Endotracheal involvement from atypical mycobacterium causing respiratory difficulty: Case report and literature review

Atypical mycobacterium infections often present as cervicofacial lymphadenitis in pediatric patients. Endotracheal involvement, however, is rare, and has not been previously described with imaging and photographs.An infant with natural killer T-cell deficiency was admitted with cough, rhinorrhea, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Laryngotracheobronchitis-type symptoms persisted and imaging revealed an intraluminal abnormality of the trachea. Endoscopy confirmed a mediastinal lymph node with intrusion into the tracheal lumen. Intraluminal biopsy was deferred due to concerns of airway loss. Biopsy of the associated cervical lymph node confirmed Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. The patient was managed with antibiotics and steroids with clinical resolution of his respiratory symptoms.     

机械通气患者套囊压力的监测

目的 讨论机械通气患者气管插管导管、气管切开套管的套囊压力和注气量是否合适,提供正确给套囊注气的科学依据.方法 对35例气管插管、气管切开进行机械通气患者的气管套管套囊压力和注气量的实际值和理想值进行准确测量.结果 65％的患者气管套管套囊实际压力和注气量过高,大于理想值.其中套囊实际注气量大于理想注气量2～4ml,套囊压力超过理想压力2～26 cm H2O.结论 临床上大部分气管套管套囊压力和注气量偏高,因此,应对人工气道患者采用专用套囊测压仪指导套囊注气量及控制囊内压,最大限度地避免气道黏膜的损伤.     

Multiphoton microscopy for pre-clinical evaluation of flow-diverter stents for treating aneurysms

BackgroundConventional histological analyses are the gold standard for the study of aneurysms and vascular pathologies in pre-clinical research. Over the past decade, in vivo and ex vivo imaging using multiphoton microscopy have emerged as powerful pre-clinical tools for detailed tissue analyses that can assess morphology, the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell density and vascularisation. Multiphoton microscopy allows for deeper tissue penetration with minor phototoxicity.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to demonstrate the current status of multimodality imaging, including multiphoton microscopy, for detailed analyses of neo-endothelialisation and ECM evolution after flow-diverter stent (FDS) treatment in an experimental rabbit model of aneurysms.MethodsMultiphoton microscopy tools for assessing autofluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) signals from biological tissues were used to evaluate the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms in an animal model of aneurysms (pig, rabbit). Results from multiphoton microscopy were compared to those from standard histology, electronic and bright field microscopy.ConclusionsThe present study describes novel evaluation modes based on multiphoton microscopy for visualising tissue morphology (e.g., collagen, elastin, and cells) to qualify and quantify the extent of neo-intimal formation of covered arteries and device integration into the arterial wall using a rabbit model of intracranial aneurysms treated with FDS.     

液囊空肠管预防急性脑卒中患者卒中相关性肺炎的观察

目的探讨液囊鼻肠管对急性脑卒中患者卒中相关性肺炎(SAP)的预防作用。方法以2014年5月-2015年4月符合条件的80例急性脑卒中患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组(留置胃管)和观察组(留置液囊空肠管)。记录一般临床资料,观察至置管后2周,比较两组的白蛋白水平和SAP发生情况。结果两组之间的白蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组发生SAP 5例(20.0%),对照组发生SAP 13例(32.5%),两组SAP发生率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.588,P=0.032)。结论液囊空肠管能够减少需要肠内营养的急性脑卒中患者SAP的发生,值得在临床中进一步推广。     

Development of a Simple Method for Rapid Isolation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes from Human Blood

Abstract

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs; commonly known as neutrophils) play essential roles in innate immunity and inflammation. Although there are standardized methods for the isolation of human neutrophils, they are time consuming and demand considerable technical expertise, making them unfeasible for many clinical applications. Here, we describe a simple and time‐efficient technique for the isolation of human neutrophils, which adapts a readily available commercial cell preparation tube (CPT) currently in use for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma and is now adapted to also yield neutrophils. The total time required for neutrophil isolation was less than 1 hr. Neutrophils isolated by this method were highly purified (≥97%) as assessed by surface expression of the neutrophil specific marker, CD66b. Neutrophils isolated by this method were functional as demonstrated by their ability to secrete interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA). Neutrophils isolated using this new technique secreted significant amounts of soluble IL‐1RA (929.3?±?197 pg/10⁶?cells/mL) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Use of this adapted CPT method allows simultaneous isolation of functional human neutrophils as well as PBMC and plasma. Adoption of this new method will allow the conduct of different neutrophil assays at any clinical site without requiring trained laboratory personnel or a large staff time commitment.     

Novel use of a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube during a neck exploration of a carotid injury: A case report

Penetrating neck trauma can injure the major blood vessels, airway, gastrointestinal system, and neurological system. We present a case where a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube was emergently placed during surgical exploration of a stab wound to the neck to tamponade bleeding until surgical control was obtained and the vascular injuries were managed.     

不同体位下留置鼻肠管在老年痴呆患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨不同体位下留置鼻肠管在老年痴呆患者中的应用效果。方法 选取我院在2019 年2 月至2020年2 月确诊并治疗的老年痴呆患者100 例，依据置管时的不同体位分成两组，对照组（n=50）应用仰卧位（床头抬高＜30°），研究组（n=50）应用45°右侧卧位。观察比较两组的一次性成功置管比率水平差异；两组的置管平均耗时水平差异；两组置管过程中的相关反应发生比率水平差异。结果 研究组一次性成功置管比率水平为94.0%（47/50），对照组一次性成功置管比率水平为76.0%（38/50），研究组一次性成功置管比率水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。研究组置管平均耗时为（131.6±10.1）s，对照组置管平均耗时为（284.1±13.4）s，研究组置管平均耗时水平短于对照组（P＜0.05）。研究组置管过程中发生相关反应的比率水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 给予老年痴呆患者在留置鼻肠管时使用45°右侧卧位可显著提高一次性成功置管比率，缩短置管耗时，降低患者发生相关置管反应的比率水平。