新型便携式内镜系统用于上消化道内镜检查的实验研究

目的通过动物实验初步评估新型便携式内镜系统用于上消化道内镜检查的操作性能、有效性和安全性。方法采用平行对照、非劣效研究,选取10头健康巴拿猪作为研究对象,1名内镜医师使用日本Olympus内镜系统(型号GIF-Q260),另一名内镜医师使用新型便携式内镜系统,对10头健康巴拿猪按照先新型便携式内镜系统后Olympus内镜系统的顺序进行上消化道内镜检查,采用量化评分指标,对新型便携式内镜系统进行器械质量评价、图像质量评价和安全性评价。结果新型便携式内镜系统单人操作时,展开和收纳用时分别为(110.24±8.93)s和(91.33±11.59)s,戴内镜一次性保护套用时(233.48±17.06)s。器械质量评价方面,新型便携式内镜系统的水气吸引性能不如Olympus内镜系统,吸引400 mL生理盐水所需时间为(56.44±5.18)s,用时多于Olympus内镜系统(型号GIF-Q260)的(33.71±3.56)s,但本新型便携式内镜系统吸引仍符合医疗器械技术要求(吸引量>400 mL/min);其他性能(包括整机密封性、活检通道、镜身坚柔、旋钮操作、镜身弯曲度、视野范围)与Olympus内镜系统相当。图像质量评价方面,新型便携式内镜系统的性能(包括图像清晰度、图像变形及失真、图像颜色分辨率、图像照度、图像质量综合评价)与Olympus内镜系统相近。安全性评价方面,仅使用Olympus内镜系统操作时有1头猪出现恶心症状,使用新型便携式内镜系统操作时的10头猪未发生呕吐、咽喉部出血、心脏骤停等不良事件。结论新型便携式内镜系统展收方便,操作安全性好,内镜操作性能和有效性与临床常用内镜系统相当,不足之处在于水气吸引性能略差于临床常用内镜系统,但仍符合医疗器械技术要求,可以满足上消化道内镜检查。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间全国儿科消化内镜开展情况调查

目的总结新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）疫情期间全国儿科消化内镜开展诊疗经验,为下一步临床诊疗工作提供防控指导。方法中华医学会消化内镜学分会儿科协作组对全国47所儿科消化内镜中心2020年1月24日—3月1日内镜诊治开展情况以问卷调查表的形式进行了调查。结果疫情期间,儿科消化内镜中心采用了停止常规内镜诊疗、严格术前流行病学排查、增加特殊术前检查、术前内镜医师会诊制度、候诊区管理、精简工作人员、不同岗位不同防护级别、特殊麻醉管理、重视诊疗区域消毒、加强内镜清洗消毒及医疗废物管理等防控措施。47所医院在2020年1月24日—3月1日38 d内共完成536例儿科消化内镜诊疗,其中治疗210例（39.2%）,诊断326例（60.8%）,未发生一例院内感染。结论COVID-19疫情期间,全国儿科消化内镜中心根据国家疫情防控政策及相关指南要求,结合儿科特点及医院实际情况,在严格把握内镜诊疗指征、严密防护的前提下,安全开展了儿科消化内镜诊疗。     

Artificial intelligence technologies for the detection of colorectal lesions: The future is now

Several studies have shown a significant adenoma miss rate up to 35% during screening colonoscopy, especially in patients with diminutive adenomas. The use of artificial intelligence(AI) in colonoscopy has been gaining popularity by helping endoscopists in polyp detection, with the aim to increase their adenoma detection rate(ADR) and polyp detection rate(PDR) in order to reduce the incidence of interval cancers. The efficacy of deep convolutional neural network(DCNN)-based AI system for polyp detection has been trained and tested in ex vivo settings such as colonoscopy still images or videos. Recent trials have evaluated the real-time efficacy of DCNN-based systems showing promising results in term of improved ADR and PDR. In this review we reported data from the preliminary ex vivo experiences and summarized the results of the initial randomized controlled trials.     

Advanced therapeutic endoscopist and inflammatory bowel disease: Dawn of a new role

Endoscopy plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Colonoscopy has been traditionally used in the diagnosis of IBD and helps in determination of an important end point in patient management,"mucosal healing".However,the involvement of an advanced endoscopist has expanded with innovations in therapeutic and newer imaging techniques.Endoscopists are increasingly being involved in the management of anastomotic and small bowel strictures in these patients.The advent of balloon enteroscopy has helped us access areas not deemed possible in the past for dilations.An advanced endoscopist also plays an integral part in managing ileal pouchanal anastomosis complications including management of pouch strictures and sinuses.The use of rectal endoscopic ultrasound has been expanded for imaging of perianal fistulae in patients with Crohn’s disease and appears much more sensitive than magnetic resonance imaging and exam under anesthesia.Advanced endoscopists also play an integral part in detection of dyspla-sia by employing advanced imaging techniques.In fact the paradigm for neoplasia surveillance in IBD is rapidly evolving with advancements in endoscopic imaging technology with pancolonic chromoendoscopy becoming the main imaging modality for neoplasia surveillance in IBD patients in most institutions.Advanced endoscopists are also called upon to diagnose primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)and also offer options for endoscopic management of strictures through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).In addition,PSC patients are at increased risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma with a 20%lifetime risk.Brush cytology obtained during ERCP and use of fluorescence in situ hybridization which assesses the presence of chromosomal aneuploidy(abnormality in chromosome number)are established initial diagnostic techniques in the investigation of patients with biliary strictures.Thus advanced endoscopists play an integral part in the management of IBD patients and our article aims to summarize the current evidence which supports this role and calls for developing and training a new breed of interventionalists who specialize in the management of IBD patients and complications specific to those patients.     

Colonic manifestations of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Case series and systematic review

AIM:To investigate our clinical experience with the colonic manifestations of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten(PTEN)hamartoma tumor syndrome(PHTS)and to perform a systematic literature review regarding the same.METHODS:This study was approved by the appropriate institutional review board prior to initiation.A clinical genetics database was searched for patients with PHTS or a component syndrome that received gastrointestinal endoscopy or pathology interpretation at our center.These patient’s records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics(including family history and genetic testing),endoscopy results and pathology findings.We also performed a systematic review of the literature for case series of PHTS or component syndromes that reported gastrointestinal manifestations and investigations published after consensus diagnostic criteria were established in 1996.These results were compiled and reported.RESULTS:Eight patients from our institution met initial inclusion criteria.Of these,5 patients underwent4.2 colonoscopies at mean age 45.8±10.8 years.All were found to have colon polyps during their clinical course and polyp histology included adenoma,hyperplastic,ganglioneuroma and juvenile.No malignant lesions were identified.Two had multiple histologic types.One patient underwent colectomy due to innumerable polyps and concern for future malignant potential.Systematic literature review of PHTS patients undergoing endoscopy revealed 107 patients receiving colonoscopy at mean age 37.4 years.Colon polyps were noted in92.5%and multiple colon polyp histologies were reported in 53.6%.Common polyp histologies included hyperplastic(43.6%),adenoma(40.4%),hamartoma(38.3%),ganglioneuroma(33%)and inflammatory(24.5%)polyps.Twelve(11.2%)patients had colorectal cancer at mean age 46.7 years(range 35-62).Clinical outcomes secondary to colon polyposis and malignancy were not commonly reported.CONCLUSION:PHTS has a high prevalence of colon polyposis with multiple histologic types.It should be considered a mixed polyposis syndrome.Systematic review found an increased prevalence of colorectal cancer and we recommend initiating colonoscopy for colorectal cancer surveillance at age 35 years.     

Role of endoscopy in the bariatric surgery of patients

Obesity is an increasingly serious health problem in nearly all Western countries.It represents an important risk factor for several gastrointestinal diseases,such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,erosive esophagitis,hiatal hernia,Barrett’s esophagus,esophageal adenocarcinoma,Helicobacter pylori infection,colorectal polyps and cancer,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Surgery is the most effective treatment to date,resulting in sustainable and significant weight loss,along with the resolution of metabolic comorbidities in up to 80%of cases.Many of these conditions can be clinically relevant and have a significant impact on patients undergoing bariatric surgery.There is evidence that the chosen procedure might be changed if specific pathological upper gastrointestinal findings,such as large hiatal hernia or Barrett’s esophagus,are detected preoperatively.The value of a routine endoscopy before bariatric surgery in asymptomatic patients(screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy)remains controversial.The common indications for endoscopy in the postoperative bariatric patient include the evaluation of symptoms,the management of complications,and the evaluation of weight loss failure.It is of critical importance for the endoscopist to be familiar with the postoperative anatomy and to work in close collaboration with bariatric surgery colleagues in order to maximize the outcome and safety of endoscopy in this setting.The purpose of this article is to review the role of the endoscopist in a multidisciplinary obesity center as it pertains to the preoperative and postoperative management of bariatric surgery patients.     

Virtual chromoendoscopy in small bowel capsule endoscopy: New light or a cast of shadow?

AIM: To evaluate whether virtual chromoendoscopy can improve the delineation of small bowel lesions previously detected by conventional white light small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE). METHODS: Retrospective single center study. One hundred lesions selected from forty-nine consecutive conventional white light SBCE(SBCE-WL) examinations were included. Lesions were reviewed at three Flexible Spectral Imaging Color Enhancement(FICE) settings and Blue Filter(BF) by two gastroenterologists with ex-perience in SBCE, blinded to each other's findings, whoranked the quality of delineation as better, equivalent or worse than conventional SBCE-WL. Inter-observer percentage of agreement was determined and analyzed with Fleiss Kappa(k) coefficient. Lesions selected for the study included angioectasias(n = 39), ulcers/ero-sions(n = 49) and villous edema/atrophy(n = 12). RESULTS: Overall, the delineation of lesions was im-proved in 77% of cases with FICE 1, 74% with FICE 2, 41% with FICE 3 and 39% with the BF, with a percent-age of agreement between investigators of 89%(k = 0.833), 85%(k = 0.764), 66%(k = 0.486) and 79%(k = 0.593), respectively. FICE 1 improved the delineation of 97.4% of angioectasias, 63.3% of ulcers/erosions and 66.7% of villous edema/atrophy with a percentage of agreement of 97.4%(k = 0.910), 81.6%(k = 0.714) and 91.7%(k = 0.815), respectively. FICE 2 improved the delineation of 97.4% of angioectasias, 57.1% of ulcers/erosions and 66.7% of villous edema/atrophy, with a percentage of agreement of 89.7%(k = 0.802), 79,6%(k = 0.703) and 91.7%(k = 0.815), respectively. FICE 3 improved the delineation of 46.2% of angioecta-sias, 24.5% of ulcers/erosions and none of the cases of villous edema/atrophy, with a percentage of agreement of 53.8% [k = not available(NA)], 75.5%(k = NA) and 66.7%(k = 0.304), respectively. The BF improved the delineation of 15.4% of angioectasias, 61.2% of ulcers/erosions and 25% of villous edema/atrophy, with a per-centage of agreement of 76.9%(k = 0.558), 81.6%(k = 0.570) and 25.0%(k = NA), respectively.CONCLUSION: Virtual chromoendoscopy can improve the delineation of angioectasias, ulcers/erosions and villous edema/atrophy detected by SBCE, with almost perfect interobserver agreement for FICE 1.     

Clinical Outcomes Associated with Treatment Modalities for Gastrointestinal Bezoars

Background/Aims

With technical and instrumental advances, the endoscopic removal of bezoars is now more common than conventional surgical removal. We investigated the clinical outcomes in a patient cohort with gastrointestinal bezoars removed using different treatment modalities.

Methods

Between June 1989 and March 2012, 93 patients with gastrointestinal bezoars underwent endoscopic or surgical procedures at the Asan Medical Center. These patients were divided into endoscopic (n=39) and surgical (n=54) treatment groups in accordance with the initial treatment modality. The clinical feature and outcomes of these two groups were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The median follow-up period was 13 months (interquartile range [IQR], 0 to 77 months) in 93 patients with a median age of 60 years (IQR, 50 to 73 years). Among the initial symptoms, abdominal pain was the most common chief complaint (72.1%). The bezoars were commonly located in the stomach (82.1%) in the endoscopic treatment group and in the small bowel (66.7%) in the surgical treatment group. The success rates of endoscopic and surgical treatment were 89.7% and 98.1%, and the complication rates were 12.8% and 33.3%, respectively.

Conclusions

Endoscopic removal of a gastrointestinal bezoar is an effective treatment modality; however, surgical removal is needed in some cases.     

风险护理对食管平滑肌瘤患者内镜下剥离电切术治疗效果与手术时间、术中出血量的影响

目的探讨风险护理对食管平滑肌瘤患者内镜下剥离电切术治疗效果与手术时间、术中出血量的影响。方法 选取2018 年5 月～2019 年5 月我院收治的食管平滑肌瘤患者98 例,随机分为研究组（n=49）与对照组（n=49）。对照组应用常规护理,研究组应用风险护理。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、满意度及不良事件发生率。结果 研究组患者的手术时间与术中出血量均少于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组患者的满意度高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组食管穿孔、局部肿胀等不良事件发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 在食管平滑肌瘤患者内镜下剥离电切术的护理过程中,应用风险护理,可以提高患者的临床治疗效果,且患者的满意度较高,不良事件发生率降低,可在临床推广应用。