2006—2017年贵州省肺结核流行特征分析

目的 分析2006—2017年贵州省肺结核流行特征,为全省肺结核防控提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病方法分析2006—2017年贵州省肺结核报告发病率,用动态数列法分析9个市/州不同阶段的变化。结果 2006—2017年全省肺结核总发病617 115例,平均发病率为142.15/10万,总体呈下降趋势（χ2趋势= 932.07,P＜0.01）;遵义、铜仁、安顺市,黔南州平均发病率高于全省平均水平,2010年后黔南、黔东南州,六盘水市平均增长速度均＞0;≥61岁人群、农民发病率最高,分别为:270/10万、102.55/10万;男性发病率均高于女性(男:198.00/10万,女:108.34/10万);流动人口肺结核患者构成比在20.3%～24.6%之间,总体呈增长趋势（χ2趋势= 131.47,P＜0.01）;PTB/HIV共感染率在0.11%～0.36%之间。结论 贵州省肺结核发病率仍处较高水平,男性、≥61岁、农民、流动人口为重点人群,建议加强宣传教育,建立有效流动人口管理模式,尤其发病率较高、呈上升趋势区域,完善肺结核中HIV高危人群筛查制度。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定稳定性的生物力学测试

目的：胸腰椎骨折采用椎弓根螺钉内固定，其疗效与螺钉固定的长度，螺钉的植入方向以及骨密度大小诸因素相关，为此进行生物力学分析，为临床手术提供依据，方法：采用6具成人新鲜脊柱标本，应用实验应力分析手段进行测试。结果：长螺钉的应变比短螺钉应变在压缩，前屈，后伸，侧屈分别小16％，41％，56％，41％，其强度分别提高16％，41％，55％，41％，其脊柱位移分别小18％，25％，32％，30％，轴向刚度分别提高18％，25％，32％，30％（P均＜0．05），骨密度对拔出力的影响，正常组与骨质疏松组相差67％，相应的相对位移，应变，能量两组平均相差均在16％以上（P＜0．05），结论：手术中应注意弓椎根螺钉固定相关因素，这对提高手术质量，减少并发症起着重要作用。     

椎弓根螺钉在骨矿量下降椎体中应用的生物力学研究

目的通过对5种不同型号椎弓根螺钉(U1、U2、SF1、SF2、RF)在脊柱标本中内固定稳定性的生物力学测试,探讨螺钉设计参数、拧紧力矩同骨密度之间的关系,为临床骨质疏松患者应用椎弓根螺钉提供理论依据。方法采集腰椎标本6具,按骨密度ρ分正常组(ρ>1.00g/cm2)、骨矿量下降组(0.90g/cm2<ρ<1.00g/cm2)和骨质疏松组(ρ<0.90g/cm2),应用WD鄄10A万能实验机,测定不同骨密度下螺钉设计参数、拧紧力矩等对椎弓根螺钉内固定稳定性的影响。结果5种不同型号椎弓根螺钉(U1、U2、SF1、SF2、RF)固定的脊柱标本,其拔出力之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。骨密度的大小直接影响螺钉内固定的强度(以拔出力的大小衡量),正常组、骨矿量下降组与骨质疏松组之间存在着显著性差异(P<0.05)。椎弓根螺钉内固定的强度与拧紧力矩大小存在正相关关系,与骨密度也存在正相关(r=0.936)。在骨矿量相对下降的标本中,5种螺钉中U2的拔出力最大。结论螺钉的类型、被固定标本的骨密度同固定的稳定性密切相关。骨密度与最大拔出力、拧紧力矩具有正相关性.“U”型钉在对骨矿量下降标本的固定中具有一定优势。     

骨圈对椎弓根钉系统负载影响的三维有限元分析

目的：探讨单枚人体皮质骨圈(allograft fusion cage，AFC)斜植融合术中椎弓根钉系统受力分布，并对临床常见断钉原理进行分析，为临床应用提供理论依据。方法：采用二三维有限元方法(finite element method，FEM)，对放置及不放置AFC的脊柱Steffee钢板固定效果进行评估。结果：未放置AFC时Steffee钢板所受最大应力约为放置AFC状态下的4．8倍；椎弓根钉与螺帽交界处所受应力为最大，尤其上位螺钉与靠近椎体侧螺帽交界处是应力值最大点，未放置AFC时椎弓根钉最大应力点约为放置AFC状态下的5．0倍。结论：螺钉与钢板交界区是容易发生断钉的区域，尤其上位螺钉与靠近椎体侧螺帽交界处是最易断钉的部位；椎弓根钉系统放置AFC会明显增强融合节段稳定性，减少断钉等并发症。     

3D打印导板辅助上颈椎椎弓根置钉与徒手置钉的比较

目的 比较个体化3D打印导板辅助上颈椎椎弓根置钉与徒手置钉的精准性。方法 选择2019年6月至2022年6月在蚌埠医学院第二附属医院就诊的上颈椎疾患患者20例,获取每位患者颈椎三维CT数据,根据置钉方式不同分为导板组和对照组,分别制作20例等比例3D打印上颈椎模型,导板组使用3D打印导板辅助上颈椎模型椎弓根螺钉置入,对照组在透视辅助下徒手置钉。根据椎体是否存在骨折,将导板组内20例模型分为钉道损伤组10例（寰椎骨折与枢椎骨折病例）和钉道完整组10例（畸形与关节脱位病例）。比较导板组和对照组螺钉可接受率、单枚螺钉置入时间差异;比较导板组术前理想钉道与术后实际钉道内倾角差异,对比钉道损伤组和钉道完整组置钉结果差异。结果 导板组螺钉可接受率为93.55%,高于对照组的79.03%(P<0.05);导板组单枚螺钉置入时间短于对照组（P<0.05）;导板组术前理想螺钉内倾角与术后实际螺钉内倾角之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;钉道损伤组螺钉突破椎弓根率26.7%高于钉道完整组3.1%(P<0.05)。结论 个体化3D打印导板辅助上颈椎椎弓根置钉在置钉精准度、安全性和置...     

Natural frequency/damping coefficient relationship of the catheter-manometer system required for high-fidelity measurement of the pulmonary arterial pressure

Using a digital simulation method, we analyzed the relationship between natural frequency (f _n ) and damping coefficient () of the catheter-manometer system required for high-fidelity measurement of the pulmonary arterial pressure. The pulmonary artery pressure waveform was obtained with a catheter-tip transducer and it was fed into a dynamic simulator programmed on a computer. The original waveform and the output of the simulator were compared and judged visually for the fidelity. From this analysis, the combination of f _n and was obtained and was plotted on a f _n – diagram. It showed as an area, which was convex on the left side and open on the right side. The left-convex endpoint was located at a damping coefficient of about 0.7. At a lower heart rate, this area was extended to the lower frequency side, while, at a higher heart rate, this area was limited to the higher frequency side. The f _n – diagram was also constructed theoretically by calculating the relations between natural frequencies and damping coefficients of a second order system with the amplitude and phase error tolerance set at +/–5% respectively.(Kinefuchi Y, Suzuki T, Takiguchi M, et al.: Natural frequency/Damping coefficient relationship of the catheter-manometer system required for high-fidelity measurement of the pulmonary arterial pressure. J Anesth 7: 419--426, 1993)     

Effect of ethanol on dynamic visual acuity during vertical body oscillation in healthy volunteers

Visual orientation is the most important sensory input during locomotion (e.g. walking, driving a car, riding a bicycle). We investigated dynamic visual acuity (DVA) during vertical body-oscillations (amplitude 5 cm; frequency 1.5 Hz) in 12 healthy subjects before and twice after ethanol consumption. During oscillation, vertical eye movements were recorded under two test conditions: with eyes closed (EC) and during DVA testing. A significant increase in vertical eye-amplitude after ethanol ingestion occurred only during EC tests, as a possible sign of vestibular hyperreaction. During vestibular stimulation alone (EC), ethanol did not affect the phase shift between stimulus and eye movements. However, when the subjects were given an additional visual stimulus (DVA), the post-alcohol phase shift rose significantly. Surprisingly, the post-alcohol phase shift values for the two test conditions showed no significant differences. After ethanol ingestion we found no changes in static visual acuity but a significant loss of DVA. Volunteers with a change of DVA threshold (DVAT) showed significantly (P = 0.004) higher post-alcoholic changes in the phase shift. In summary, low doses of ethanol disturbed the visually guided oculomotor response during fixation of an earth-fixed target while the observer was subject to linear vertical acceleration. This effect led to an increasing delay between the beginning of body and eye movements. The consequence was an increasing phase shift and thus a decrease in DVA during whole-body oscillation which was comparable to movements during human locomotion. Received: 8 March 2000 / Accepted: 18 April 2000     

折断式加压螺纹钉加带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

采用切开复位折断式加压螺纹钉内固定＋带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮上股骨颈骨折,减少骨折不愈合及股骨头缺血坏死的发生率。方法：在解剖复位的基础上对青壮年股骨颈骨折采用２－３根折灾民工加压螺纹钉内固定,同期植入带旋髂深血管蒂的髂骨瓣,术后遵循早锻炼,晚负重的康复的原则。     

高效毛细管电泳分离测定头孢克罗血浆浓度

采用乙腈直接沉淀血浆蛋白,以头孢拉定为内标,建立了适合人血浆中头孢克罗分离测定的高效毛细管电泳方法。在48cm×50μm未涂层石英毛细管柱上,选择50mmol／L磷酸二氢钠-12．5mmol／L硼砂(pH8．08)为运行缓冲液,操作电压20kV(＋)→(－),压力进样12psi×s,柱上紫外265nm检测,头孢克罗和内标头孢拉定在6．5min内获得了理想的分离,内源性物质不干扰高效毛细管电泳定量分析。血药浓度在0．25～25．0μg／ml范围内线性关系良好(r＝0．9993,n＝5),绝对回收率大于90．5％,日内及日间精密度均小于9．5％,并成功地应用于健康志愿者单剂量口服头孢克罗普通胶囊后血药浓度的动态分析。     

椎弓根定位方法与置钉技术探要

目的 通过Ｘ线平片分析关节突、横突及椎弓根间的相互关系,探讨上关节突作定位标志的临床价值。方法 常规Ｘ线正位片,测量Ｌ１～Ｌ５横突中轴线ＴＡ、两侧上关节突下缘连线ＡＡ与椎弓根中心点连线ＰＣ间的距离,〈１ｍｍ视为重叠。用ＡＡ组与上关节突外缘垂线的交点为进钉点,临床手术３０例。结果 ２１２例Ｘ线片共１０６０个腰椎,ＴＡ、ＡＡ与ＰＣ的重叠率分别为９２．３％和９０．２％（Ｐ〉０．０５）。男女两组间ＴＡ（Ｐ