广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结切除手术范围分类

根治性子宫切除术在国内被称作广泛全子宫切除术。自最早报道的宫颈癌手术至今,许多不同程度的根治性手术在被描述和施行。手术范围是恶性肿瘤手术治疗的主要问题。适应肿瘤扩散范围的根治手术范围是宫颈癌治疗的关键问题。宫颈癌可以向各个方向扩散,一方面为了适应扩散范围会导致手术范围过大,一方面考虑手术切缘和宫颈周围转移的可能风险会限制手术范围(如改良的根治术)。因此,根治性或广泛性子宫切除术包括了不同     

Laparoendoscopic Single-site Surgery for Comprehensive Staging of Early Ovarian Cancer

Study ObjectiveTo demonstrate the procedure and suspension skills of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) staging surgery with infrarenal para-aortic lymphadenectomy for early-stage ovarian cancer.DesignA presentation of the surgery through this technical video.SettingA hospital.Patient and InterventionsA 45-year-old woman presented with a pelvic mass on gynecologic examination and a serum cancer antigen 125 level of 5910 U/mL (normal = <35 U/mL). A computed tomographic scan revealed a mixture of solid and cystic components (70 × 77 × 71 mm) arising from the right ovary and characterized by the “ovarian vascular pelvic” sign. Clinically early-stage ovarian cancer was suspected. Subsequently, LESS staging surgery was performed by an experienced surgeon in our department.ResultsThe surgery lasted 280 minutes, and the volume of blood loss was 50 mL; there were no intra- or postoperative complications. We “hid” the incision perfectly for cosmetic purposes. The histopathologic findings supported high-grade serous ovarian cancer of the right ovary with the left fallopian tube involved as well. In addition, a total of 34 negative pelvic and 18 negative para-aortic lymph nodes were identified, and a stage of IIA was diagnosed as a result.ConclusionWe performed an LESS staging surgery for early-stage ovarian cancer successfully. Our video shows that the LESS approach provided feasible, cosmetic, and safe access among the selected malignant gynecologic surgery. Therefore, we have experienced that the effective suspension was an auxiliary measure for LESS lymphadenectomy. In addition, compared with multiport laparoscopy, the LESS approach could provide easier access to infrarenal para-aortic regions; furthermore, it was safe and quick to extract an unknown sample.     

Efficacy of a Fibrin Sealant (Tissucol Duo) for the Preventionof Lymphocele after Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymphadenectomy:A Randomized Controlled Trial

Study ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of Tissucol Duo (Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria) fibrin sealant in decreasing the incidence of lymphocele (LC) after pelvic laparoscopic lymph node dissection using harmonic shears.DesignRandomized controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification level I).SettingTertiary referral and educational center.PatientsSeventy-four patients randomized to the use of sealant per hemipelvis.InterventionFibrin sealant.Measurements and Main ResultsAfter bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy a fibrin sealant was used in 1 hemipelvis but not the other, applied in 41 patients (55.4%) to the left and 33 patients (44.6%) to the right hemipelvis. The primary outcome was the incidence of LC after surgery in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Imaging (ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance) was performed to detect LC at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Overall, 26 patients (35.1%) developed LC, and 4 were symptomatic (5.4%). Allowing patients to serve as their own treatment group and control, the hemipelvis treated with Tissucol Duo corresponding to the treatment group and that not treated to the control group, LCs were found in 17 (23%) and 14 (19%) cases, respectively, but the difference was not significant. The mean initial LC maximum diameter was 27.1 mm (standard deviaiotn, 35.2), and LCs tended to decrease in size during the first year to a mean of 8.7 mm.ConclusionApplication of Tissucol Duo fibrin sealant after laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy using ultrasonic shears does not decrease the occurrence of symptomatic or asymptomatic LC.     

保留子宫动脉上行支的全腹腔镜广泛宫颈切除术

目的探讨全腹腔镜广泛宫颈切除术(TLRT)和腹腔镜盆腔淋巴清扫术(LPL)治疗早期宫颈癌的可行性和临床效果。方法 2009年7月至2010年7月在广州医学院第三附属医院等3家医院,对3例FIGO分期ⅠA2期和1例ⅠB1期要求保留生育功能的宫颈癌患者施行LPL,术中快速病理检查证实无淋巴组织转移后,即行TLRT,术中保持子宫动脉上行支的完整性,切除宫颈、宫旁组织和阴道上段组织,环扎宫颈并端端缝合宫颈峡部和阴道断端,保留子宫体及双侧附件。结果 4例患者均成功地完成了LPL和TLRT,平均手术时间为285min,平均术中出血量为180mL;4例患者术中无泌尿道、肠道损伤和术中大出血等严重并发症发生,术后无感染及出血;1例患者术后第7天拔除尿管后出现膀胱功能障碍,经膀胱功能锻炼,8d后痊愈出院;随诊时间7～19个月,无一例肿瘤复发;4例患者均于术后第1个月恢复正常月经。结论 TLRT以其微创的优点为有保留生育功能要求的早期宫颈癌患者提供了一种安全有效的治疗手段。     

Comparison of double disc and three dimensional methods to screen for ESBL producers in a tertiary care hospital

Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) continue to be a major problem in clinical setups world over, conferring resistance to the expanded spectrum cephalosporins. An attempt was made to study ESBL production among Enterobacteriaceae members from a tertiary care center in Chennai. A total of seventy randomly collected isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae from a tertiary care center was studied for their susceptibility patterns to various antibiotics and detection of ESBL producers by double disc synergy (DDS) test and three dimensional test (TDT). Eighty percent of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and 20% were ESBL producers. TDT detected 85.7% whereas only 14.2% were detected by DDS. In the present study, a large number of isolates were found to be MDR and ESBL producers. TDTs were found to be better than DDS in the detection of ESBLs. Continued monitoring of drug resistance is necessary in clinical settings for proper disease management.     

华南地区质粒介导超广谱β-内酰胺酶的基因分型研究

目的：了解华南地区质粒介导超广谱β－内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的发生率及基因型特征。方法：收集2001年4月－9月革兰阴性菌临床分离无重复株共1184株，采用NCCLS表型筛选和确认试验进行了ESBLs产酶的识别，E-test法检测各亚型ESBLs的MICs值，质粒接合及电转化实验，耐药质粒提取及酶切指纹分析，等电聚焦电泳，PCR通用引物扩增TEM、SHV、CTX－M、VEB、PER、SFO基因及其克隆测序进行ESBLs基因分型和质粒定位。结果：革兰阴性苗ESBLs的检出率为14．6％（173／1184）；获得产ESBLs接合子67株，电转化子11株，其中产CTX－M－14型ESBLs为33．3％（26／78）、CTX－M－3为23．1％（18／78）、CTX－M－9为14．1％（11／78）及SHV-2a为2．6％（2／78），未定型为5．1％（4／78）；29．5％（23／78）野生株伴广谱酶TEM－1或SHV－1型；各型ESBLs基因约定位在35－190kb大小的可接合性低执行者拷贝数天然质粒上；CTX－M型ESBLs以对头孢噻肟高水平高耐为特征。结论：华南地区质粒介导的ESBLs以CTX－M型衍生酶为主，其次是SHV型酶。     

Anterior retroperitoneal rami: Until now unnamed direct branches of the abdominal aorta

The aim of the study was to gain a thorough knowledge of the topography and distribution of until now officially unnamed minute direct branches from abdominal aorta, stemming from its ventral and lateral aspects, supplying surrounding tissue, and to comprise it to the existing studies. The study was performed in fixed cadaverous material collected from India ink injections of abdominal aorta samples with large surrounding retroperitoneal tissue. The 25 samples were dissected under magnifying binocular glass, followed by graphic reconstruction; statistical analysis, and the study was preceded with detailed review of branches from abdominal aorta. For systematization of the segmental anatomy of the abdominal aorta and infrarenal segment of inferior vena cava, we defined three levels in this area. The retroperitoneal branches were most frequently situated simultaneously within all three predefined levels according to renal and inferior mesenteric arteries origin. There were 18% of retroperitoneal branches within Level 1, 39% within Level 2 and 43% within Level 3. They were branches not only from the abdominal aorta, but also from the testicular/ovarian artery, common iliac artery and in one case from the right accessory renal artery. Paired arrangement was recorded mainly cranially to the origin of inferior mesenteric artery, unpaired branches were more frequently found caudally. In conclusion, due to the terminological disunity of these arteries in the clinical literature and total absence in the anatomical literature, we propose to denominate them as anterior retroperitoneal branches of abdominal aorta (rami retroperitoneales anteriores aortae abdominalis). Clin. Anat. 27:894–899, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Reduced liver cell death using an alginate scaffold bandage: A novel approach for liver reconstruction after extended partial hepatectomy

Extended partial hepatectomy may be needed in cases of large hepatic mass, and can lead to fulminant hepatic failure. Macroporous alginate scaffold is a biocompatible matrix which promotes the growth, differentiation and long-term hepatocellular function of primary hepatocytes in vitro. Our aim was to explore the ability of implanted macroporous alginate scaffolds to protect liver remnants from acute hepatic failure after extended partial hepatectomy. An 87% partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed on C57BL/6 mice to compare non-treated mice to mice in which alginate or collagen scaffolds were implanted after PH. Mice were scarified 3, 6, 24 and 48 h and 6 days following scaffold implantation and the extent of liver injury and repair was examined. Alginate scaffolds significantly increased animal survival to 60% vs. 10% in non-treated and collagen-treated mice (log rank = 0.001). Mice with implanted alginate scaffolds manifested normal and prolonged aspartate aminotransferases and alanine aminotransferases serum levels as compared with the 2- to 20-fold increase in control groups (P < 0.0001) accompanied with improved liver histology. Sustained normal serum albumin levels were observed in alginate-scaffold-treated mice 48 h after hepatectomy. Incorporation of BrdU-positive cells was 30% higher in the alginate-scaffold-treated group, compared with non-treated mice. Serum IL-6 levels were significantly decreased 3 h post PH. Biotin-alginate scaffolds were quickly well integrated within the liver tissue. Collectively, implanted alginate scaffolds support liver remnants after extended partial hepatectomy, thus eliminating liver injury and leading to enhanced animal survival after extended partial hepatectomy.     

通过多种技术方法的综合使用优化全脑全脊髓照射技术

全脑全脊髓照射是针对多种癌症的治疗流程中一个重要的组成部分。为了达到最佳的肿瘤控制,需要在靶区体积的确定、重要正常组织的保护、剂量均匀度、射野交接区域以及剂量测定方面都特别注意。本文提出了一种适用于大多数治疗情况的优化了的全脑全脊髓照射治疗技术,以一名因生殖细胞瘤需接受全脑全脊髓照射治疗的17岁男性患者为例,通过综合使用半野衔接技术、扩展半影的射野衔接技术和多叶光拦子野技术,制定临床可实行的治疗计划,大大改善了脊髓靶区内的剂量均匀度,将剂量最大点由处方剂量的124%降低到处方剂量的108%。对仿真人体模进行的实际测量值与计算值的比较表明,测量值和计算值是基本一致的。