山西省部分医疗机构医用X射线诊断设备影像质量控制检测结果分析

目的 了解山西省医疗机构医用X射线诊断设备影像质量控制状况。方法 依据国家相关标准,采用X射线机多功能质量检测仪及性能检测工具,对山西省部分医疗机构医用X射线诊断设备进行质量控制检测。结果 医用X射线摄影设备检测项目中单项合格率,除输出量线性94.4%、曝光时间指示的偏离98.6%,有用线束垂直度的偏离95.8%,光野与照射野四边的偏离和光野与照射野中心的偏离分别为77.5%、85.9%,其余检测项目合格率为100%。透视设备除入射体表空气比释动能率典型值合格率为96.7%,其余检测项目合格率为100%。医用X射线诊断设备合格率在不同所管辖机构级别组之间总的来讲差异有显著性（P<0.05）;组间两两比较：省管组与市管组比较、市管组与区县组比较,设备合格率差异无显著性（P>0.0125）,省管组与区县组比较,设备合格率差异有显著性（P<0.0125）。产地不同（进口组与国产组）,设备合格率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 定期的医用X射线影像质量控制检测十分必要。     

On-line computer estimation of carbon dioxide response curves

Anesthesiologists are concerned with the effect of various anesthetics on a patient's central nervous ventilatory control. The most widely accepted method of determining the effect of a drug is to compare carbon dioxide response curves ( e/PetCO₂, where e = minute ventilation [in L/min] andPetCO₂ = end-tidal carbon dioxide [in mm Hg]) measured before and after administration of the drug. Additional information concerning neuromechanical control can be obtained by also including a measure of the airway occlusion pressure (generally measured 100 ms after occlusion, i.e., P₁₀₀).To facilitate these measurements we have developed a portable, computer-controlled data acquisition system. It includes an Apple II+ computer and measures e,PetCO₂, and P₁₀₀. Each subject rebreathes exhaled carbon dioxide through a two-way breathing valve attached to a 9-liter reservoir, which is initially filled with 5% carbon dioxide and balance oxygen. Exhaled carbon dioxide concentrations are measured with an infrared medical gas analyzer on samples taken through a catheter connected at the mouthpiece. The exhaled flow is measured with a pneumotachograph in conjunction with a differential pressure transducer, and P₁₀₀ is determined with a Validyne MP45 pressure transducer.     

A comparison of two microcomputer-based programs for bibliographic retrieval and formatting

We evaluated two representative microcomputer-based programs for organizing a biomedical literature filing system. With a bibliography of 100 anesthetic references, a series of benchmark tests was developed to measure the speed and accuracy of typical searching, sorting, and formatting tasks. Each program performed the searching tasks accurately and at about the same speed. One program performed sorting without errors, provided the field order of the template used to enter references was unchanged. Both programs used punctuation files, that is, templates for controlling author presentation; punctuation to suit style requirements of individual journals; and order of particular fields, such as publisher and year of publication. Each program was able to format journal, book, and chapter references correctly, but the resulting output required some refining in a word processor. Both require a major time commitment to learn and to create custom punctuation files for journals not included in the predesigned punctuation files. Once mastered, both programs are quite competent at organizing reprints and formatting journal references.     

Refractive indices for volatile anesthetic gases: Equipment and method for calibrating vaporizers and monitors

Objective. The objective of our study was to establish the refractive indices and the virial coefficients of the volatile anesthetic vapors. These indices and coefficients will allow refractometry to be used by manufacturers to produce accurate calibration, without requiring expensive high-precision calibration gases.Methods. We used a precision refractometer to measure the refractive indices for five volatile anesthetic vapors. We prepared our calibration gases by mixing a gravimetrically calibrated amount of liquid agent with a constant gas flow.Results. The refractive indices for the volatile anesthetic vapors are 1,603.2 for halothane, 1,540.4 for enflurane, 1,563.3 for isoflurance, 1,538.3 for sevoflurane, and 1,211.7 for desflurane. The maximum theoretical error in our measurements, due to all sensors and all uncertainty in our measurement of apparatus and physical constants, is ±0.56% of the reading (±0.70% for desflurane).Conclusions. If refractometry replaced calibration gases in cylinders, as a calibration standard, manufacturers might avoid errors that now occur because calibration gases manufactured by numerous companies seem to differ. We propose that our values serve as an interim database.     

加强医院安全生产管理实践的探讨

文章从医院安全生产管理的角度,针对安全生产管理的重要性、实施策略展开探讨,并及时总结分析出医院安全生产管理的必要性和意义。     

实验设备采购管理平台在医学院校中的应用

目的：分析首都医科大学实验设备采购现状,设计实验设备采购管理平台。方法：根据医科大学教学和科研工作对实验设备的实际需求进行分析探讨,提出设备采购管理平台的12个功能模块,并应用于实验设备管理的实际工作中。结果：实验设备采购管理平台实现了设备采购的全流程动态管理和数据的查询统计。结论：实验设备采购管理平台的应用极大地方便了设备采购管理工作,达到了优化工作流程、提高工作效率和提升管理效益的目的。     

医疗设备档案资料系统化及信息化管理

目的：建立完善的医疗设备档案资料系统化及信息化管理,确保每项资料实现完整可追溯。方法：分析医疗设备管理现状,针对存在的问题,建立医疗设备从购置、计量质控、维护保养至报废处理全生命周期档案管理系统。结果：针对医疗设备购置使用流程中存在的各种纸载体资料管理及电子档案管理分别做了讨论。详细阐述了从设备采购计划、论证、购置、安装、验收、使用、质控、维修、调拨及报废处理等环节的档案资料管理。提出构建完整的医疗设备档案资料信息化管理的主要方向。结论：实现医疗设备档案网络信息化及动态化管理功能,降低医疗设备运营成本,为医疗安全提供保证。     

血涂片复审准则在血细胞分析仪中的适用性评估

目的评估国际血涂片复审准则在血细胞分析仪中的适用性。方法以Sysmex-XE2100血细胞分析仪对300例临床血液常规标本进行检测,并用国际血涂片复审准则分为在筛组和过筛组,再经显微镜对血涂片进行检测。结果 300例受检样本中,真阳性54例(18%),真阴性192例(64%);假阳性48例(16%),假阴性6例(2%),准确率为82%。结论在仪器检测后按照国际血涂片复审准则进行显微镜阅片筛查的有效性良好,结合临床分析会有更好的实用价值。     

脊柱形态测量仪(Spinalmouse)测评腰痛患者全脊柱运动能力

目的量化测量脊柱各个椎体椎间角度变化,评估腰痛患者全脊柱运动能力。方法使用脊柱动态测量仪（Spimalmouse）测量34例腰痛患者不同姿势下的脊柱形态,得出量化脊柱各个椎体之间椎间角角度,并摄腰段X线片并测量,所得数据间进行独立样本t检验和配对样本t检验。结果直立位胸腰椎各个节段之间椎间角度基本符合脊柱生理曲线,前屈时T1－7,没有椎间角度变化差异,T8以下差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。后伸时T6-8,T12、L1,L2,3这4个节段椎间角变化差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在与X线片对比时,T11～L3的各个椎间角度的结果是与影像学资料测量的角度数据基本一致的,差异无统计学意义,但在L3～S1,测量结果差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）.结论Spinalmouse可以直接、方便地测量出胸、腰椎各个椎间角变化,并且存在很好的可靠性、重复性和可信性,是脊柱各个节段运动能力评定的良好工具,且避免了X线辐射。