北京地区中老年人FRAX骨折风险评估与BMD、骨代谢相关生化指标间的相关回归研究

目的探讨北京南郊地区中老年人FRAX评估未来10年全身骨折风险PMOF、骨密度BMD、骨代谢相关指标指标25(OH)D3、PTH、N-MID等在年龄、性别、体质指数之间的差异及变化趋势,研究PMOF、骨密度与各骨代谢相关生化指标之间的相关性。方法收集接受DXA桡骨远端骨密度(BMD)检查的体检人群1133例,代入FRAX骨折风险评估工具计算全身主要部位骨折概率(PMOF),收集相应骨代谢生化指标:25-羟维生素D3[25(OH)D_3],血清骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-MID),甲状旁腺素(PTH)、血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)等。分析比较各指标随年龄的变化趋势,比较各年龄组各指标性别间差异;分析比较不同性别、各年龄组中各指标在不同体质指数之间的差异及其变化趋势;采用多元逐步回归法分别分析未来10年骨折风险概率(PMOF)、BMD与各因素、各生化指标之间的相关回归关系。结果非优势手臂桡骨远端1/3处骨密度BMD随年龄增长而降低,各年龄组男性BMD值均大于女性,PMOF随年龄增长而增加,各年龄组男性PMOF均小于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各年龄组25(OH)D_3水平男性均大于女性,50岁以上年龄组N-MID男性均小于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多元逐步回归分析中BMD与年龄、N-MID呈负相关,与BMI为正相关,男性大于女性;PMOF与BMD、年龄呈负相关,与BMI、N-MID呈正相关,男性小于女性;在不同性别、各年龄组中BMI正常组的PMOF最低,超重组最高,差异有统计学意义。其他生化指标与BMD、PMOF之间的相关关系不显著(P0.05)。结论 BMD、PMOF与性别、年龄、BMI、骨钙素均相关,其中女性OF的风险均高于男性;BMD随年龄增长而降低,骨折风险增加;BMD与BMI呈正相关,但PMOF表现为超重人群骨折风险最高,故超重亦是使骨折风险增加的危险因素。随血清骨钙素增高,BMD降低,骨折风险增高,可在一定程度上反映骨组织的新陈代谢情况。关注骨代谢生化指标变化可在一定程度上预判骨密度及PMOF水平,对骨质疏松及其骨折的的早发现、早诊断、早预防和早治疗提供一定参考及理论依据。     

骨折风险评估工具FRAX对藏族患者临床应用价值的探讨

目的对行DXA检查的藏族、汉族患者同时行FRAX骨折风险预测评估,比较DXA检查提示骨质疏松检出率及FRAX评估提示高骨折风险率在藏汉两族患者间检出的差异;探讨FRAX骨折风险预测工具应用于藏族骨质疏松患者的临床价值。方法选取2017年9～10月到我院骨密度室行DXA检查的患者252例(藏族128例,汉族124例),对上述患者进行FRAX评估,估算其未来10年主要部位骨折风险、髋部骨折风险(使用中国香港测评系统, https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX/)。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件,正态性分布的计量资料以均数±标准差表示,非正态分布计量以中位数和四分间距位表示。组间比较独立样本t检验;诊断能力的评价指标用敏感性、特异性、Youden index表示。结果藏族患者平均DXA T/Z值水平高于汉族,但二者髋部骨折风险、主要部位骨折风险均无明显区别。藏族患者FRAX未来10年髋部主要骨折风险≥3%为治疗阈值时Youden index=0.4465。以主要部位骨折概率≥20%作为诊断标准时在藏族患者中敏感性为16.67%,在汉族患者中敏感性为12.5%,以髋部骨折风险概率≥3%,在藏族患者中敏感性为55.56%,在汉族患者中敏感性为37.5%。FRAX在评估藏族、汉族患者髋部及主要骨折部位骨折风险时,以主要部位骨折概率≥20%作为诊断标准,在藏、汉两族患者中特异性均为100%。以髋部骨折风险概率≥3%,在藏族患者中特异性为89.09%,在汉族患者中特异性为92%。结论 FRAX对于藏族患者骨折风险有较好的评估效能,使用未来10年髋部主要骨折风险≥3%为治疗阈值有较高的临床价值。在部分贫困藏区,当临床医生通过FRAX评估出高骨折风险(FRAX-M≥20%,FRAX-H≥3%)时,建议积极将患者转诊至上级医院进行及时诊疗。     

北京南郊地区成年人桡骨远端骨密度及FRAX骨折风险评分与BMI的相关分析和探索研究

目的探讨北京南郊地区不同性别成年人非优势手臂桡骨远端骨密度及骨折风险预测工具FRAX计算出的全身骨折风险与身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)及年龄之间的关系。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年6月期间在我院接受双能X线骨密度检测(DEXA)的体检人群2 680名作为研究对象,其中男性944名,女性1 736名,收集相关临床指标,计算BMI值,检测受检者非优势手臂的桡骨远端骨密度,登录网站计算FRAX骨折风险评分。按年龄及BMI分组,采用方差分析的方法分别研究桡骨远端骨密度及FRAX骨折风险评分与BMI及年龄之间的关系。采用最小显著性差异法(least significant difference,LSD)分别比较BMI各组及各年龄组桡骨远端骨密度和FRAX骨折风险评分的组间差异。结果 (1)北京南郊地区成年人非优势手臂桡骨远端骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)随年龄增高而降低,FRAX骨折风险评分即10年内发生全身骨质疏松性骨折的概率(probability of a major osteoporotic fracture,PMOF)随年龄增高而增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且各年龄组骨密度BMD值男性均高于女性,PMOF男性均低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)北京南郊地区成年人非优势手臂桡骨远端骨密度BMD随BMI的升高呈而增高,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不论性别,PMOF在BMI为24~27.9(超重组)达高峰,正常体重组及肥胖组均低于超重组。(3)BMI各组中男性BMD值均高于女性,PMOF各BMI组中男性均低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论桡骨远端骨密度BMD及PMOF与受检者性别、年龄、BMI均相关,其中同等年龄及BMI情况下,女性的骨折风险均高于男性;随着年龄增长,骨密度降低,骨折风险增加;随着BMI的增高,骨密度BMD逐渐增高,但此时骨折风险不随BMD的增高而降低,而表现为超重人群骨折风险最高,正常体重人群骨折风险最低,故超重亦是使骨折风险增加的危险因素。通过利用FRAX软件,测量桡骨远端骨密度的高低并充分考虑性别、年龄、BMI等因素可有效评估患者的骨折风险。     

应用FRAX工具评估类风湿关节炎患者骨质疏松性骨折风险

目的应用骨折风险评估工具(FRAX)评估类风湿关节炎(RA)患者10年内主要骨折及髋部骨折的发生率及相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2013年至2019年于北京市石景山医院风湿免疫科就诊且资料完整的RA患者206例,应用FRAX工具评估患者10年内主要骨折及髋部骨折发生风险。结果 (1)病程长、绝经时间长、病情活动度高及曾应用激素的RA患者10年内主要骨折及髋部骨折风险更高;(2)糖皮质激素日剂量及使用时间与RA患者10年内主要骨折及髋部骨折风险无明显相关性;(3)RF及抗CCP阳性与阴性患者间10年骨折发生风险无明显差异。结论绝经时间长、病程长、病情活动度高的RA患者骨质疏松性骨折发生风险更高,而FRAX模型中并未考虑到这些因素,因此,可能低估了这部分患者的骨折风险,临床工作中对这部分患者更应该防治骨质疏松及骨质疏松性骨折。     

应用FRAX工具评估骨折风险的回顾性研究

目的 通过对国内已发表使用FRAX工具进行骨折风险评估的相关文献进行分析评价,寻找更适合国人的FRAX评估骨折风险的国内阈值。方法 检索2021年4月以前的中国知网与万方数据库,主题词为“FRAX”,检索筛选出有具体FRAX计算结果、样本量≥30例和以国人为研究对象的文献,由2名评价者单独进行资料提取,做出文献质量评价后,摘录文中相关数据,采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果 共检索到216篇相关文献,其中19篇文献符合标准,包括20508例次数据,其中男性11632例,女性8876例。将男女的结果分开统计计算,使用FRAX工具评估10年全身多部位骨折发生概率（PMOF）,其中女性为(4.01±1.57)%,男性为(2.94±1.91)%,使用FRAX工具评估10年内髋部骨折风险概率（PHF）,其中女性为(1.25±0.68)%,男性为(1.09±0.75)%,男女在10年内PMOF及PHF的差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 国内FRAX工具估算10年PMOF和PHF与国外指南存在差异,PMOF推荐男性参考3%、女性参考4%;PHF推荐男性参考1%,女性参考1.25%。     

Fracture probability assessed using FRAX® in elderly women with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Objective

Patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) can have vitamin D deficiency, which is a cause of abnormal bone turnover. Several studies have established a relationship between osteoporosis and BPPV. The World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool, widely known as FRAX^® (http://www.shef.ac.uk/FRAX), is a computer-based algorithm for assessing fracture risk. No direct comparison has been made between the FRAX scores of patients with BPPV and controls. The purpose of this study was to determine whether women with BPPV are at high risk of fracture as assessed using FRAX.

High Alcohol Intake in Older Men and the Probability of Osteoporotic Fracture According to the FRAX Algorithm

We aimed to determine the contribution of high alcohol intake to fracture probability, calculated using a fracture-risk assessment tool (FRAX). Participants were 262 men (ages 60–90 y) in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Alcohol consumption was documented via a food frequency questionnaire; 46 (17.6%) consumed three or more units per day, fulfilling the criterion for high alcohol intake. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. We determined FRAX probabilities (%) for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture (HF), calculated with and without alcohol intake. Thresholds for high FRAX probabilities, calculated with or without BMD, were ≥20% for MOF and ≥3% for HF. Proportions of men with high HF-FRAX probabilities were consistently greater for drinkers compared with non-drinkers. For drinkers, paired differences showed that median MOF-FRAX_withoutBMD probabilities calculated with and without alcohol changed by −2.3, HF-FRAX_withoutBMD by −1.7, MOF-FRAX_withBMD by −1.4, and HF-FRAX_withBMD by −0.9 (all p < 0.001). We estimated that, should drinkers lower their alcohol consumption to <3 units/d, up to 66.7% of those at high risk for MOF and up to 41.0% at high risk for HF would reduce their FRAX probabilities to below the thresholds for high fracture risk. In the context of the Australian environment, these data describe the extent to which older men with high alcohol consumption are at increased risk for fracture.     

Relation between serum IL-17 level and risk of osteoporotic fracture in premenopausal rheumatoid arthritis patients: Clinical,radiological and laboratory studies

IntroductionOsteoporosis is a main extra-articular complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which may lead to fractures. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is one of the cytokines which plays a significant role in RA pathogenesis and promotion of osteoporosis.Aim of the workTo study the relation between serum IL-17 levels and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in pre-menopausal RA patients.Patients and methodsTwenty-five premenopausal RA patients and 20 matched healthy controls were included in this study. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking, thorough clinical examination, disease activity assessment using the disease activity score-28 (DAS-28) and disability was assessed using Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Bone mineral density and serum IL-17 levels were measured in patients and the control. Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX index) was also calculated.ResultsThe mean age of RA patients was 38.8 ± 7.6 years. The BMD was significantly reduced in patients compared to the control at the femur neck (p = 0.008), wrist (p = 0.046) and at the lumbar spine (p = 0.005). The Z score was below the expected range for age in 36% compared to 5% in the control (p = 0.03). Serum IL-17 concentrations were significantly higher in patients (5.99 ± 1.22 pg/ml) compared to the control (3.73 ± 2.15 pg/ml) (p < 0.001). Serum IL-17 levels showed a significant correlation with FRAX scores. Z-score interpretation showed a strong positive significant correlation with FRAX index; major osteoporotic fractures and hip fracture (p = 0.005 and p = 0.013, respectively) in patients.ConclusionThe premenopausal Rheumatoid arthritis patients showed a high fracture probability. Interleukin-17 serum level is associated with higher liability to fractures among rheumatoid patients.     

Assessment of fracture risk

Osteoporosis-related fractures are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure worldwide. The low sensitivity of bone density testing alone to predict fractures has led to the development of a variety of fracture assessment tools that use the combination of bone density and clinical risk factors to improve the prediction of low-trauma fractures. These fracture assessment tools quantitatively predict the 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporosis-related fractures, and can be used with various intervention strategies to effectively intervene with cost-effective therapies to prevent future fractures.     

Spine-Hip T-Score Difference Predicts Major Osteoporotic Fracture Risk Independent of FRAX: A Population-Based Report From CAMOS

The WHO fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX^®) estimates an individual’s 10-yr major osteoporotic and hip fracture probabilities. When bone mineral density (BMD) is included in the FRAX calculation, only the femoral neck measurement can be used. Recently, a procedure was reported for adjusting major osteoporotic fracture probability from FRAX with femoral neck BMD based on the difference (offset) between the lumbar spine and the femoral neck T-score values. The objective of the current analysis was to independently evaluate this algorithm in a population-based cohort of 4575 women and 1813 men aged 50 yr and older from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. For women and men combined, there was a 15% (95% confidence interval 7–24%) increase in major osteoporotic fracture risk for each offset T-score after adjusting for FRAX probability calculated with femoral neck BMD. The effect was stronger in women than men, but a significant sex interaction was not detected. Among the full cohort, 5.5% had their risk category reclassified after using the offset adjustment. Sex- and age-dependent offsets (equivalent to an offset based on Z-scores) showed improved risk classification among individuals designated to be at moderate risk with the conventional FRAX probability measurement. In summary, the T-score difference between the lumbar spine and femoral neck is an independent risk factor for major osteoporotic fractures that is independent of the FRAX probability calculated with femoral neck BMD.