学时数较少的药学物理化学教学探索

根据课程学时的限制，结合药学专业课程的要求，对物理化学理论教学内容进行了取舍，强调上好第一课，并对部分内容进行双语授课的尝试，对实验教学也进行了探索。     

Die Durchblutung handgenähter und geklammerter Colonanastomosen

Zusammenfassung In einer tierexperimentellen Studie wurde die Durchblutung nach Anlage einer handgenähten und geklammerten End-zu-End-Anastomose am Schweinedickdarm verglichen. Bei keinem der 15 Tiere trat ein Nahtleck auf. Im Bereich handgeknoteter Fäden konnten einzelne umschriebene minderdurchblutete Gebiete festgestellt werden, die am 7. und 14. postoperativen Tag deutlich sichtbar wurden, wenn die Anastomosen vermehrt vascularisiert waren. Bei den Klammernähten wurden solche Ausfälle der Gewebsdurchblutung nicht gesehen. Die intramuralen Arterien zogen unbehindert durch die B-förmig gestalteten Klammern hindurch. Ein unauffälliges Gefäßmuster und eine abgeschlossene Anastomosenheilung wurden bei den Klammernähten nach 3 Wochen und bei Handnähten nach 4 Wochen beobachtet.

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Blood supply of stapled and sutured colonic anastomoses

Summary The blood supply of end-to-end staple and suture lines in the pig colon was compared. In 15 operated animals there was no anastomotic leak. Sporadic circumscribed areas of restricted circulation could be noticed in hand-sewn anastomoses. This effect was marked on the 7th and 14th postoperative day, when vascularisation of the anastomoses was increased. Such lack of vascular supply was not seen in stapled anastomoses. The intramural arteries passed through the B-shaped staples without hindrance. An unremarkable vascular pattern and a completed healing of the anastomoses were observed after 3 weeks in staple lines and after 4 weeks in suture lines.

Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. F. Stelzner zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet     

乳香提取物对急性非淋巴细胞白血病细胞诱导分化作用

探讨乳香提取物对急性非淋巴细胞白血病诱导分化作用，采用造血祖细胞体外培养技术研究乳香提取物对３６例急性非淋巴白血病细胞诱导分化成熟。结果：诱导分化率ＡＮＬＬＭ３（６７．９±７．９）％；ＡＮＬＬＭ２ａ（５７．９±１１．７）％。ＮＢＴ还原率ＡＮＬＬＭ３（６７．８±３．９）％、ＡＮＬＬＭ２ａ（５９．９±９．５）％。墨汁吞噬功能：ＡＮＬＬＭ３（５６±８．９）％，ＡＮＬＬＭ２ａ（５９．８±８．７）％。结论：乳香提取物对急性非淋巴白血病细胞有诱导分化作用，使之诱导分化成熟，并恢复其功能     

带真皮下血管网超薄皮瓣血运重建的实验研究（三）超薄皮瓣的再血管化与血供变化

以猪作为动物模型，对带真皮下血管网超薄皮瓣的血运重建规律进行了探讨。以超薄皮瓣为实验组，保留真皮下血管网皮片为对照组，按自身配对原则随机分为６个组。通过荧光素显色，透明标本，组织学，明胶墨汁灌注过程中超薄皮瓣的染色情况等观察，发现超薄皮瓣的再血管化发生在术后第５天，至第７天新生血管通过塑形趋于成熟。它既发生在皮瓣与受床之间，又发生在皮瓣与创缘之间，而且由皮瓣成活部分远端渐至近端。     

温血诱导及终未再灌注对未成熟心肌保护的实验研究

为研究温血停搏液（谷氨酸加天门冬氨酸强化）诱导停跳和主动脉开放前再灌注的未成熟心肌保护的效果。用12只新西兰幼免（3～4周），体重450～550g，随机分成2组：冷血停搏液（谷氨酸加天门冬氨酸强化）组（Ⅰ组，n＝6）；温血停搏浪诱导及再灌注血组（Ⅱ组，n＝6）。结果：1．心功能；CO±dp0／dt恢复百分率Ⅱ组明显优于Ⅰ组（P＜0．01）；LVSP恢复百分率Ⅱ组优于Ⅰ组（P＜0．05）。2．LDH和CK漏出量（U／l）Ⅱ组明显优于Ⅰ组（P＜0．01）；3。心肌含水量（％）Ⅱ组优于Ⅰ组（P＜0．01）；4．心肌结构保护Ⅱ组明显优于Ⅰ组。本实验提示：温血诱导停跳与主动脉开放前温血再灌注对于未成熟心肌有良好的心肌保护效果。     

Induction of antibody responses to breast carcinoma associated mucins using synthetic peptide constructs as immunogens

A strategy for directing and enhancing B cell immune responses against synthetic peptide determinants has been developed in order to produce antibodies specifically against protein epitopes of clinical relevance. A peptide sequence based upon the MUC-1 mucin protein core was selected for this purpose since anti-MUC-1 antibodies have proven diagnostic application and therapeutic potential in human breast and ovarian cancer. Peptide constructs were synthesised co-linearly linking the immunodominant B cell determinant region, PDTRPAP, in the protein core of the MUC-1 mucin, to sequence 111 – 120 of influenza haemagglutinin A/X-31, a determinant recognised by T helper cells through association with MHC class II molecules. Induction of anti-MUC-1 antibodies to the B cell determinant region by immunisation with peptide was shown to be dependent upon both the presence and the position of the T cell determinant. In addition, haplotype mismatching with respect to the T cell determinant resulted in a significant lowering of the anti-MUC-1 antibody response in peptide construct immunised mice. These findings are relevant to the design of immunogens to produce antibodies against peptide epitopes of tumour associated proteins and glycoproteins.     

活动性结核标志物'H-多肽的实验与临床研究

本题研究是经免疫学途径直接检测人体感染结核菌的情况，为现代结核病的实验诊断、临床监测、流行病调查提供了一个全新的检验指标。作者首先发现了一种仅存在于活动性结核病患者体液中的蛋白成份—活动性结核标志物（ＡｃｔｉｖｅＴｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｏｓｉｓＭａｒｋ—ＡＴＭ）１Ｈ—多肽；并为之创立了独特的检测方法，经四年多临床１９４６０例样本调查中确定了ＡＴＭ的临床价值。将ＡＴＭ检测与ＯＴ皮试、酶联免疫ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＤＮＡ探针、ＰＣＲ基因扩增技术及典型病例组患者行Ｘ线计算机断层摄影（ＣＴ）、磁共振像（ＭＲＩ）等多组对比试验中，实验与临床研究资料分析证明：ＡＴＭ检测的总敏感度为８６．０６％、特异度９６．２４％、准确度９３．４５％、诊断效率为８２．８２％、批内ＣＶ１．２％、批间ＣＶ２．０％、Ｐ＜０．０５。经ＮＭＲ光谱分析结构含有ＣＣＨ２官能团。     

多发性脑梗塞痴呆动物模型评价

多发性脑梗塞痴呆模型大鼠可出现行为学、病理生理学、生化代谢、神经递质、血液流变学、基因表达等多方面改变，且病理形态学表现与临床上多发性脑梗塞痴呆相似，可以用作血管性痴呆的实验研究。但复习以往有关文献研究发现，该模型仍有待于进一步完善，以期更好地应用于基础研究，保证对药物抗血管性痴呆作用评价及作用机制诠释的准确性。     

Biological characteristics of newly diagnosed poor prognosis acute myelogenous leukemia

A pilot study was conducted of the biological characteristics of the leukemia cells of newly diagnosed patients with poor prognosis acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). This study included measurements of the pretherapy proliferative rate of the leukemia cells in vivo, assessment of differentiation in vivo during remission induction therapy, and the level of expression of the fms, myc, and IL1β genes in pretherapy leukemia cells. Short cell cycle times were characteristic of the best prognostic category and were associated with a rapid reduction in marrow leukemia cells in cytosine arabinoside (araC)-sensitive patients. Expression of c-fms was associated with rapid reduction in marrow leukemia cells during araC therapy and with a successful treatment outcome. Expression of the IL1β gene was associated with short remissions. These studies suggest that when compared to newly diagnosed standard prognosis AML, the leukemia of poor prognosis patients is more likely to exhibit long cell cycle times, low levels of fms expression, and is less likely to be associated with myeloid differentiation during remission induction therapy. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor inhibits class II major histocompatibility complex expression and antigen presentation by microglia

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) modulates various functions of monocytes/ macrophages including antigen-presenting capacity. Recently it was found that astrocytes produce GM-CSF in the central nervous system (CNS) and that GM-CSF can induce proliferation and morphological changes of microglia. Here we show that GM-CSF can down regulate the interferon-γ-mediated induction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens in microglia, but not in astrocytes. GM-CSF pretreatment completely prevents myelin basic protein-specific T cell proliferation induced by microglia but not astrocytes. GM-CSF did not affect the cell surface expression on microglia of either MHC class I or cell adhesion molecules. The inhibition of microglial MHC class II expression and antigen-presenting function is specific for GM-CSF, as treatment with a different CSF (interleukin-3) did not modulate microglial phenotype or functional capacity. These data suggest that GM-CSF might be involved in the regulation of immune responses within the central nervous system.