早期胃癌的双对比造影诊断

目的 :研究早期胃癌双对比造影 ( DC) X线特征 ,以提高准确检出率。　方法 :分析 42例早期胃癌 (包括始发阶段小胃癌及微小胃癌 )患者 DC像与手术切除后标本病理进行对照比较。　结果 :龛影口部和表面结节状改变 ,周围无一定规律的粘膜纠集 ,胃壁毛糙、僵直、凹陷、双边、边缘毛刺征 ,微皱襞的破坏和粗糙、充盈缺损是早期胃癌的重要特征。　结论 :早期胃癌 DC特征典型 ,结合粘膜法、充盈法和压迫法与胃镜密切配合可有效地提高准确的检出率     

1990—2010年中国女性早婚和生育的地区不平等性

目的 分析1990—2010年中国15~19岁女性青少年结婚和生育的地区不平等性。方法 利用1990—2010年三次全国人口普查汇总数据,计算中国15~19岁女性青少年的已婚率和生育率。将各省份人均国内生产总值(gross domestic product,GDP)作为社会经济发展水平指标,计算女性青少年已婚率和生育率的不平等绝对指数(slope index of inequality,SII)和集中指数(concentration index,CI),并建立线性回归模型衡量已婚率和生育率与人均GDP的关联。结果 1990—2000年,全国15~19岁女性的已婚率从4.7%下降至1.2%,但在2010年反弹至2.1%。生育率从1990年的22.0/1 000人下降至2000年的6.0/1 000人,2010年进一步下降为5.9/1 000人。1990年,15~19岁女性青少年已婚率和生育率地区层面的社会经济不平等性不具有统计学意义(SII和CI均P>0.05)。SII分析显示,2000和2010年,人均GDP最低人群的已婚率比最高人群分别高2.4%(95%CI:0.4~4.4)和2.3%(95%CI:0.3~4.2)。与此同时, 2000年和2010年人均GDP最低人群的生育率比最高人群分别高12.9/1 000人(95%CI:5.4~20.5)和9.3/1 000人(95%CI:4.6~14.0)。已婚的CI值在2000年和2010年分别为-0.32(P=0.02)和-0.17(P=0.03), 生育的CI值在2000年和2010年分别为-0.37(P<0.01)和-0.26(P<0.01)。2000年,人均GDP上升100%,已婚率平均下降1.4%(95%CI:0.1~2.7),生育率平均下降7.9/1 000人(95%CI:2.9~12.8)。2010年,人均GDP上升100%,已婚率平均下降1.5%(95%CI:0.1~2.9),生育率平均下降6.7/1 000人(95%CI:3.2~10.1)。结论 2000年和2010年存在女性青少年早婚早育地区层面的社会经济不平等性,生活在经济发展水平较低的女性青少年更容易早婚早育;减少收入不公平、增加对贫困地区的教育投资可能是改善早婚早育地区不平等的有效措施。     

Initial treatment of the early stages (I, II) of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma: partial laryngectomy versus radiotherapy

The purpose of this study was to define the treatment of choice (partial laryngectomy vs radiotherapy) in the early stage of supraglottic squamous cell cancer (ESSC). One hundred and fifteen patients with ESSC were treated with either partial laryngectomy (25 patients) or with radiotherapy(90 patients) between January 1984 and December 1996. All patients had a follow-up of over ¶29 months. Radiotherapy (RT) had a local control rate of 79%, which increased to 90% with salvage surgery, and a high larynx preservation rate (83%). Partial laryngectomy (PL) offered a better initial local control rate of 84%, which increased to 88% with salvage surgery, and functional results were also good (80%). No statistically significant differences were found between RT and PL. RT was less costly, showed better suitability for treatment, produced moderate morbidity and sequelae, and local recurrence was easier to rescue. However, it is a once-only application technique. PL showed higher immediate postoperative morbidity, higher cost and lower suitability for treatment but had fewer sequelae, offered the best initial local control and is multi-applicable. No clear oncological arguments were found in our series to define whether PL or RT is the treatment of choice for ESSC. Both are effective therapies. Secondary factors such as suitability for treatment, morbidity, cost and applicability should be individually evaluated when choosing the type of treatment. As the laser endoscopic approach decreases morbidity and costs and makes the condition more suitable for treatment, it could be the treatment of choice for ESSC, in cases where local tumoral extent and larynx exposure allow radical excision.     

电生理学检查对慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病的早期诊断价值

目的：通过对慢性酒精中毒患者做电生理学检查,以及早发现无自觉症状期的周围神经损害;方法：对６４例慢性酒精中毒患者行常规肌电图检查与神经传导速度测定;结果：发现在慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病无临床自觉症状时,肌电图与神经传导速度均可出现异常改变;结论：提示肌电图与神经传导速度可作为早期诊断慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病的有效诊断方法。     

Assessment of retinol-binding protein excretion in normal children

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a low molecular weight protein freely filtered at the glomerulus. The fractional tubular reabsorption of RBP is 99.97% and increased excretion is therefore a sensitive marker of tubular dysfunction. We obtained early-morning urine specimens from 151 well children, from newborn to 16 years of age. RBP was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, albumin by a radioimmunoassay and creatinine by a modified Jaffé reaction. Protein excretion was assessed by calculating the protein: creatinine ratio for early-morning urine samples. We found a fall in both RBP and albumin excretion with increasing age, particularly in the 1st year of life, with a much wider variation in values from the infants studied. The mean excretion of RBP for children aged 0–6 months [51.4 (0.6–4,719) g/mmol] was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the mean for children aged 6 months to 16-years [15.0 (3.8–60) g/mmol]. It has been shown that measurement of tubular proteinuria using the RBP: creatinine ratio is useful in the assessment of children with renal disease and we propose a value two standard deviations above the geometric mean for the age of the patient as an upper limit of normal.     

An experimental model of the production of early after depolarizations by injury current from an ischemic region

An ischemic myocardial region contains cells with a depolarized resting membrane potential. This depolarization leads to an intercellular current flow between the ischemic region and the surrounding normal myocardial cells which has been termed an injury current. We have devised an experimental model system in which an isolated guinea pig ventricular cell is electrically coupled to a model depolarized cell in order to evaluate the effects of this injury current on the electrical properties of a normal ventricular cell exposed to drugs which increase calcium current or decrease potassium current. Using low doses of isoproterenol, forskolin, or Bay K 8644 (or 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the pipette) we found that the action potential duration of the isolated cell was lengthened, but that early after depolarizations (EADs) were not produced unless the cell was also coupled to a depolarized cell model representing an adjacent ischemic region. A similar prolongation of the action potential was produced by low doses of quinidine, but EADs were not produced unless coupling to a depolarized cell model was added. EADs could not be produced in any cells in the absence of the drugs even though the coupling to the depolarized cell model was increased up to the level at which the action potential was indefinitely prolonged. At higher isoproterenol concentrations, EADs or spontaneous activity were produced without coupling to the depolarized cell model. Under these conditions, coupling of the cell to a cell model with normal resting membrane potential stopped the spontaneous activity and prevented the occurrence of EADs even with high levels of resistive coupling. These findings suggest that the electrotonic influences of a localized depolarized region can produce EADs if the calcium current magnitude is increased, which would be the case for sympathetic innervation.     

锰中毒诊断和治疗研究进展

概括了近１０ 年国内外锰中毒诊断和治疗的研究进展。内容包括神经行为学、神经生化学、神经电生理学、免疫、内分泌指标和医学影像学技术在锰中毒诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用, 及目前用于临床锰中毒治疗的新药和新方法。     

早期胃癌的常规钡餐检查方法及征象分析

目的：通过各种常规钡餐方法的比较及早期胃癌（ＥＧＣ）的征象分析,提高常规钡餐造影对早期胃癌的检出率,方法：对４４例手术及病理证实的早期胃癌进行回顾性研究,重点对溃疡进行研究,并与３２例胃镜或手术病例证实的良性溃疡对照,结果：ＥＣＧ病例中Ｘ线发现异常的总阳性率９５．５％,采用双对比像,粘膜像,充盈像,压迫像的阳性率分别为９０．９％,８１．８％,５４．５％,５６．８％,对病变及周围粘膜均能清晰显示并能     

云南省大学生心理健康及相关因素分析

目的：了解影响大学生心理健康相关因素。方法：以SCL-90和社会调查表,对云南10所高校不同专业的4309名大学生进行调查,并作方差和逐步回归分析。结果：云南大学生心理健康总体水平低于全国青年常模,但优于上海、山西大学生。主要的心理问题是强迫、人际、偏执、敌意、抑郁（检出率4.04％－5．34％）。影响其心理健康的社会因素依次为生活事件、专业态度、大学生活度过方式、学习目的和家庭人均收入。结论：对大学生精神疾患应提供一级预防和心理卫生服务。     

2%Lugol液染色诊断早期食管癌的临床研究

目的　探讨2％Lugol液染色对早期食管癌的诊断价值。方法对在内镜检查中发现的58例可疑食管粘膜病灶进行经内镜2％Lugol液染色。结果58例可疑食管粘膜病灶经染色后活检证实为早期食管癌37例,其中鳞癌31例,腺癌6例;内镜下诊断为粘膜癌13例,粘膜下层癌24例;手术后病理证实为粘膜癌20例,粘膜下层癌17例,内镜与手术后病理检查符合率为75．68％。同时对5例早期食管癌行内镜下治疗。结论经内镜Lugol液染色对早期食管癌诊断具有一定的价值。