儿童嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿的临床特点与治疗

目的 探讨儿童嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿（ELG）的临床特点和诊治方法，以提高对本病的认识。方法 回顾性分析5例ELG患儿的临床特征、实验室检查、病理、治疗及疗效，并进行相关文献复习。结果 ELG5例均为男童，主要表现为多发性皮肤软组织肿块和淋巴结大，其中1例并肾病综合征，2例有反复湿疹样皮疹，1例2次发生喘息性支气管炎，患儿均无肝脾大，生长发育良好。最初单纯化疗4例均复发，经配合局部放疗或加用环孢素（CsA）等治疗后未复发。结论 儿童ELG临床及病理特点与成人相似，但儿童发病较少。单纯化疗易复发，配合放疗、手术、应用CsA等综合治疗可提高疗效。     

Chronological observation of surgically‐treated granuloma faciale implies the necessity of circumspect management for perinasal nodular subset

Granuloma faciale (GF) is a rare chronic dermatosis with still unknown etiopathology, which usually presents a solitary, asymptomatic, smooth reddish‐brown to violaceous plaques or nodules on the face. Various therapeutic approaches, including topical application of corticosteroid or tacrolimus and removal with laser, cryotherapy and surgery have been attempted; however, the outcome has been inconsistent. Herein, we report a case of perinasal nodular GF who repeatedly underwent surgical excisions after the failure of laser treatment. Despite its nomenclature, GF does not manifest granulomatous tissue and the lesion is histopathologically characterized by dense dermal cell infiltration devoid of granulomatous changes and not distinguished by a clear border, which partially explains the difficulty of complete removal in our case. Review of the published work delineated that GF could be largely divided into two clinical subsets: plaque and nodular types. The plaque type GF could be responsive to topical tacrolimus, an approach preferentially adopted nowadays, while nodular type GF was often resistant to topical therapies and required surgical or laser removal. The latter subset often arose around the nose. For this location, surgical excision with sufficient removal margin is sometimes technically difficult when an aesthetically acceptable outcome is expected, explaining the basis for local recurrence. Postoperative recurrence could be observed after years of disease‐free period. These observations indicated that the need for respective treatment strategies for the management of distinctive GF subsets. Of note, a multidisciplinary approach combining radical resection and additional supportive intervention with long‐term follow up may be required for perinasal and nodular GF.     

Foreign body granuloma around implantable pulse generator for deep brain stimulation: Two case reports

We report two cases of granuloma that occurred around an implantable pulse generator (IPG) for deep brain stimulation. Both cases showed no signs of infection and disappeared after moving the IPG and removing the granulation. If a noninfectious mass is formed, the relocation of IPG may improve it.     

不同评价方法对介入放射工作人员个人剂量监测结果的影响

结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB）感染人体后，有两种不同的发病类型，即原发性结核病和原发后（继发性）结核病。本文重点回顾近几年结核病发病学的重要进展，包括以肺泡巨噬细胞、脂质体、泡沫巨噬细胞、肉芽肿等为结构特点的原发性结核病，在结核发病过程中所起到的保护性免疫作用，以及结核空洞等继发性结核病所造成的组织破坏性免疫反应，导致MTB释放、逃离并播散。局部组织MTB抗原持续存在与宿主高致敏淋巴细胞游走，是形成结核免疫独具特色koch现象的基础，决定潜伏性MTB感染向活动性结核病的转化。当前MTB潜伏感染人群很大，因此加强筛查仍是结核病防控的首要措施。     

Mycobacterium Species Related to M. leprae and M. lepromatosis from Cows with Bovine Nodular Thelitis

Bovine nodular thelitis is a granulomatous dermatitis associated with infection with acid-fast bacteria. To identify the mycobacterium responsible for this infection, we conducted phylogenetic investigations based on partial sequencing of 6 genes. These bacteria were identified as an undescribed Mycobacterium species that was phylogenetically related to M. leprae and M. lepromatosis.     

Estudio de los mecanismos implicados en la génesis y evolución del asma (proyecto MEGA): creación y seguimiento a largo plazo de una cohorte de pacientes asmáticos

The general aim of this study is to create a cohort of asthma patients with varying grades of severity in order to gain greater insight into the mechanisms underlying the genesis and course of this disease.The specific objectives focus on various studies, including imaging, lung function, inflammation, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, to determine the relevant events that characterize the asthma population, the long-term parameters that can determine changes in the severity of patients, and the treatments that influence disease progression. The study will also seek to identify the causes of exacerbations and how this affects the course of the disease.Patients will be contacted via the outpatient clinics of the 8 participating institutions under the auspices of the Spanish Respiratory Diseases Networking System (CIBER). In the inclusion visit, a standardized clinical history will be obtained, a clinical examination, including blood pressure, body mass index, complete respiratory function tests, and FENO will be performed, and the Asthma Control Test (ACT), Morisky-Green test, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini AQLQ), the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) will be administered. A specific electronic database has been designed for data collection. Exhaled breath condensate, urine and blood samples will also be collected. Non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness testing with methacholine will be performed and an induced sputum sample will be collected at the beginning of the study and every 24 months. A skin prick test for airborne allergens and a chest CT will be performed at the beginning of the study and repeated every 5 years.     

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma of conjunctiva: A case report

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma is a condition characterized histologically by damaged elastic fibers associated with preponderance of giant cells along with absence of necrobiosis, lipid, mucin, and pallisading granuloma. It usually occurs on sun-damaged skin and hence the previous name actinic granuloma. A similar process occurs on the conjunctiva. Over the past three decades only four cases of conjunctival actinic granuloma have been documented. All the previous patients were females with lesions in nasal or temporal bulbar conjunctiva varying 2-3 mm in size. We report a male patient aged 70 years presenting with a 14 mm × 7 mm fleshy mass on right lower bulbar conjunctiva. Clinical differential diagnoses were lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma in situ and amyloidosis. Surgical excision followed by histopathology confirmed it to be a case of actinic granuloma. This is the first case of isolated conjunctival actinic granuloma of such a large size reported from India.     

Inflammatory pseudotumour (plasma cell granuloma) arising in the maxillary sinus

Conclusions. Inflammatory pseudotumours in the maxillary sinus may present as malignant tumours and manifest locally aggressive features characteristic of such tumours. Despite their locally destructive features, they pursue a benign course after local excision. Objective. Inflammatory pseudotumour (plasma cell granuloma) is an uncommon non-neoplastic lesion comprising a proliferation of spindle myofibroblasts and chronic inflammatory cells. Despite its benign histopathological nature, it may exhibit aggressive behaviour that is yet to be characterized in the head and neck area. Material and methods. We present the cases of two adult patients with inflammatory pseudotumour arising from the maxillary sinus. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for immunoglobulin from tissue sections were performed to confirm the polyclonality of the infiltrating plasma cells. Results. CT and MRI disclosed expansive soft masses eroding surrounding soft and bony tissues. Histopathologically, the lesions were unencapsulated and composed of numerous plasma cells, histiocytes and spindle cells with minimal nuclear pleomorphism.