８名５０岁以下的已婚妇女的婚姻状况进行了统计分析。结果表明：１９９１年８省城、乡妇女在婚比为８７．７１％,离婚和分居比为０．４４％,丧偶比为１０．３０％。妇女已婚比２０岁以下为０．９０％,２０～３０岁为６６．９２％,３０岁以上为９７．７７％。１９９１年８省妇女平均初婚年龄为２３．７０岁,普通生育率达１．９０３％,生育１胎的比例为４６．９２％,生育２胎或２胎以上者占３２．６３％和２０．４４％,男女性别比１．１１：１。从计划生育指标来看,城、乡妇女晚婚率为４６．６６％,总节育率为６３．４１％,绝育率达２４．９７％,避孕率为３１．８９％。城、乡主要使用的节育措施为绝育术和避孕环,各占４９．７１％和４４．４９％,而使用避孕套节育的只占１．００％,药物避孕占３．３６％。总的看来,８省妇女的婚姻较稳定,平均初婚年龄逐年推迟,普通生育率水平较低。计划生育工作成效显著,但某些地区仍存在早婚早育和多胎生育的现象。     

Family history as an independent risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in a low incidence area (Galicia, Spain)

It has been suggested that a family history positive for coronaryheart disease (CHD) increases the risk of CHD. We studied thisassociation to determine the degree of risk, the independenceof this association and the presence of interaction of a familyhistory of CHD with the major known risk factors in a law incidencearea. One hundred and six hospital cases (85 males and 21 females)of CHD and 106 hospital controls individually matched with eachcase for sex, age and place of residence (rural–urban)were studied. From every participant, information was collectedon their personal and family history of cardiovascular diseaseand risk factors; height, weight, lipid profile and blood pressurewere measured, and an electrocardiogram was recorded. Conditionallogistic regression was used in the analysis. The observed odds ratio of patients suffering from CHD amongthose with, compared to those without, a positive family historyof CHD was 4.95 (95. confidence interval = 1.27–19.28)after adjusting for the major known risk factors in each individualand their families (no interaction term remained in the model). The results support the hypothesis that a family history ofCHD, acting through mechanisms other than known risk factorsor their familial aggregation, is an independent risk factorfor CHD even in a low incidence area. No interaction effectwas observed between family history and the presence of thethree major risk factors of CHD. This should help to identifyindividuals at greater risk of CHD.     

The “Scandinavian Star” ferry disaster 1990 -a challenge to forensic odontology

Summary With 158 victims, the fire on board the Scandinavian Star was one of the world's worst ferry disasters. A team of identification experts, including dentists, were employed to secure evidence for identification and to remove the victims from the ferry. Four parallel teams, each with 2 dentists, examined and autopsied the victims at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Oslo. Using the INTERPOL Disaster Victim Identification forms and aided by computers, all victims were identified within 17 days. Dental identity could be established in 107 cases (68%).