分期手术治疗晚期自发性食管破裂并脓胸三例分析

目的 总结分期手术治疗晚期自发性食管破裂并脓胸的效果.方法 广州医学院第二附属医院胸外科2009年9月-2011年5月对3例晚期自发性食管破裂并脓胸患者行分期手术治疗.第一期手术行脓胸清创+T管引流+空肠造瘘,第二期手术行颈部食管胃吻合,重建消化道,同时或第三期手术行胸段食管切除.结果 3例患者均痊愈,平均住院78.7d.随访5～14个月,患者均未出现吞咽困难.结论 分期手术方案能够安全、有效的治疗晚期自发性食管破裂并脓胸.     

小儿脓胸402例临床分析

目的探讨小儿脓胸的流行病学特征、诊治方法和手术时机。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2013年1月我们收治的402例小儿脓胸患儿临床资料。年龄1个月至13岁,其中1—3岁202例。急性脓胸183例,慢性脓胸219例。310例行血培养,305例行胸水培养。374例入院后行胸腔穿刺,312例进一步行胸腔闭式引流术,4例行脓腔开放引流。57例局限性肺不张或肺实变行纤维支气管镜检查肺泡灌洗术1～3次。298例在常规治疗4周后行胸膜纤维板剥脱术。结果血培养22例肺炎链球菌阳性,18例葡萄球菌阳性;胸水培养20例肺炎链球菌阳性,18例葡萄球菌阳性。行纤维支气管镜检查肺泡灌洗术者43例治愈。无死亡病例。402例均痊愈出院,出院后1、3、6、12个月随访,均恢复良好。结论病原学检查为脓胸的早期诊断和治疗提供了帮助;尽早选择有效的方法,充分引流脓液是提高治愈率的关键;手术治疗要选好时机,在微创及肺保护的理念下采取合理措施。     

改良式胸膜剥脱术应用于结核性脓胸治疗的临床研究

目的 研究改良式胸膜剥脱术在结核性脓胸治疗中的临床疗效,并对手术的安全性进行分析.方法 选择2007年1月至2010年9月收治的经病理诊断及手术证实为结核性脓胸82例患者,其中改良式胸膜剥脱术44例,全脓胸胸膜剥脱术28例,胸廓成形术10例,回顾性分析总结几种手术治疗方式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症及术后6个月内患者的肺功能恢复情况.结果 术后1年内所有患者均恢复良好,无死亡病例.改良式胸膜剥脱术患者术中出血量(56.23±15.56) ml,显著少于全脓胸胸膜剥脱术患者的(78.65±23.14)ml及胸廓成形术患者的(66.92±19.83)ml,三者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);改良式胸膜剥脱术患者无并发症发生,而全脓胸胸膜剥脱术患者术后2例(7.1％,2/28)肺复张不全,胸廓成形术患者术中1例(10.0％,1/10)广泛渗血术野模糊不清,被迫择期手术;改良式胸膜剥脱术患者术后6个月内用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)及用力呼气峰流速(PEF)恢复正常的患者分别占95.5％(42/44)、93.2％(41/44)、97.7％(43/44),均优于全脓胸胸膜剥脱术患者的75.0％(21/28)、78.6％(22/28)、85.7％( 24/28)和胸廓成形术患者的80.0％(8/10)、90.0％(9/10)、80.0％(8/10),三者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);三者手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 改良式胸膜剥脱术具有创伤小,出血量少,术后并发症少,术后肺功能恢复快等优势,在治疗结核性脓胸方面具有显著疗效.     

Refractory Empyema Caused by an Intraoperative Rib Fracture Sustained During Esophagectomy: Report of a Case

A 57-year-old woman underwent esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy for lower esophageal cancer, followed by gastric roll reconstruction through the posterior mediastinum. A laparotomy and right thoracotomy with partial resection of the right fifth rib were performed. A purulent discharge requiring drainage developed postoperatively and continued for 3 months despite anastomotic integrity and the absence of a bronchopleural fistula. An empyema developed 3 months after drain removal, and a thoracostomy tube was reinserted. A displaced fragment of the right fifth rib was identified within the abscess cavity. Drainage and irrigation were not curative, and removal of the bone fragment was performed 18 months after the initial procedure. The patient has been symptom-free during 1 year of follow-up. We believe that the rib fragment functioned as a foreign body, which complicated treatment of the patient's postoperative infection. Received: February 15, 2002 / Accepted: September 3, 2002 Reprint requests to: T. Tsukamoto (address 2)     

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for rapid pneumococcal serotype determination in childhood empyema

Nonvaccine serotypes are increasingly responsible for pneumococcal empyema. We developed a one-step polymerase chain reaction for identifying all serotypes covered by the 13-valent conjugate vaccine. Over 1 year, we identified serotypes 19A (n = 6), 1 (n = 2), 3 (n = 1) and 7F/A (n = 2), both in culture-positive and culture-negative pleural fluid from 11 children with empyema.     

阿米巴脓胸1例

本文报道了1例胸膜阿米巴脓胸,并对其诊断和治疗进行了总结。