Colonic manifestations of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Case series and systematic review

AIM:To investigate our clinical experience with the colonic manifestations of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten(PTEN)hamartoma tumor syndrome(PHTS)and to perform a systematic literature review regarding the same.METHODS:This study was approved by the appropriate institutional review board prior to initiation.A clinical genetics database was searched for patients with PHTS or a component syndrome that received gastrointestinal endoscopy or pathology interpretation at our center.These patient’s records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics(including family history and genetic testing),endoscopy results and pathology findings.We also performed a systematic review of the literature for case series of PHTS or component syndromes that reported gastrointestinal manifestations and investigations published after consensus diagnostic criteria were established in 1996.These results were compiled and reported.RESULTS:Eight patients from our institution met initial inclusion criteria.Of these,5 patients underwent4.2 colonoscopies at mean age 45.8±10.8 years.All were found to have colon polyps during their clinical course and polyp histology included adenoma,hyperplastic,ganglioneuroma and juvenile.No malignant lesions were identified.Two had multiple histologic types.One patient underwent colectomy due to innumerable polyps and concern for future malignant potential.Systematic literature review of PHTS patients undergoing endoscopy revealed 107 patients receiving colonoscopy at mean age 37.4 years.Colon polyps were noted in92.5%and multiple colon polyp histologies were reported in 53.6%.Common polyp histologies included hyperplastic(43.6%),adenoma(40.4%),hamartoma(38.3%),ganglioneuroma(33%)and inflammatory(24.5%)polyps.Twelve(11.2%)patients had colorectal cancer at mean age 46.7 years(range 35-62).Clinical outcomes secondary to colon polyposis and malignancy were not commonly reported.CONCLUSION:PHTS has a high prevalence of colon polyposis with multiple histologic types.It should be considered a mixed polyposis syndrome.Systematic review found an increased prevalence of colorectal cancer and we recommend initiating colonoscopy for colorectal cancer surveillance at age 35 years.     

Role of endoscopy in the bariatric surgery of patients

Obesity is an increasingly serious health problem in nearly all Western countries.It represents an important risk factor for several gastrointestinal diseases,such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,erosive esophagitis,hiatal hernia,Barrett’s esophagus,esophageal adenocarcinoma,Helicobacter pylori infection,colorectal polyps and cancer,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Surgery is the most effective treatment to date,resulting in sustainable and significant weight loss,along with the resolution of metabolic comorbidities in up to 80%of cases.Many of these conditions can be clinically relevant and have a significant impact on patients undergoing bariatric surgery.There is evidence that the chosen procedure might be changed if specific pathological upper gastrointestinal findings,such as large hiatal hernia or Barrett’s esophagus,are detected preoperatively.The value of a routine endoscopy before bariatric surgery in asymptomatic patients(screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy)remains controversial.The common indications for endoscopy in the postoperative bariatric patient include the evaluation of symptoms,the management of complications,and the evaluation of weight loss failure.It is of critical importance for the endoscopist to be familiar with the postoperative anatomy and to work in close collaboration with bariatric surgery colleagues in order to maximize the outcome and safety of endoscopy in this setting.The purpose of this article is to review the role of the endoscopist in a multidisciplinary obesity center as it pertains to the preoperative and postoperative management of bariatric surgery patients.     

Virtual chromoendoscopy in small bowel capsule endoscopy: New light or a cast of shadow?

AIM: To evaluate whether virtual chromoendoscopy can improve the delineation of small bowel lesions previously detected by conventional white light small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE). METHODS: Retrospective single center study. One hundred lesions selected from forty-nine consecutive conventional white light SBCE(SBCE-WL) examinations were included. Lesions were reviewed at three Flexible Spectral Imaging Color Enhancement(FICE) settings and Blue Filter(BF) by two gastroenterologists with ex-perience in SBCE, blinded to each other's findings, whoranked the quality of delineation as better, equivalent or worse than conventional SBCE-WL. Inter-observer percentage of agreement was determined and analyzed with Fleiss Kappa(k) coefficient. Lesions selected for the study included angioectasias(n = 39), ulcers/ero-sions(n = 49) and villous edema/atrophy(n = 12). RESULTS: Overall, the delineation of lesions was im-proved in 77% of cases with FICE 1, 74% with FICE 2, 41% with FICE 3 and 39% with the BF, with a percent-age of agreement between investigators of 89%(k = 0.833), 85%(k = 0.764), 66%(k = 0.486) and 79%(k = 0.593), respectively. FICE 1 improved the delineation of 97.4% of angioectasias, 63.3% of ulcers/erosions and 66.7% of villous edema/atrophy with a percentage of agreement of 97.4%(k = 0.910), 81.6%(k = 0.714) and 91.7%(k = 0.815), respectively. FICE 2 improved the delineation of 97.4% of angioectasias, 57.1% of ulcers/erosions and 66.7% of villous edema/atrophy, with a percentage of agreement of 89.7%(k = 0.802), 79,6%(k = 0.703) and 91.7%(k = 0.815), respectively. FICE 3 improved the delineation of 46.2% of angioecta-sias, 24.5% of ulcers/erosions and none of the cases of villous edema/atrophy, with a percentage of agreement of 53.8% [k = not available(NA)], 75.5%(k = NA) and 66.7%(k = 0.304), respectively. The BF improved the delineation of 15.4% of angioectasias, 61.2% of ulcers/erosions and 25% of villous edema/atrophy, with a per-centage of agreement of 76.9%(k = 0.558), 81.6%(k = 0.570) and 25.0%(k = NA), respectively.CONCLUSION: Virtual chromoendoscopy can improve the delineation of angioectasias, ulcers/erosions and villous edema/atrophy detected by SBCE, with almost perfect interobserver agreement for FICE 1.     

Clinical Outcomes Associated with Treatment Modalities for Gastrointestinal Bezoars

Background/Aims

With technical and instrumental advances, the endoscopic removal of bezoars is now more common than conventional surgical removal. We investigated the clinical outcomes in a patient cohort with gastrointestinal bezoars removed using different treatment modalities.

Methods

Between June 1989 and March 2012, 93 patients with gastrointestinal bezoars underwent endoscopic or surgical procedures at the Asan Medical Center. These patients were divided into endoscopic (n=39) and surgical (n=54) treatment groups in accordance with the initial treatment modality. The clinical feature and outcomes of these two groups were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The median follow-up period was 13 months (interquartile range [IQR], 0 to 77 months) in 93 patients with a median age of 60 years (IQR, 50 to 73 years). Among the initial symptoms, abdominal pain was the most common chief complaint (72.1%). The bezoars were commonly located in the stomach (82.1%) in the endoscopic treatment group and in the small bowel (66.7%) in the surgical treatment group. The success rates of endoscopic and surgical treatment were 89.7% and 98.1%, and the complication rates were 12.8% and 33.3%, respectively.

Conclusions

Endoscopic removal of a gastrointestinal bezoar is an effective treatment modality; however, surgical removal is needed in some cases.     

风险护理对食管平滑肌瘤患者内镜下剥离电切术治疗效果与手术时间、术中出血量的影响

目的探讨风险护理对食管平滑肌瘤患者内镜下剥离电切术治疗效果与手术时间、术中出血量的影响。方法 选取2018 年5 月～2019 年5 月我院收治的食管平滑肌瘤患者98 例,随机分为研究组（n=49）与对照组（n=49）。对照组应用常规护理,研究组应用风险护理。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、满意度及不良事件发生率。结果 研究组患者的手术时间与术中出血量均少于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组患者的满意度高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组食管穿孔、局部肿胀等不良事件发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 在食管平滑肌瘤患者内镜下剥离电切术的护理过程中,应用风险护理,可以提高患者的临床治疗效果,且患者的满意度较高,不良事件发生率降低,可在临床推广应用。     

我国消化内镜传统诊治项目开展现状与分析:169家医院调查报告

目的 调查分析我国消化内镜传统诊治项目(常规胃肠镜检查、息肉切除等)开展状况.方法 以国内不同省份的各级医院消化内镜单元(室)为调查对象,采用电子邮件或电话问卷方式对我国消化内镜传统诊治项目开展状况进行调查分析.率的比较采用X2检验.结果 自2010年5月至11月,共有169家医院纳入本次调查,分布于28个省,占国内大陆省份的90.3％ (28/31),其中147家医院可开展消化内镜操作,占87.0％.在这147家医院中,所有医院(100％)均可开展常规胃镜检查,93.9％(138/147)的医院可开展肠镜检查,二、三级医院肠镜开展率(97.8％、100％)高于一级医院(25.0％,x2=60.9,P＜0.01);所有三级医院(100％)和79.8％(71/89)的二级医院能开展内镜下息肉切除术,明显高于一级医院(16.7％,x2=20.0,P＜0.01);在147家医院中,共有74家开展经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP),占50.3％,其中76.1％(35/46)的三级医院、43.8％(39/89)的二级医院可开展ERCP,三级医院高于二级医院(x2=12.7,P＜0.01);12家已开展消化内镜操作的一级医院中,均未开展ERCP、超声内镜检查(EUS)及食管静脉套扎+硬化(EVL+ EVS)治疗.结论 常规胃肠镜检查在我国二、三级医院已普及,一级医院还有较大提升空间;ERCP术及EVL+ EVS等传统消化内镜介入操作在三级医院较普及,二级医院有待提高.     

Transabdominal preperitoneal versus totally extraperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia: a meta-analysis of randomized studies

Background

The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair and totally extraperitoneal repair.

Methods

The electronic databases of Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched, and a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was undertaken.

Results

Seven studies comprising 516 patients with 538 inguinal hernia defects were identified. A shorter recovery time (P = .02) was found for totally extraperitoneal repair in comparison with transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (weighted mean difference = −.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], −.71 to .07) although the length of hospitalization (P = .89) was similar in the 2 treatment arms (weighted mean difference = .01; 95% CI, −.13 to .15). Operative morbidity (P = .004) was higher for the preperitoneal approach (odds ratio = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.29 to 3.61). No differences were found with regard to the incidence of recurrence, long-term neuralgia, and operative time.

Conclusions

Current evidence suggests similar operative results for endoscopic and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, with a trend toward higher morbidity for the preperitoneal approach. Randomized trials with a longer-term follow-up are needed in order to assess the effect of each approach on the prevention of recurrence.     

念珠菌性食管炎98例诊治分析

目的了解念珠菌性食管炎的危险因素和治疗方案的选择。方法念珠菌性食管炎患者98例,对照组196例,分析其高危因素。念珠菌性食管炎组剔除10例长期服用PPI的患者后,剩余88例按抽签单双号方式随机分为氟康唑治疗组和制霉素治疗组各44例,分别给予2周的抗真菌治疗,疗程结束后复查胃镜,分析治疗效果,并对所有患者进行药物敏感测试。结果念珠菌性食管炎的高危因素包括应用广谱抗生素(OR=5.66,χ2=20.14,P<0.05)、糖尿病(OR=4.00,χ2=7.96,P<0.05)、质子泵抑制剂(OR=3.59,χ2=6.46,P<0.05)、恶性肿瘤(OR=3.41,χ2=10.40,P<0.05)等。治疗效果方面,制霉素治疗组37例(84.1%)患者完全治愈,5例(11.4%)患者治疗有效,2例(4.5%)患者治疗无效;氟康唑治疗组35例(79.5%)患者完全治愈,8例(18.2%)患者治疗有效,1例(2.3%)患者治疗无效;两组在治愈率方面无统计学差异(P>0.05)。氟康唑耐药率为8.6%,制霉素为7.1%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。制霉菌素组治疗费用明显低于氟康唑组(P<0.05),二者在药物副反应方面无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论使用广谱抗生素、质子泵抑制剂、合并恶性肿瘤、糖尿病是念珠菌性食管炎的危险因素,制霉素可以作为治疗念珠菌性食管炎一种安全、有效、经济的选择。