经阴道超声在早孕期流产后宫腔残留物诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨经阴道超声在早孕期流产后宫腔残留物诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2018年1月至2020年1月医院收治的早孕期人工流产、自然流产及药物流产后行宫腔残留物诊断的患者80例,均采用经阴道超声检查,以病理结果为金标准,分析经阴道超声的诊断效能。结果以病理结果为金标准,经阴道超声对早孕期流产后宫腔残留物的诊断灵敏度为97.22%,特异度为62.50%,准确度为93.75%。结论经阴道超声应用于早孕期流产后宫腔残留物诊断中,具有较高的诊断灵敏度、准确度,可为临床治疗提供依据。     

贵阳市慢性病综合防控示范区居民重点慢性病死亡及早死概率分析

目的 分析贵阳市慢性病综合防控示范区重点慢性病死亡及早死概率情况,评价慢性病综合防控示范区居民健康水平。方法 利用贵阳市2018年5个慢性病综合防控示范区死亡监测数据,根据WHO推荐的早死概率计算方法,计算慢性病综合防控示范区居民心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、慢性呼吸系统疾病和糖尿病等四类重点慢性病死亡水平和早死概率。结果 贵阳市慢性病综合防控示范区四类重点慢病报告死亡率为463.26/10万,其中男性死亡率为520.27/10万,女性死亡率为402.62/10万;城市居民死亡率为425.87/10万,农村为509.07/10万。四类重点慢病早死概率为15.95%,其中男性早死概率为20.64%,女性为10.87%,男性四大类重点慢病均高于女性;城市居民为14.75%,农村为17.39%,除糖尿病外,其余三类重点慢病农村地区早死概率均高于城市。结论 贵阳市慢性病综合防控示范区创建对降低因慢性非传染性疾病死亡具有积极的影响,应持续加大和推广慢病综合防控示范区建设。同时应对农村地区和男性群体的重点慢性病防控工作给予更多的政策和防控支持。     

半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C在肾脏功能早期损伤评估中的应用

目的:探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cystatin C)在肾脏功能早期损伤评估中的应用。方法:检测1338例患者Cystatin C、血尿素(Urea)、血肌酐(Scr)和尿微量蛋白(UMP)。结果:Scr在UMP正常和异常组的比较中,P值>0.05;而Cystatin C的P值<0.01。结论:Cystatin C在肾功能早期损伤评估中灵敏度和特异性比Scr高,可作为肾功能早期损伤的标志物。     

Urinaryα 1 as an index of proximal tubular function in early infancy

Urinary ₁-microglobulin (U-A₁M) was measured in healthy term infants on days 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, 90 and 180 of life. U-A₁M was high until day 14 and declined thereafter. It was significantly correlated with urinary ₂-microglobulin (U-B₂M) throughout the study, but not with serum A₁M on days 1 or 7. Similar to U-B₂M, U-A₁M in the clinically stable term infants with intrauterine growth retardation (n=4–7) was not elevated on days 1–7. In the sick infants who needed immediate resuscitatio at birth (n=4–8), U-A₁M as well as U-B₂M was high on days 1–7 and then decreased to normal levels, suggesting that U-A₁M can be used as a sensitive marker of acute proximal tubular damage and its recovery. These observations indicate that U-A₁M is a useful index of proximal tubular function in early infancy.     

2型糖尿病尿5种蛋白联合检测的临床意义

目的 :了解 2型糖尿病尿 5种蛋白变化的临床意义。方法 :对 2 0 4例 2型糖尿病患者和 44例正常对照者(C组 )同时进行 2 4h尿Alb、Trf、IgG、RBP、NAG(分别简称UAE、UTE、UIE、URBPE及UNAGE)、尿糖排泄 (UGE)和肌酐清除率 (Ccr)的检测。根据 2 4hUAE分为 3组 :正常白蛋白尿组 (Ⅰ组 ) ;微量白蛋白尿组 (Ⅱ组 )及大量白蛋白尿组(Ⅲ组 )。结果 :(1) 2 0 4例中 ,微量和大量白蛋白尿发生率为 41 2 %和 7 8% ,与C组相比 ,Ⅱ组Ccr略降低 (P >0 0 5 ) ,Ⅲ组Ccr明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )UTE在 3组患者中均与UAE呈显著相关 ;UIE在Ⅲ组与UAE明显相关 ;UNAGE在Ⅱ组与UAE明显相关 ;(3)URBPE增高的发生率在Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别为 11 5 %、42 9%和 75 %。结论 :不同分子量尿多种蛋白联合检测对糖尿病肾脏病变的早期发现和定位有较大的价值     

1990—2010年中国女性早婚和生育的地区不平等性

目的 分析1990—2010年中国15~19岁女性青少年结婚和生育的地区不平等性。方法 利用1990—2010年三次全国人口普查汇总数据,计算中国15~19岁女性青少年的已婚率和生育率。将各省份人均国内生产总值(gross domestic product,GDP)作为社会经济发展水平指标,计算女性青少年已婚率和生育率的不平等绝对指数(slope index of inequality,SII)和集中指数(concentration index,CI),并建立线性回归模型衡量已婚率和生育率与人均GDP的关联。结果 1990—2000年,全国15~19岁女性的已婚率从4.7%下降至1.2%,但在2010年反弹至2.1%。生育率从1990年的22.0/1 000人下降至2000年的6.0/1 000人,2010年进一步下降为5.9/1 000人。1990年,15~19岁女性青少年已婚率和生育率地区层面的社会经济不平等性不具有统计学意义(SII和CI均P>0.05)。SII分析显示,2000和2010年,人均GDP最低人群的已婚率比最高人群分别高2.4%(95%CI:0.4~4.4)和2.3%(95%CI:0.3~4.2)。与此同时, 2000年和2010年人均GDP最低人群的生育率比最高人群分别高12.9/1 000人(95%CI:5.4~20.5)和9.3/1 000人(95%CI:4.6~14.0)。已婚的CI值在2000年和2010年分别为-0.32(P=0.02)和-0.17(P=0.03), 生育的CI值在2000年和2010年分别为-0.37(P<0.01)和-0.26(P<0.01)。2000年,人均GDP上升100%,已婚率平均下降1.4%(95%CI:0.1~2.7),生育率平均下降7.9/1 000人(95%CI:2.9~12.8)。2010年,人均GDP上升100%,已婚率平均下降1.5%(95%CI:0.1~2.9),生育率平均下降6.7/1 000人(95%CI:3.2~10.1)。结论 2000年和2010年存在女性青少年早婚早育地区层面的社会经济不平等性,生活在经济发展水平较低的女性青少年更容易早婚早育;减少收入不公平、增加对贫困地区的教育投资可能是改善早婚早育地区不平等的有效措施。     

Initial treatment of the early stages (I, II) of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma: partial laryngectomy versus radiotherapy

The purpose of this study was to define the treatment of choice (partial laryngectomy vs radiotherapy) in the early stage of supraglottic squamous cell cancer (ESSC). One hundred and fifteen patients with ESSC were treated with either partial laryngectomy (25 patients) or with radiotherapy(90 patients) between January 1984 and December 1996. All patients had a follow-up of over ¶29 months. Radiotherapy (RT) had a local control rate of 79%, which increased to 90% with salvage surgery, and a high larynx preservation rate (83%). Partial laryngectomy (PL) offered a better initial local control rate of 84%, which increased to 88% with salvage surgery, and functional results were also good (80%). No statistically significant differences were found between RT and PL. RT was less costly, showed better suitability for treatment, produced moderate morbidity and sequelae, and local recurrence was easier to rescue. However, it is a once-only application technique. PL showed higher immediate postoperative morbidity, higher cost and lower suitability for treatment but had fewer sequelae, offered the best initial local control and is multi-applicable. No clear oncological arguments were found in our series to define whether PL or RT is the treatment of choice for ESSC. Both are effective therapies. Secondary factors such as suitability for treatment, morbidity, cost and applicability should be individually evaluated when choosing the type of treatment. As the laser endoscopic approach decreases morbidity and costs and makes the condition more suitable for treatment, it could be the treatment of choice for ESSC, in cases where local tumoral extent and larynx exposure allow radical excision.     

Assessment of retinol-binding protein excretion in normal children

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a low molecular weight protein freely filtered at the glomerulus. The fractional tubular reabsorption of RBP is 99.97% and increased excretion is therefore a sensitive marker of tubular dysfunction. We obtained early-morning urine specimens from 151 well children, from newborn to 16 years of age. RBP was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, albumin by a radioimmunoassay and creatinine by a modified Jaffé reaction. Protein excretion was assessed by calculating the protein: creatinine ratio for early-morning urine samples. We found a fall in both RBP and albumin excretion with increasing age, particularly in the 1st year of life, with a much wider variation in values from the infants studied. The mean excretion of RBP for children aged 0–6 months [51.4 (0.6–4,719) g/mmol] was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the mean for children aged 6 months to 16-years [15.0 (3.8–60) g/mmol]. It has been shown that measurement of tubular proteinuria using the RBP: creatinine ratio is useful in the assessment of children with renal disease and we propose a value two standard deviations above the geometric mean for the age of the patient as an upper limit of normal.     

An experimental model of the production of early after depolarizations by injury current from an ischemic region

An ischemic myocardial region contains cells with a depolarized resting membrane potential. This depolarization leads to an intercellular current flow between the ischemic region and the surrounding normal myocardial cells which has been termed an injury current. We have devised an experimental model system in which an isolated guinea pig ventricular cell is electrically coupled to a model depolarized cell in order to evaluate the effects of this injury current on the electrical properties of a normal ventricular cell exposed to drugs which increase calcium current or decrease potassium current. Using low doses of isoproterenol, forskolin, or Bay K 8644 (or 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the pipette) we found that the action potential duration of the isolated cell was lengthened, but that early after depolarizations (EADs) were not produced unless the cell was also coupled to a depolarized cell model representing an adjacent ischemic region. A similar prolongation of the action potential was produced by low doses of quinidine, but EADs were not produced unless coupling to a depolarized cell model was added. EADs could not be produced in any cells in the absence of the drugs even though the coupling to the depolarized cell model was increased up to the level at which the action potential was indefinitely prolonged. At higher isoproterenol concentrations, EADs or spontaneous activity were produced without coupling to the depolarized cell model. Under these conditions, coupling of the cell to a cell model with normal resting membrane potential stopped the spontaneous activity and prevented the occurrence of EADs even with high levels of resistive coupling. These findings suggest that the electrotonic influences of a localized depolarized region can produce EADs if the calcium current magnitude is increased, which would be the case for sympathetic innervation.     

云南省大学生心理健康及相关因素分析

目的：了解影响大学生心理健康相关因素。方法：以SCL-90和社会调查表,对云南10所高校不同专业的4309名大学生进行调查,并作方差和逐步回归分析。结果：云南大学生心理健康总体水平低于全国青年常模,但优于上海、山西大学生。主要的心理问题是强迫、人际、偏执、敌意、抑郁（检出率4.04％－5．34％）。影响其心理健康的社会因素依次为生活事件、专业态度、大学生活度过方式、学习目的和家庭人均收入。结论：对大学生精神疾患应提供一级预防和心理卫生服务。