超声测量膀胱内前列腺突入程度在判断良性前列腺梗阻中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声测量膀胱内前列腺突入程度(IPP)在判断良性前列腺梗阻(BPO)中的临床应用价值. 方法 良性前列腺增生患者109例,经尿动力学检查诊断无前列腺梗阻25例、可疑梗阻15例、梗阻69例.采用经腹超声测量IPP,比较3组患者的IPP变化,统计学比较分析IPP与尿动力学检测指标的相关性. 结果无梗阻组、可疑梗阻组及梗阻组患者的IPP分别为(2.7±1.2)、(2.9±1.4)和(15.4±6.5)mm,无梗阻、可疑梗阻组与梗阻组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).IPP与尿流开始时逼尿肌压、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压、尿流结束时逼尿肌压、最大尿流率及A-G数均相关,r分别为0.628、0.714、0.591、-0.450及0.729(P<0.01).以IPP≥10 mm为BPO判断标准,其敏感性为89.9%、特异性为97.5%、阳性预测值为98.4%、阴性预测值为84.8%,约登指数为0.87. 结论 经腹超声测量IPP操作简便、无痛苦,判断BPO准确,可作为尿动力学诊断BPO的补充方法.     

十二指肠间质瘤X线与CT影像诊断对照分析

目的对照分析十二指肠问质瘤x线钡餐造影与CT检查的影像表现,以提高对十二指肠问质瘤的诊断水平。方法回顾11例十二指肠间质瘤患者临床资料、X线造影及cT影像表现,并经病理及免疫组织化学法证实。结果l1例患者中7例位于十二指肠降部（63．6％）,3例位于十二指肠水平部（27．3％）．1例位于十二指肠球部（9．1％）。X线钡餐造影表现1l例患者中十二指肠不同程度狭窄9例;局部充盈缺损或龛影、黏膜变平或破坏、消失11例;2例形成窦道样改变。cT表现,平扫：11例患者中有7例表现为均匀软组织密度,4例表现为不均匀软组织密度,其内可见液化坏死;增强扫描：动脉期、静脉期病灶实性部分强化,静脉期强化明显,液化坏死部分无强化,6例与周同组织分界清晰,5例与周同组织分界不清。结论X线与cT检查都可以发现十二指肠间质瘤,二者互为补充,可提高十二指肠问质瘤判断正确率,为临床进一步诊治提供帮助。     

兔膀胱出口部分梗阻所致逼尿肌超微结构的改变

目的　观察兔膀胱出口部分梗阻后逼尿肌细胞超微结构的改变。　方法　建立雄性兔膀胱出口部分梗阻动物模型 ,利用透射电镜观察其逼尿肌细胞内超微结构 ,应用ImagineTool图像分析软件检测粗面内质网面积和线粒体密度。　结果　梗阻组逼尿肌细胞内单位面积平均 1 1 5 .2 8μm2 ,胞质中粗面内质网面积 (5 .377± 2 .31 8) μm2 ,较对照组的 (0 .476± 0 .31 9) μm2 明显扩大 ;线粒体相对密度为 1 .0 2 7± 0 .0 64 ,较对照组的 0 .830± 0 .0 58明显下降 ,P均 <0 .0 1。　结论　膀胱出口部分梗阻后逼尿肌细胞内质网扩张 ,提示其合成蛋白质功能增强 ,从而引起膀胱壁增厚 ;而线粒体水肿明显 ,密度下降 ,提示逼尿肌细胞能量代谢障碍 ,导致其收缩功能下降     

加味六磨汤治疗结直肠癌术后早期炎症性肠梗阻临床研究

目的:观察加味六磨汤治疗腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术后早期炎症性肠梗阻的临床疗效。方法:将74例腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术后早期炎症性肠梗阻患者,按随机数表法分成对照组和试验组。对照组37例,采用开塞露灌肠治疗;试验组37例,采用加味六磨汤灌肠治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、便秘积分、生存质量评分的变化情况及不良反应发生率,评价临床疗效。结果:和治疗前相比,治疗后、治疗后10 d两组患者中医证候积分、便秘积分均明显下降,生存质量评分均明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);和治疗后相比,治疗后10 d两组患者中医证候积分、便秘积分均明显下降,生存质量评分均明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后、治疗后10 d试验组中医证候积分、便秘积分均显著低于对照组,生存质量评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组不良反应发生率明显高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组临床有效率明显低于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:加味六磨汤治疗腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术后早期炎症性肠梗阻疗效确切,可显著改善患者便秘情况,提高临床疗效,降低不良反应的发生,提高生存质量。     

一氧化氮、内皮素在胆道梗阻病程中的变化及意义

目的 了解NO、ET1等在胆石性胆道梗阻病程演进过程中的作用及其临床意义。方法 对胆石性胆道梗阻患者,按黄疸发生时间、血内毒素检测结查、有无急性胆管炎分组比较NO、ET内毒素和肝功能变化关系。结果 梗阻性黄疸I、Ⅱ组NO与ET1呈负相关;Ⅲ组NO与ET1呈负相关。内毒素阳性组、有胆管炎组：NO ET1无相关关系。结论 ①胆道感染、内毒素等导致NO与ET1的协调关系紊乱、NO的正常保护机制受损,这在胆道梗阻所致肝功能衰竭、肝纤维化等发病机制中可能起了重要作用。②检测比较NO／ET的变化关系,可能作为了解肝细胞损害程度、肝储备功能的参考指标。     

Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) methods in the evaluation of calcular and non-calcular ureteric obstructive uropathy

PURPOSE: To prospectively assess ureteric obstructive uropathy using three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) methods when the etiology of ureteral obstruction was proved difficult to evaluate with two-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) and plain radiography. METHODS: The study had the local Ethics Committee approval. All patients gave informed consent. 318 patients: 219 men and 99 women (including 16 pregnant women) were selected within a 3-year period for 3D US based on clinical presentation, two dimensional ultrasound (2D US) results and preliminary plain radiography except for pregnant women. 3D US was performed on all patients. 301 patients had further excretory urogram before intervention decisions. RESULTS: The study showed a high accuracy of detection of different levels of ureteric calcular obstruction; 99.1% in men and 96.7% in women. 3D XI technology proved more efficient in stone count (88.9%) than sectional planes and rendering method altogether (55.6%). The success rate of identifying obstructive uropathy due to inflammatory variants showed a perfect diagnostic value of 100%. Similar percentages could be obtained in cases secondary to neoplastic infiltration or permeation of the ureters. Cases compared with excretory urography revealed close correlation with 3D US and superiority of the latter when renal function physiologically altered in some cases of calcular obstructive uropathy. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D US methods in case of obstructive uropathy have proved to be useful as an easy, mobile and non-invasive diagnostic tool, improving 2D US diagnostic utility.     

Bowel Habits after Gastric Bypass Versus the Duodenal Switch Operation

Background  One of the perceived disadvantages of the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch operation is diarrhea. The aim of this study was to compare the bowel habits of patients after duodenal switch operation or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods  A prospective comparative case series design was used. Forty-six patients who underwent duodenal switch (n = 28) or gastric bypass (n = 18) were asked to complete a daily diary for 14 days after losing least 50% of their excess body weight. Data were collected on number of bowel episodes, incontinence, urgency, stool consistency, and awakening from sleep to defecate. Background variables were recorded from the medical files. Results  The duodenal switch group was heavier (body mass index 53.5 vs 47.0 kg/m², p = 0.03) and older (47.5 vs 41.0 years, p = NS) than the gastric bypass group. Median time to 50% excess body weight loss was 22 months in the duodenal switch group compared to 10.0 months in the gastric bypass group (p = 0.001). Patients after duodenal switch surgery reported a median of 23.5 bowel episodes over the 14-day study period compared to 16.5 in the gastric bypass group (p = NS). There was no between-group differences in any of the other bowel parameters studied. Conclusions  Although duodenal switch is associated with more bowel episodes than gastric bypass, the difference is not statistically significant. Bowel habits are similar in patients who achieve 50% estimated body weight loss with duodenal switch surgery or gastric bypass.     

乏特壶腹部癌局部切除的评价

目的探讨乏特壶腹部癌局部切除的可行性.方法对1988年5月至1999年5月间收治的32例乏特壶腹部癌进行回顾性分析,其中14例行局部切除术,18例行胰十二指肠切除术.结果局部切除术与胰十二指肠切除术两组比较术后并发症发生率分别为7%和39%,P<0.05.平均住院日分别为(10.1±2.3)d和(23.1±5.7)d.术后1年生存率分别为86%(12/14)和89%(16/18),P>0.05;5年生存率分别为30%(3/10)和62%(8/13),P<0.05.结论乏特壶腹部癌局部切除手术创伤相对小、术后并发症显著减少,对于全身状况较差者以及早期肿瘤可用局部切除术.     

Combined endovascular and surgical recanalization after central venous catheter-related obstructions

Central venous occlusion in children is a challenging problem that can occur after a central venous catheter insertion. Long-term catheter-related complications include sepsis and venous thrombosis with consequent loss of central access. We describe 2 cases of children younger than 1 year who were dependent on a central venous catheter for total parenteral nutrition. They developed a chronic extensive obstruction of the right and left brachiocephalic veins with a superior vena cava syndrome. The patients' survival was dependent on the restoration of central venous access until the planned intestinal transplantation could be performed. Retrograde recanalization of the superior vena cava was successfully achieved using a pathway created under general anesthesia from the femoral vein to, respectively, the right thyroid vein and the right subclavian vein.     

Open vs laparoscopic repair of congenital duodenal obstructions: a concurrent series

Objective

The advantages of using laparoscopy for repair of congenital duodenal obstructions (CDO) are unclear because of scant data about complications and outcomes. Nitinol U-clips (Medtronic Surgical, Minneapolis, Minn) were developed to assist in the creation of vascular anastomoses in small vessels. Because of their ability to approximate tissue tightly with little tissue damage, we have begun to use these U-clips for laparoscopic repair of CDO. In this report, we investigate the impact of laparoscopic U-clip repair of CDO compared to the traditional open repair.

Methods

With institutional review board approval, a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing repair of CDO from January 2003 to July 2007 was performed. During this study period, patients who underwent open repair of CDO (group 1) were compared with patients that underwent laparoscopic repair using the U-clip technique (group 2).

Results

Twenty-nine patients underwent repair of CDO. Fourteen patients (11 atresia, 3 stenosis) were in group 1 and 15 patients (11 atresia, 4 stenosis) in group 2. A female sex bias existed in group 1 (female-male [9:5]) compared to group 2 (female-male [7:8]). There was no difference in birth weight, age at operation, chromosomal anomalies, or congenital heart disease between the groups. There were no duodenal anastomotic leaks in either group. Operative times were similar between groups (96 vs 126 minutes; P = .06). The length of postoperative hospitalization (20.1 vs 12.9 days; P = .01), time to initial feeding (11.3 vs 5.4 days; P = .002), and time to full oral intake (16.9 vs 9 days; P = .007) were all statistically shorter in group 2.

Conclusions

The laparoscopic approach to CDO repair using U-clips is safe and efficacious. In addition, patients undergoing laparoscopic repair of CDO had a shorter length of hospitalization and more rapid advancement to full feeding compared to babies undergoing the open approach. We feel that in the hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons, the preferred technique for correction of CDO will become the laparoscopic U-clip repair.