右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼用于术后镇痛对宫颈癌根治术患者心血管稳定性及VAS评分的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼用于术后镇痛对宫颈癌根治术患者心血管稳定性及VAS评分的影响.方法 选取于2014年8月至2016年1月来济南军区总医院行宫颈癌根治术的宫颈癌患者64例,按照随机数表法将所有患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各32例.两组患者术后镇痛均使用舒芬太尼,其中观察组患者术后镇痛时加用右美托咪定.在术后1h、术后6h、术后12h、术后1d、术后2d时采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)法对患者的疼痛程度进行对比分析,比较两组患者在各时间点心血管稳定性.结果 术后1h、术后6h、术后12h、术后1d、术后2d时,观察组患者收缩压、舒张压、心率和呼吸频率均低于对照组.术后观察组患者术后1h、术后6h、术后12h、术后1d、术后2d各时间点舒张压明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为4.86、4.48、6.75、4.70、5.46,均P<0.01).术后观察组患者术后1h、术后6h、术后12h、术后1d、术后2d各时间点呼吸频率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为8.39、9.28、10.81、12.24、10.75,均P<0.01).自术后6h起,术后12h、术后1d和术后2d时观察组患者收缩压明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.40、3.94、5.07、2.94,均P<0.05).术后1h时,对照组患者与观察组患者VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.10,P>0.05).术后6h、术后12h、术后1d、术后2d时对照组患者VAS评分明显高于观察组患者(t值分别为4.89、3.35、3.08、4.21,均P<0.01).结论 右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼用于宫颈癌根治术后患者镇痛比单用舒芬太尼镇痛的患者心血管稳定性和VAS评分更高.     

Facet Joint Versus Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections in Patients With Cervical Radicular Pain due to Foraminal Stenosis: A Retrospective Comparative Study

BackgroundA cervical transforaminal epidural (TFE) steroid injection is a useful treatment option for cervical radicular pain, but it carries a small risk of catastrophic complications. Several studies have reported that cervical facet joint (FJ) steroid injection can reduce cervical radicular pain through an indirect epidural spread. The aim of this retrospective comparative study was to evaluate the pain scores and functional disability in subjects receiving cervical FJ or TFE steroid injection for the treatment of cervical radicular pain due to foraminal stenosis (FS).MethodsWe selected 278 patients 18 years of age and older who underwent cervical FJ (n = 130) or TFE (n= 148) steroid injection for cervical radicular pain. The primary outcomes included pain scores and functional disability during hospital visits one, three, and six months after the initial injection. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of responders and Medication Quantification Scale (MQS) scores. Adverse events and variables correlating with effectiveness one month after the initial injection were also evaluated.ResultsThe Numeric Rating Scale and Neck Disability Index scores showed a significant improvement one, three, and six months after the initial injection in both groups, with no significant differences between the groups. No significant differences were observed in the success rates of the procedure one, three, and six months after the initial injection for either group. There were no significant differences in MQS between the groups during the follow-up period. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the injection method, age, sex, number of injections, FS severity, MQS, pain duration, and the presence of cervical disc herniation were not independent predictors of treatment success.ConclusionThe efficacy of FJ steroid injection may not be inferior to that of TFE steroid injection in patients with cervical radicular pain due to FS.     

Nonopioid perioperative analgesia in head and neck cancer surgery: A systematic review

ObjectiveManagement of postoperative pain after head and neck cancer surgery is a complex issue, requiring a careful balance of analgesic properties and side effects. The objective of this review is to discuss the efficacy and safety of multimodal analgesia (MMA) for these patients.MethodsPubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov were systematically searched for all comparative studies of patients receiving MMA (nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, anticonvulsants, local anesthetics, and corticosteroids) for head and neck cancer surgeries. The primary outcome was additional postoperative opioid usage, and secondary outcomes included subjective pain scores, complications, adverse effects, and 30‐day outcomes.ResultsA total of five studies representing 592 patients (MMA, n = 275; non‐MMA, n = 317) met inclusion criteria. The most commonly used agents were gabapentin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen (n = 221), NSAIDs (n = 221), followed by corticosteroids (n = 35), dextromethorphan (n = 40), and local nerve block (n = 19). Four studies described a significant decrease in overall postoperative narcotic usage with two studies reporting a significant decrease in hospital time. Subjective pain scores widely varied with two studies reporting reduced pain at postoperative day 3. There were no differences in surgical outcomes, medical complications, adverse effects, or 30‐day mortality and readmission rates.ConclusionMMA is an increasingly popular strategy that may reduce dependence on opioids for the treatment of postoperative pain. A variety of regimens and protocols are available for providers to utilize in the appropriate head and neck cancer patient.     

布比卡因硬膜外阻滞对凝血功能的影响

目的　研究硬膜外阻滞时布比卡因对血液凝固的影响。方法　 4 0例病人随机分成0 75 %布比卡因组 (A组 ,n =2 0 )和 1%利多卡因、0 2 5 %丁卡因复合液组 (B组 ,n =2 0 )。分别于麻醉前 (T1)、用药后 30分钟 (T2 )、用药后 3小时 (T3 )测定激活部分凝血活酶时间 (APTT)、血浆凝血酶原时间 (PT)、凝血酶时间 (TT)、血小板聚集率 (PAgT)。 结果　A组中APTT、PAgT不同时点存在显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,PT、TT之间无显著差异。B组中APTT、PT、TT、PAgT不同时点之间均无显著差异。结论　布比卡因用于硬膜外阻滞时可显著延长APTT ,抑制血小板聚集     

硬膜外阻滞在中期妊娠引产镇痛时机选择的临床观察

目的：比较硬膜外阻滞在中期妊娠引产不同时点开始镇痛的临床效果。方法选取我院60例因计划外妊娠或有胎儿畸形等妊娠合并症要求终止妊娠者,随机分为两组实施硬膜外阻滞,A组为病房常规处理后产妇有疼痛感即开始实施麻醉,B组为病房常规处理后有规律宫缩开始实施麻醉,每组30例;记录镇痛开始前及镇痛后生命体征、各时点孕妇的VAS评分和运动神经阻滞分级、引产时间、出血量及不良反应情况。结果与B组比较,A组在镇痛后各时点VAS评分降低、引产时间延长,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组间孕妇引产期间生命体征平稳,出血量及不良反应差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论中期妊娠引产无须考虑胎儿因素,早期实施麻醉镇痛干预更为合理,在不增加出血量和不良反应的基础上引产时间略有延长。     

羟乙基淀粉对硬膜外阻滞血管扩张致血压下降的预防作用

目的 :探讨羟乙基淀粉对硬膜外阻滞血管扩张致血压下降的预防作用。方法 :选择硬膜外麻醉下行子宫切除术患者 12 0例 ,随机分为两组 ,羟乙基淀粉组 :硬膜外开始注药前 10分钟即输 6 %羟乙基淀粉 ,麻醉完全显效时 (首剂量后 10分钟 )输完 5 0 0ml,继之用平衡液维持。平衡液组 :硬膜外开始注药前 10分钟只输平衡液 ,麻醉完全显效时 (首剂量后 10分钟 )输完 5 0 0ml,继之用平衡液维持。观察硬膜外麻醉注药前以及注药后 5、10分钟收缩压、舒张压的变化。结果 :羟乙基淀粉组注药后 5、10分钟收缩压、舒张压较注药前无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。平衡液组注药后 5、10分钟收缩压、舒张压较注药前明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :羟乙基淀粉可预防硬膜外麻醉致血管扩张引起的血压下降。     

pIRES-GFP-前脑啡肽原载体在体内外的表达及生物学效应

目的检测pIRES-GFP-前脑啡肽原载体在体内外的表达,以探索脑啡肽基因镇痛的生物学效应与临床应用的可行性。方法将大鼠前脑啡肽原基因与绿色荧光蛋白真核质粒连接构建重组质粒,体外转染机体细胞,通过阳性细胞绿色荧光表达的强弱与细胞上清液脑啡肽水平的放射免疫测定,观察重组质粒在细胞内的合成与表达;大鼠蛛网膜下腔注射重组质粒,观察大鼠热痛阈值的变化,确定重组质粒在机体细胞内合成外源性脑啡肽的生物学活性。结果体外试验表明重组质粒转染24 h后COS-7细胞内开始有绿色荧光表达,48 h达高峰,持续27 d开始减弱,动物实验大鼠热痛阈值的变化与体外试验基本相符。结论重组质粒在机体细胞内合成的外源性脑啡肽具有与内源性脑啡肽相同的生物学活性,可以作为一种长效的基因镇痛方法应用于临床。     

黄刺虫囊水提取液催眠、抗惊厥、镇痛作用的研究

黄刺虫囊(Cnidocampa flavescens)水提取液,有明显的对抗戊四氮的惊厥作用和促进硫喷妥钠阈下催眠剂量的催眠作用。给小白鼠皮下注射黄刺虫囊水提取液后,用扭体法、电尾刺激法,热板法等方法观察了结果,有一定的镇痛作用。     

臂丛自控镇痛对前臂显微外科手术后的影响

目的观察臂丛自控镇痛(patient-controlled brachial plexus analgesia, PCBPA)对前臂显微外科手术后镇痛的效果及术后恢复的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级在臂丛阻滞麻醉下行前臂显微外科手术的患者24例,随机分为PCBPA组和对照组,每组各12例。PCBPA组用1%利多卡因 0.25%布比卡因合剂进行术后PCBPA,使用Graseby 9300型病人自控镇痛(PCA)泵,设计基础量为2 ml/h,冲击量为3 ml/次,锁定时间为45 min。用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)法对两组病人术后3 d进行疼痛评分,同时观察围术期平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)的变化。结果术后24 h内PCBPA组VAS、MAP及HR显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论PCBPA技术用于前臂显微外科手术后镇痛效果确切,可抑制术后应激反应并有助于术后恢复。     

曲马多骶管注入用于小儿术后镇痛的初步研究

目的观察骶管注入1mg/kg曲马多用于小儿术后镇痛的效果和安全性.方法∞例在骶麻下行斜疝修补术小儿随机分为3组A组骶管注入1%利多卡因,B组注入1%利多卡因+0.15%布比卡因,C组注入1%利多卡因+1mg/kg曲马多,注药容积为1ml/kg.术后4、8、12、24h随访并记录疼痛评分(LPS)及副作用.结果LPS＜3级者B组、C组各时间点明显多于A组,平均镇痛时间C组明显长于A、B组(P＜0.01),清醒后再嗜睡时间、术后恶心呕吐发生率3组间无明显差异,C组肌力恢复时间、肛门排气时间明显短于B组(P＜0.01).结论曲马多1mg/kg骶管注入是小儿斜疝修补术较好的术后镇痛方法之一.