化痰祛瘀法治疗肝豆状核变性研究进展

肝豆状核变性(WD)在西医学上是铜代谢障碍导致全身多器官损害等为主要临床特征的常染色体隐性单基因遗传疾病,病变影响肝、脑、肾、角膜等重要脏器。中医通过对WD患者临床症状及病理改变的认识,认为WD的基本病理因素为痰浊、瘀血,二者相互作用而发病,以痰瘀互结为主要的病机,贯穿疾病发展始终,故而运用化痰祛瘀法治疗WD在临床中常见。众多研究表明运用中药汤剂、中医外治法化痰祛瘀治疗可以有效缓解WD患者临床症状,发挥排铜优势、改善肝纤维化、改善脑流动力学、抑制炎症和抗氧化应激作用,进而延缓疾病进程,控制疾病发展。现结合新近研究成果,对化痰祛瘀法在WD的临床应用予以综述,以期为临床治疗WD提供中西医结合治疗有效的方案及依据。     

The Effect of a PEEK Material‐Based External Fixator in the Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures with Non‐Transarticular External Fixation

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of a PEEK material‐based external fixator in the treatment of distal radius fractures with non‐transarticular external fixation.MethodsThere were 48 patients in this prospective comparative study. They were divided into two groups according to the materials used: the PEEK group and the titanium group. Wrist dorsiflexion, palmar flexion, pronation, supination, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, grip strength of the palm on the affected side, kneading force, Visual Analogue Scale/Score (VAS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, operation time, frequency of fluoroscopy procedures, and X‐ray results were compared between the two groups. Functional recovery was evaluated at the last follow‐up according to the wrist joint evaluation criteria.ResultsThe baseline data were comparable between the two groups, and no significant differences were found in age, sex, fracture types (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the results of DASH, grip strength, and recovery of pinch force and wrist function (dorsiflexion, clavicle, ulnar deviation, deviation, pronation, and supination) (P > 0.05). Normal limb function was achieved in the two groups of patients at an average of 6 weeks after surgery, and there was no significant difference in X‐ray examination radial height (10.60 ± 1.59 vs 11.00 ± 1.53, P = 0.687), radial inclination (1.11 ± 0.24 vs 1.12 ± 0.24, P = 0.798), volar tilt (10.33 ± 2.13 vs 10.00 ± 2.08, P = 0.660), ulnar variance (20.87 ± 3.00 vs 20.38 ± 3.04, P = 0.748), and step‐off persistence (1.73 ± 0.69 vs 1.68 ± 0.72, P = 0.425) between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the operation time (54.80 ± 12.20 vs 85.23 ± 15.14, P = 0.033) and number of fluoroscopy procedures (36.93 ± 6.89 vs 64.77 ± 9.74, P = 0.000) in the PEEK group were significantly reduced compared with those in the titanium group.ConclusionCompared with the traditional titanium external fixator, the PEEK composite external fixator has advantages, such as a shorter operation time and fewer fluoroscopy procedures when used to treat different types of distal radius fracture.     

The superior laryngeal nerve loop and its surgical implications

Summary Based upon findings from 60 cadavers (120 sides), the incidence of superior laryngeal nerve loop, connecting the cervical sympathetic chain and the superior laryngeal nerve and its branches, the external and internal laryngeal nerve, was 98.3% (118 out of 120 sides). In most cases the loop connected the sympathetic chain and the external laryngeal nerve. The external laryngeal nerve was looped, and not linear as traditionally thought. The loop could be divided into three categories, V-shaped, U-shaped and mixed, and subdivided into 5 types and 17 subtypes according to morphological variation. The loop without exception innervated not only the cricothyroid muscle, but also the thyroid gland. The loop is one of the origins of the thyroid nerve. It seems that for thyroid surgery the loop, when lower in position, should be carefully separated from the superior thyroid vessels before the latter are ligated, in order to preserve a normal nerve supply to the muscle as well as to the part of the gland that remains after surgery.

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L'anse du nerf larynge supérieur, étude anatomique et applications chirurgicales

Résumé La fréquence d'une anse du nerf laryngé supérieur réalisant une anastomose entre la chaine sympathique cervicale et le nerf laryngé supérieur et/ou ses branches (rameau laryngé externe et ingerne), est de 98,3 % (118/120). Ce résultat s'appuie sur l'étude de 60 cadavres. Dans la plupart des cas, l'anastomose se fait entre la chaine sympathique cervicale et le rameau laryngé externe. Ce rameau laryngé externe a un trajet curviligne et non linéaire conformément aux données classiques. Il existe trois catégories d'anses : en "V", en "U" et mixte ; on peut également les subdiviser en 5 types et 17 sous-types en fonction des variations morphologiques. Cette anse innerve constamment non seulement le muscle cricothyroïdien mais aussi la glande thyroïde dont elle fournit une partie de l'innervation. Lors de la chirurgie thyroïdienne, si l'anse est en position basse, les nerfs doivent être soigneusement disséqués et séparés des vaisseaux thyroïdiens supérieurs avant ligature de ces derniers de façon à conserver l'innervation normale du muscle et de la partie restante de la glande.

     

髋关节外固定器对股骨头压力影响的三维有限元分析

目的从三维有限元分析的角度,探讨髋关节外固定器对股骨头压力的影响。方法建立正常的髋关节三维有限元模型、安装单轴髋关节外固定器(A型)髋关节三维有限元模型、安装双轴髋关节外固定器(B型)的髋关节三维有限元模型,应用接触压力分析的方法,观察并分析髋关节双足站立位、单腿站立髋关节中立位股骨头的峰值压力,并进行统计学分析。结果髋关节外固定器均能减少股骨头的接触压力(P<0．05),髋关节外固定器在双腿站立时减少最明显,B型髋关节外固定器组较A型髋关节外固定器的股骨头接触压力减小。结论髋关节外固定器可减少股骨头的压力,可辅助治疗髋关节疾病。     

单臂多功能外固定支架治疗不稳定性胫腓骨骨折

目的 评估单臂多功能外固定支架治疗不稳定性胫腓骨骨折的疗效。方法 使用单臂多功能外固定支架治疗不稳定性胫腓骨骨折４２例。结果 骨折均愈合,患肢功能恢复良好,愈合平均时间６．２个月。钉道感染率１２％。结论 单臂多功能外固定支架可纵轴方向滑动,起延长加压作用,两端有球状万向关节,可做各方向调节,使用灵活和容许早期活动。单臂多功能外固定支架是治疗不稳定性胫腓骨骨折较好的方法。     

Leptomeningeal lipid storage patterns in Fabry disease

We found two patterns of leptomeningeal storage that reflect two basic visceral storage patterns in Fabry disease. (i) A generalized-type leptomeningeal storage pattern, affecting all main leptomeningeal cell types (external arachnoideal epithelium, fibroblasts, vessel wall elements), was a consistent finding in three cases of classical generalized visceral phenotype. (ii) A localized leptomeningeal storage pattern was expressed, to a high degree, solely in the external arachnoidal epithelium; this pattern was found in one case with the variant visceral-restricted-type storage (confined to the cardiocytes). Thus, the external arachnoidal epithelium may be particurlarly susceptible to Fabry lipid storage, probably caused by a distinctly larger sustained lysosomal lipid load as compared to other cell types.     

Efficacy of myofascial therapy and kinesitherapy in improving function in shoulder pathology with prolonged immobilization: A randomized,single-blind,controlled trial

BackgroundThe best physiotherapeutic approach in shoulder pathology that generates prolonged immobilization is still uncertain. Kinesitherapy remains the most widely used option. Myofascial therapy is a therapeutic approach in which the aim is to release fascial tension and regain mobility although its efficacy in shoulder pathology has not been sufficiently studied. This Prospective, single-blind randomized controlled trial in a university hospital setting aimed to compare the efficacy of myofascial therapy and kinesitherapy in improving function in shoulder pathology with prolonged immobilization.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to a control group or to the intervention group.Both groups completed a therapeutic exercise program. Main Outcome Measures: The QuickDash questionnaire was the primary outcome, Pain Visual Analog Scale and the Range Of Motion of the shoulder were the secondary outcomes. The outcomes were evaluated at baseline (T0), at 4 (T2), 8 (T2), and 12 weeks (T3)Results44 participants were included. In the analysis of evolution over time, a significant improvement in functionality and range of motion measurements was observed in both groups (p < 0.05), although at 12 weeks only Myofasical Group achieved a clinically and statistically significant reduction in pain. Comparative analysis at 12 weeks revealed no statistically significant differences between the two therapies in the variables explored.ConclusionsBoth, myofascial therapy and kinesitherapy can improve function, mobility, and pain in patients with painful shoulder associated with prolonged immobilization, with no significant differences between therapies, although in the medium term only myofascial therapy achieves a clinically and statistically significant improvement in pain.Trial registrationTrial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04944446.     

HFJV联合药物治疗兔海水淹溺肺水肿

目的：观察高频喷射通气（HFJV）联合4种药物治疗海水淹溺肺水肿（PE-SWD）的效果并探讨其作用机制。方法：用海水灌注的方法诱导PE-SWD模型,采用HFJV联合地塞米松、东莨菪碱、尼莫地平和果糖二磷酸钠4种药物进行治疗,观察记录相关的生理、生化指标。结果：HFJV联合4种药物治疗能明显改善PE-SWD相关指标。结论：HFJV联合4种药物治疗能有效治疗PE-SWD,可作为其基础治疗。     

Anatomy and physiology of the male urethral sphincter and its preservation in prostatic surgery

Radical prostatectomy is commonly used in the management of localized prostate cancer. Urinary incontinence after prostatectomy is of great concern to many patients. Improved understanding of the anatomy of the external urethral sphincter complex has resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of postprostatectomy incontinence. Most recent anatomic studies have described the external urethral sphincter complex as consisting of an intrinsic rhabdosphincter surrounding the smooth musculature of the urethra and an extrinsic sphincter incorporating the levator ani muscle and the pelvic floor. Both form a condensed striated muscle ring around the membranous urethra. Preservation of as much as possible of the normal anatomy of the sphincter mechanism and its nerve supply results in an excellent return to continence after radical prostatectomy. Received: 26 February 1999 / Accepted: 20 May 1999     

充分利用境外智力资源 创造对外合作美好前景——解放军总医院对外改革开放的回顾与展望

90年代以来,解放军总医院充分发挥自身的优势和潜力,进一步加快改革开放、对外交流合作的步伐,不失时机地利用境外智力资源,为医院现代化建设服务,使总医院的各方面建设发生了历史性的变化。文章论述了在新时期军队医院对外加强合作的必要性和可能性,认为充分利用境外智力资源是加快医院现代化建设的必要手段。只要在观念和体制上进行适当调整,就能有效地引进国际上最先进的科学技术成果和人才,在医院现代化建设方面收到事半功倍的效果。