胸段食管癌三维适形放疗摆位误差研究

Objective To study the setup errors in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for thoracic esophageal carcinoma using electronic portal imaging device(EPID) and calculate the margins from CTV to PTV. Methods Forty-one patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma who received 3DCRT were continuously enrolled into this study. The anterior and lateral electronic portal images (EPI) were aquired by EPID once a week. The setup errors were obtained through comparing the difference between EPI and digitally reconstructed radiographs(DRR). Then the setup margins from CTV to PTV were calculat-ed. By using self paired design,22 patients received definitive radiotherapy with different margins. Group A: the margins were 10 mm in all the three axes;Group B: the margins were aquired in this study. The differ-ence were compared by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The margins from CTV to PTV in x,y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. Between the group A and group B, the difference of the maximum dose of the spinal cord was significant(4638.7 cGy±1449.6 cGy vs. 4310.2 cGy±1528.7 cGy; t=5.48, P=0.000), and the difference of NTCP for the spinal cord was also significant (4.82%±5.99% vs. 3.64%±4.70%;Z=-2.70,P=0.007). Conclusions For patients with tho-racic esophageal carcinoma who receive 3DCRT in author's department,the margins from CTV to PTV in x, y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. The spinal cord could be better protected by using these setup margins than using 10 mm in each axis.     

健择在36例期食管癌术后辅助化疗中的应用

目的　探讨 期食管癌术后辅助化疗的方案。方法　 2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 9月 36例 期食管癌术后以健择联合顺铂方案辅助化疗 ,观察其对 1年生存率、局部复发及远处转移的影响 ,并按 WHO毒性反应分级标准评价毒副反应。结果　 36例 1年生存率 84 % ,同期 期食管癌单纯手术 1年生存率 6 0 .6 % ,有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;2例吻合口复发癌及 6例远处转移的平均时间为 9.5月及 12 .7月 ;毒副反应以血液系统及消化系统毒性为主 ,耐受性良好。结论　健择联合顺铂方案在 期食管癌术后辅助化疗方面值得进一步研究。     

Accelerated fractionation in esophageal cancers: A multivariate analysis on 88 patients

: Accelerated fractionation was used to shorten overall treatment time to increase locoregional control and cause-specific survival.

: Eighty-eight patients with cancer of the esophagus ineligible for surgery were entered in the study between 1986 and 1993. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to 64% of patients. Accelerated radiotherapy using the concomitant boost technique delivered a median dose of 65 Gy in a median overall treatment time of 32 days.

: The 3-year acturial local control rate in patients with T1, T2, and T3 tumors was 71%, 42%,and 33%, respectively. The 3-year cause-specific survival rates were 40%, 22%, and 6%, respectively. Sixteen percent of patients experienced Grafe 3 esophagitis. Late toxicity included esophageal stenosis and pulmonary fibrosis in 8% and 9% of the patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that T stage and overall treatment time were prognostic factors for cause-specific survival. T stage and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for locoregional control.

: These findings suggest that accelerated giben in an overall treatment time of <35 days might be beneficial for easy-stage cancer of the esophagus. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended, as it was a significant adverse prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis for local control. Accelerated fractionation can be carried out with modeate acure and late toxicity.     

食管癌和胃癌磁共振成像检查的价值

目的：探讨食管癌和胃癌MRI检查的价值。方法：对95例食管癌和胃癌的MRI表现进行分析。结果；MRI所见与手术病理符合率以食管癌侵犯胸主动脉为最高。结论：MRI显示脏外生长型食管癌和胃癌具有较大价值；MRI显示病变波及范围、浸润破坏程度、与周围脏器的关系及有无转移等有较大优越性。     

食管充气试验在二期发音重建中的作用

目的尽快恢复无喉者语言功能，减少手术创伤，提高预测二期发音重建手术成功的准确性，客观评价食管充气试验的实际临床意义。方法对全喉切除术后无喉者行食管充气试验及二期发音重建，特别就食管充气试验阴性患者进行研究分析。结果４５例食管充气试验阴性患者行二期发音重建，而不行咽缩肌切断术的发音成功率９４％（３６／３８），阳性患者成功率１００％（７／７）；无论充气试验阴性或阳性患者术后发音效果均好于预测试验时。结论食管充气试验对预测术后发音具有一定参考意义，可作为ＢｌｏｍＳｉｎｇｅｒ法二期发音重建术前常规检查，但测试时因受诸多因素影响，不能作为判定术后发音效果的唯一依据。     

A simple and safe method to visualize the inferior pouch in esophageal atresia without fistula

The authors studied the true “dynamic” distance between the esophageal stumps in type I atresia in order to perform the delayed anastomosis at the most favorable time. The position of the inferior pouch was fluoroscopically evaluated in four patients, inserting a Hegar dilator through the gastrostomy. The superior esophageal pouch was delineated by a Replogle tube. No anesthesia was required. In all cases the procedure was simple, safe, fast, and accurate. No complications occurred, and patients could be operated upon at the optimal time. Accepted: 16 May 1997     

Clinical study on the pattern of lymphnode metastasis in carcinoma of esophagus (an analysis of 200 cases)

Objective: To study the pattern of lymphnode metastasis in carcinoma of esophagus. Methods: 200 cases of resected esophageal cancer specimens were carefully examined pathologically. Lymphnode metastasis, its pathway and extent in relation to pathological changes were analyzed. Results: Lymphnode metastasis was mainly regional and extended vertically in both directions. Leaping-over metastasis was another feature. The deeper invasion by the tumor, the higher frequencies of metastasis development, and vice versa. However, leaping-over metastasis was more likely to occur where tumor invasion was less severe. Conclusion: Owing to the high frequency of lymphnode metastasis in the superior mediastinum and the widely spanned leaping-over metastasis, an operative approach by three incisions through right thoracotomy with excision of the whole segment of esophagus and anastomosis at cervical region was recommended, in order to dissect lymphnodes in the cervical, thoracic and abdominal regions and to leave less or no metastatic lymphnodes behind.     

食管腔内超声食管癌术前分期评价

目的 评价腔内超声(EU)对食管癌术前分期的准确性.方法30例食管癌患者术前进行EU(5MH_z直径 10mm)检查,其中8例(26.7%)因狭窄严重未能对肿瘤进行全面探测.全部患者均接受手术治疗,将术前临床分期.EU分期的结果与术后病理分期进行对比分析.结果 术前临床分期正确率仅为40%.EU对肿瘤外侵程度(T)、区域淋巴结受累情况(N)及术前分期的正确率在全组分别为76.7%、66.7%和70.0%,若去除严重狭窄病例后上升为77.7%、77.7%和77.3%.结论 EU能相当准确地对食管癌进行术前分期,提示肿瘤有无外侵或淋巴结转移,为治疗提供指导.病灶周围炎症反应、肿瘤微转移灶及严重狭窄是影响分期正确性的重要因素.     

食管贲门癌切除迷走神经保留术的临床研究

目的 研究保留迷走神经的食管贲门癌切除术对术后生活质量的影响.方法 对39例无外侵的早中期食管贲门癌患者施行根治性切除中迷走神经保留术,并随机选取39例未保留迷走神经的常规手术作对照组.术后通过胃排空时间、血胃泌素含量测定、近期营养学计算来研究保留迷走神经的食管贲门癌切除术后胃肠消化功能.结果 保留组胃排空时间T1/2均数值20.3±8.9分和血胃泌素水平均数值34.2±18.5mg/L与对照组胃排空时间T1/2均数值35.7 ±5.8分和血胃泌素水平均数值56.5±21.6ng/L相比有显著差别,分别为P<0.01和P<0.05).术后近期营养学计算显示,保留组在术后短期内摄入量及营养状况达到正常,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05).结论 在早中期无周围外侵的食管贲门癌患者切除中保留迷走神经对于防止病人术后消化功能紊乱,提高生活质量有着重要的临床意义.     

幽门螺杆菌感染与食管癌关系探讨

为了解人群中食管幽门螺杆菌的感染情况及其与食管癌的关系，作者对４３例食管癌病人和１７０例正常人的食管、胃窦部和十二指肠球部的纤支镜活检组织进行幽门螺杆菌快速尿素酶试验，并对食管癌组织中的幽门螺杆菌形态及致病性进行电镜观察。结果发现，正常人群中食管幽门螺杆菌的感染率为２５．３％，食管癌病人的感染率为９０．７％；受幽门螺杆菌感染的食管上皮细胞则发生变性、坏死和增生。作者认为，食管中幽门螺杆菌的感染与食管癌的发生发展有关。