综合评估及个体化干预在预防老年人跌倒中的应用

目的 探讨老年综合评估及个体化干预在预防老年人跌倒、降低跌倒风险及发生率方面的作用.方法 选择2015年10月至2016年9月在华北理工大学附属医院老年病科住院患者,应用跌倒风险量表筛选出高风险患者共224例,按随机数字表法随机均分为干预组和对照组,其中对照组患者给予常规的入院疾病治疗、健康教育和临床护理,干预组在此基础上同时进行老年综合评估,并对评估后发现的问题实施科学的个体化干预方案.结果 研究前干预组和对照组跌倒风险评分相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.103);研究后干预组跌倒风险评分相比对照组下降更为明显,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);干预组跌倒发生率明显低于对照组(P=0.030).结论 综合评估及个体化的干预措施能有效降低老年人的跌倒风险,减少老年人跌倒的发生.     

3米后向步行试验评估脑卒中患者动态平衡功能的信效度和反应性

目的：检验3米后向步行试验（3MBWT）在脑卒中患者动态平衡功能评估中的信效度和反应性。方法：选取2020年12月至2021年6月温州医科大学附属第二医院40例脑卒中患者,完成3MBWT、Berg平衡量表（BBS）、“计时-起立-行走”测试（TUGT）和改良版Barthel指数（MBI）后进行Spearman相关分析。两位护理人员分别测试同一患者的3MBWT,2 h后其中1名研究人员重新测试该患者的3MBWT,计算组内相关系数（ICC）。治疗1周后,40例患者再次测试3MBWT、BBS和TUGT,比较3种工具对治疗前后效果的反应性。结果：3MBWT重测信度检验显示ICC值为0.889,评定者间信度ICC值为0.998;3MBWT与BBS（r=-0.854,P＜0.001）、TUGT（r=0.872,P＜0.001）强相关,3MBWT与MBI中度相关（r=-0.519,P＜0.001）;|ES|和|ERM|值排序依次为3MBWT＞TUGT＞BBS。结论：3MBWT在评价卒中患者动态平衡功能中具备良好的信度、效度和反应性。     

Computation of avoidance regions for driver assistance systems by using a Hamilton-Jacobi approach

We consider the problem of computing safety regions, modeled as nonconvex backward reachable sets, for a nonlinear car collision avoidance model with time-dependent obstacles. The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman framework is used. A new formulation of level set functions for obstacle avoidance is given, and sufficient conditions for granting the obstacle avoidance on the whole time interval are obtained even though the conditions are checked only at discrete times. Different scenarios, including various road configurations, different geometry of vehicle and obstacles, as well as fixed or moving obstacles, are then studied and computed. Computations involve solving nonlinear partial differential equations of up to five space dimensions plus time with nonsmooth obstacle representations, and an efficient solver is used to this end. A comparison with a direct optimal control approach is also done for one of the examples.     

PBL健康教育模式对老年糖尿病患者跌倒效能的影响

目的：探讨PBL教育模式对老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒效能的影响。方法随机选择本院会员管理的老年2型糖尿病患者154例作为PBL教育组,采用PBL健康教育模式干预,再随机选择普通建档的老年2型糖尿病患者128例为对照组,进行常规健康教育干预。采用修订版跌倒效能量表进行跌倒效能评估,随访半年后再次评分。结果干预前两组间各条目评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。干预后随访,对照组各条目评分与干预前比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,PBL教育组沐浴、上床与下床、简单的购物、乘坐公共交通工具、过马路、做轻体力园艺或晾晒衣服、上下楼梯等7个条目的评分较干预前明显升高,且显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论采用PBL教育模式可提高老年2型糖尿病患者的跌倒效能。     

以土家医三元论为指导的反选法在新药研究中的应用

根据土家医三元论中"药性、物质、功效"三元性提出的反选法,即是以常用的由功效到物质或由物质到功效的单向思维及研究方式为基础,利用传统药物多成分、多靶点优势,形成的由功效到功效或由物质到物质的双向/多向思维和研究方式。利用反选法以已知功效为起点,通过成分分析,发现另一种与已知功效相关联的新作用,从而发现传统药物新功效或更安全的用法;或者以已知物质成分为起点,通过成分分析,发现与已知功效相反的新成分,从而指导药物炮制或发现新药物资源与新药。反选法是一种简捷有效的研究方法,可以更好地利用传统药物多成分、多靶点优势,促进传统药物的合理使用及新药研发。     

改良Morse跌倒评估量表的可行性分析

目的探讨自制改良Morse跌倒评估量表在住院患者中应用的可行性。方法回顾性分析在2013年1月²013年12月收住院并完成Morse跌倒评估量表评分的196例患者,其中包括13例跌倒患者。采用改良后的评分表进行评估,了解改良前后的量表预测高危跌倒人群的情况。结果改良Morse跌倒评估量表得分较改良前高,筛查的高危患者多于原表,差异具有统计学意义(2=5.049,p=0.02)。结论结合工作实际对Morse跌倒评估量表进行改良可能在一定程度上提高预测跌倒风险的能力,更好地避免跌倒意外的发生。     

Different forms of locomotion in the spinal lamprey

Forward locomotion has been extensively studied in different vertebrate animals, and the principal role of spinal mechanisms in the generation of this form of locomotion has been demonstrated. Vertebrate animals, however, are capable of other forms of locomotion, such as backward walking and swimming, sideward walking, and crawling. Do the spinal mechanisms play a principal role in the generation of these forms of locomotion? We addressed this question in lampreys, which are capable of five different forms of locomotion – fast forward swimming, slow forward swimming, backward swimming, forward crawling, and backward crawling. To induce locomotion in lampreys spinalised at the second gill level, we used either electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at different rostrocaudal levels, or tactile stimulation of specific cutaneous receptive fields from which a given form of locomotion could be evoked in intact lampreys. We found that any of the five forms of locomotion could be evoked in the spinal lamprey by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, and some of them by tactile stimulation. These results suggest that spinal mechanisms in the lamprey, in the absence of phasic supraspinal commands, are capable of generating the basic pattern for all five forms of locomotion observed in intact lampreys. In spinal lampreys, the direction of swimming did not depend on the site of spinal cord stimulation, but on the stimulation strength. The direction of crawling strongly depended on the body configuration. The spinal structures presumably activated by spinal cord stimulation and causing different forms of locomotion are discussed.     

Attention modulates step initiation postural adjustments in Parkinson freezers

BackgroundIn view of freezing of gait's circumstances of occurrence in Parkinson's disease, attentional resources appear to be involved in step initiation failure. Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are essential because they allow unloading of the stepping leg and so create the conditions required for progression.Our main objective was to establish whether or not a change in attentional load during step initiation modulates APAs differently in patients with vs. without freezing of gait.MethodsThree groups of 15 subjects were recruited: elderly people and parkinsonian patients with or without freezing of gait. Attention was modulated before step execution by means of an auditory oddball discrimination task with event-related potential recording. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of inappropriate APAs following the attentional task, i.e. APAs not followed by a step after an intercurrent auditory stimulus.ResultsIn parkinsonian patients with freezing of gait, inappropriate APAs were recorded in 63% of the trials and were observed more frequently than in patients without freezing of gait (51%) and elderly controls (48%). Furthermore, inappropriate APAs in freezers were longer and more ample than in parkinsonian non-freezers and controls. Lastly, postural preparation was impaired in the parkinsonian patients.ConclusionOur results indicate that allocation of attentional resources during step preparation influences the release of APAs differently in freezers and non-freezers. Modulating attentional load is partly responsible for triggering an inappropriate motor program. This difficulty in focusing attention or resisting interference may contribute (at least in part) to the gait initiation failure observed in parkinsonian freezers.