Risk Factors for Dysphagia after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with the Zero‐P implant system: A Study with Minimum of 2 Years Follow‐up

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with the Zero‐P Implant System by multidimensional analysis and investigated the predictive values of these risk factors for dysphagia.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 260 patients who underwent ACDF with the Zero‐P Implant System and had at least 2 year of follow‐up were performed. All patients were divided into a non‐dysphagia group and a dysphagia group. Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), intraoperative time, estimated blood loss, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, prevertebral soft‐tissue thickness, the levels of surgery, O‐C₂ angle, C_2–7 angle, T₁ slope and segmental angle were analyzed. The Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system was used to determine functional status. NDI was used to evaluate neck pain and disability. The Bazaz grading system was chosen to evaluate dysphagia after surgery. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, infection, and dysphagia were recorded in both groups. An independent t‐test was used to compare quantitative variables, a chi‐square test was used to compare qualitative data between the two groups. To eliminate the influence of confounding factors, logistic regression was performed for multifactor regression of factors. The results were regarded as significant when the P‐values were less than 0.05 in this study.ResultsIn total, the non‐dysphagia group comprised 70 patients and the dysphagia group comprised 190 patients, with an average age of 58.33 ± 4.68 years (ranging, 42–82 years). These patients were followed up for 28.5 ± 3.5 months (range, 24–32 months). For clinical outcomes, both groups demonstrated significant improvement in the NDI and JOA scores (P < 0.001). According to the Bazaz dysphagia grading system, mild, moderate, and severe dysphagia were found in 50, 17, and 3 patients, respectively. In total, 37.1% (n = 26) had resolved by 3 month, 38.6% (n = 27) by 6 months, and 17.1% (n = 12) by 12 months. Chi‐square test results indicated that number of operated levels, operation time dT1 slope, dO‐C₂ angle, dC_2–7 angle, segmental angle and dPSTT were associated with a high incidence of dysphagia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that number of operated levels, operation time, dC_2–7 angle and dPSTT were significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia.ConclusionsMore operated levels, more operation time, more dC_2–7 angle and dPSTT were the risk factors for postoperative dysphagia. In additional, sufficient preoperative preparation, evaluation combined with proficient and precise surgical treatment were suggested to reduce the incidence of postoperative dysphagia when ACDF was performed.     

表面肌电生物反馈疗法结合吞咽训练治疗脑卒中患者吞咽障碍的疗效

目的:观察表面肌电生物反馈治疗结合吞咽训练治疗脑卒中患者吞咽障碍的效果.方法:选择2018年2月至2019年12月在广州市第一人民医院康复医学科和神经科接受治疗的65例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者,根据患者意愿分为吞咽训练组33例和肌电生物反馈组32例.吞咽训练组采用吞咽训练,肌电生物反馈组在吞咽训练的基础上采用表面肌电生物反...     

针刺对于脑梗死恢复期头痛及吞咽障碍的干预及治疗作用

脑梗死具有高死亡率、高残障率和高复发率的特点,且发病有年轻化趋势。脑梗死恢复期头痛及吞咽障碍对患者的日常生活能力造成严重影响,导致患者的生命质量下降,给人们经济带来沉重的负担。现通过检索各大中英文数据库,对筛选出的临床试验文献进行深入剖析,并针对目前针刺治疗存在的问题提出发展性的建议,为今后针刺治疗脑梗死恢复期的临床诊疗方法以及作用机制研究提供科学依据和崭新思路。     

BTX-A注射唾液腺改善脑卒中流涎症的临床研究

目的 观察BTX-A注射唾液腺改善脑卒中流涎症的临床疗效和安全性。方法 收集福建中医药大学附属康复医院住院的30例脑卒中后流涎的患者,按照随机数字表法随机分为治疗组15例和对照组15例。两组均给予常规吞咽康复训练12周,治疗组在常规吞咽康复训练基础上予超声引导下100U BTX-A双侧腮腺和颌下腺分别注射35U及15U。采用流涎频率评分、教师流涎分级法(TDS)、Frenchay构音障碍评定法中关于流涎的分级标准于BTX-A治疗前、治疗12周后评估各组患者的流涎程度。结果 BTX-A注射唾液腺12周后,治疗组的流涎频率评分总有效率明显高于对照组的(P＜0.05);治疗组TDS评分总有效率明显高于对照组的(P＜0.05);治疗组Frenchay流涎评分总有效率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 常规吞咽训练配合BTX-A注射唾液腺明显改善脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的流涎症状,是一种安全有效的治疗方法及副作用少,对改善患者形象及生活自信建立帮助巨大,值得临床上推广及应用。     

针刺配合康复训练改善脑卒中后吞咽障碍临床观察

目的观察项针加康复训练对改善脑卒中患者吞咽障碍的治疗效果。方法将符合入选标准的60例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者采用随机对照法,分为两组,每组30例,对照组进行常规康复训练,治疗组在常规康复训练基础上进行项针治疗。结果两组患者治疗后,洼田氏饮水试验疗效比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,说明治疗组疗效优于对照组。结论项针配合康复训练能改善脑卒中患者的吞咽功能,提高患者的生存质量,其效果优于单纯康复训练。     

神经肌肉电刺激结合功能训练改善脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床疗效观察

目的观察神经肌肉电刺激结合功能训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床疗效。方法将60例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者随机分为神经肌肉电刺激治疗组（电刺激组）20例、冰刺激治疗组（冰刺激组）20例和单纯药物治疗组（药物组）20例，3组患者均接受常规药物治疗和肢体功能运动训练，电刺激组患者同时应用VitalStim电刺激仪给予神经肌肉电刺激治疗并进行口一颜面肌功能训练，冰刺激组同时用冰棉签刺激其咽部并进行口一颜面肌功能训练。采用标准吞咽功能评估（SSA）和血氧饱和度（SaO2）测定评定患者治疗前、后的吞咽情况。结果3组患者治疗前的SSA评分和SaO2降低值比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；治疗后，电刺激组和冰刺激组SSA评分和SaO2降低值均较治疗前明显下降，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），且电刺激组SSA评分和SaO2降低值均较冰刺激组下降更为明显，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论神经肌肉电刺激或冰刺激结合功能训练均可改善脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能，且神经肌肉电刺激治疗的临床效果优于冰刺激。     

序贯式肠内营养在脑梗死伴吞咽障碍老年患者中的应用

目的:探讨序贯式肠内营养在脑梗死伴吞咽障碍老年患者中的应用效果。方法:采用随机抽样法选取在某三级甲等医院卒中单元住院的脑梗死老年患者95例,随机分为观察组48例和对照组47例。观察组先采用短肽型肠内营养制剂,并逐步过渡到整蛋白型肠内营养剂;对照组在整个研究过程中一直使用整蛋白型肠内营养剂。比较两组肠内营养并发症发生情况,于入院第2、14天比较两组神经功能指标恢复情况[采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)]及吞咽功能分级(采用洼田饮水试验)。结果:观察组肠道感染、肺部感染、尿道感染、胃出血等并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);入院第14天,观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组(P<0.05),吞咽功能分级优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:序贯式肠内营养支持能够降低脑梗死老年患者肠内营养并发症发生率,促进神经功能和吞咽功能恢复,值得临床推广应用。     

针刺结合神经肌肉电刺激对脑卒中后咽期吞咽障碍的影响

目的:观察针刺结合神经肌肉电刺激对脑卒中后咽期吞咽障碍患者康复的影响。方法:按随机数字表法将40例脑卒中患者分为2组各20例,对照组给予常规药物治疗、吞咽功能训练和神经肌肉电刺激,观察组在对照组的基础上给予针刺治疗。治疗前后采用表面肌电分析(记录sEMG最大波幅)、透视吞咽功能检查(VFSS)对患者吞咽功能进行评价。结果:治疗20d后,2组患者的sEMG最大波幅、VFSS总评分及咽期VFSS评分明显高于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组更高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:针刺结合神经肌肉电刺激能明显提高脑卒中后咽期吞咽障碍患者的康复效果。     

表面麻醉对球囊扩张治疗鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽障碍疗效的影响

目的探讨表面麻醉对球囊主动扩张治疗鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽障碍疗效的影响。 方法选取54例鼻咽癌放射治疗后出现吞咽障碍的患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为表面麻醉组（表麻组）和无麻醉组（无麻组）,表麻组患者进行球囊主动扩张前给予表面麻醉,无麻组患者进行球囊主动扩张前不给予表面麻醉;2组患者均同时辅以低频电刺激,持续治疗3周。于治疗前、后进行X线吞咽造影及吞咽自觉费力程度评定。 结果治疗后2组患者咽启动延迟时间明显缩短、环咽肌开放程度明显增加（P<0.05）,喉部前移和上抬幅度亦显著改善（P<0.05）,自觉费力吞咽评分和无效吞咽次数均明显减少（P<0.05）,并且无麻组上述指标改善情况均显著优于表麻组（P<0.05）;另外治疗后无麻组患者误吸率（3.6%）较治疗前（57.1%）及对照组水平（38.5%）均显著降低（P<0.05）,经口进食改善率(89.3%)较表麻组(61.5%)明显提高（P<0.05）。 结论球囊主动扩张配合低频电刺激治疗鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽障碍具有协同作用,有利于提高患者吞咽功能,且治疗时不采用表面麻醉的疗效优于使用表面麻醉。     

Subjective dysphagia in older care home residents: A cross-sectional,multi-centre point prevalence measurement

Background

Dysphagia has been found to be strongly associated with aspiration pneumonia in frail older people. Aspiration pneumonia is causing high hospitalization rates, morbidity, and often death. Better insight in the prevalence of (subjective) dysphagia in frail older people may improve its early recognition and treatment.

Objective

First, to assess the prevalence of subjective dysphagia in care home residents in the Netherlands. Second, to assess the associations of subjective dysphagia with potential risk factors of dysphagia.

Design

Retrospective data-analysis of a cross-sectional, multi-centre point prevalence measurement.

Setting

119 care homes in the Netherlands.

Participants

Data of 8119 care home residents aged 65 years or older were included and analyzed.

Methods

Subjective dysphagia was assessed by a resident's response to a dichotomous question with regard to experiencing swallowing problems. If a resident was not able to respond (e.g. residents with dementia or aphasia), the question was answered by the ward care provider, or the resident's file was consulted for registered swallowing complaints and/or dysphagia. Several residents’ data were collected: gender, age, (number of) diseases, the presence of malnutrition, the Care Dependency Scale score, and the body mass index.

Results

Subjective dysphagia was found in 751 (9%) residents. A final model for subjective dysphagia after multivariate backward stepwise regression analysis revealed eight significant variables: age (B −0.022), Care Dependency Scale score (B −0.985), ‘malnutrition’ (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.31–1.90), ‘comorbidity’ (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01–1.14), and the disease clusters ‘dementia’ (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.45–0.66), ‘nervous system disorder’ (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.20–1.99), ‘cardiovascular disease’ (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.67–0.99) and ‘cerebrovascular disease/hemiparesis’ (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.45–2.10).

Conclusion

It seems justified to conclude that subjective dysphagia is a relevant care problem in older care home residents in the Netherlands. Care Dependency Scale score, ‘malnutrition’, and the disease clusters ‘dementia’, ‘nervous system disorder’, and ‘cerebrovascular disease/hemiparesis’ were associated with the presence of subjective dysphagia in this study. Age, ‘comorbidity’ and ‘cardiovascular disease’ showed very small influence.