CT对肝外胆管梗阻性质的鉴别诊断

目的：探讨良恶性肝外胆管梗阻病变的CT表现及其诊断意义。方法：回顾经手术病理证实的肝外胆管梗阻病变76例(良性34例，恶性42例)。结果：肝内胆管呈枯枝状轻中度扩张，肝内外胆管不一致扩张(内轻外重)，肝外胆管远段梗阻，梗阻部胆管呈削尖状狭窄，肝外胆管壁呈弥漫环形增厚，对良性梗阻的诊断有重要意义。肝内胆管呈软藤状重度扩张，肝外胆管中段梗阻，梗阻部胆管呈伴或不伴肿块的截断型或突然狭窄型，肝外胆管壁局限不规则增厚，高度揭示恶性梗阻。结论：良恶性肝外胆管梗阻病变均有特征性CT表现，通过分析胆管形态和临床资料基本能判断梗阻的性质。     

双重血浆分子吸附系统在儿童急性肝衰竭中的应用

目的 探讨双重血浆分子吸附系统(DPMAS)用于儿童急性肝衰竭(PALF)的有效性及安全性.方法 前瞻性收集2018年3月至2020年6月在湖南省儿童医院重症医学科住院的PALF患儿的临床资料,随机分为血浆置换组(PE组)和DPMAS组,每组各18例.比较两组患儿临床指标、治疗前后实验室指标和不良反应.结果 DPMAS...     

Double sequential defibrillation for refractory ventricular fibrillation

A 54-year-old suffered from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Compressions were started within minutes and the patient was in refractory ventricular fibrillation despite multiple asynchronized shocks and maximal doses of antiarrhythmic agents. Double sequential defibrillation was attempted with successful Return Of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) after a total of 61 min of cardiac arrest. The patient was discharged home neurologically intact. Double sequential defibrillation could be a simple effective approach to patients with refractory ventricular fibrillation.     

A rare case of a strangulated Littre’s hernia with Meckel’s diverticulum duplication. Case report and literature review

IntroductionThe Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract present in approximately 1–4% of the population; the MD duplication is exceedingly rare with only a few reports of it. Here we present the firs case of a strangulated Littre’s hernia with MD duplication.Presentation of caseA 30-year-old male presented to the emergency room with clinical signs of small bowel obstruction, at physical examination, a right incarcerated inguinal hernia with erythema was found. We did a laparotomy, and two MD were found, one in the sac with ischemia, and the other 90 cm from the Bahuińs valve. A diverticulectomy of the ischemic diverticulum was done, and the other MD was left in place; the inguinal region was repaired with a Lichtenstein technique.DiscussionThe complications of the MD are 3–4 times more frequent in men, been an intestinal obstruction, hemorrhage, diverticulitis, ulceration, and perforation. A Littrés hernia is when the MD is found in the sac; this is seen in the inguinal region in 50% of the cases. The management of a Littre’s hernia is the resection of the MD; it could be done by an intestinal resection or by a diverticulectomy accordingly to the Park criteria.ConclusionAs to our knowledge, this is the first case of an incarcerated Littre’s hernia with duplication of a Meckel’s diverticulum.     

Double cystic duct,a review of literature with report of a new case

IntroductionAlthough cystic duct variation is quite common, duplication of cystic duct is an extreme rare variant. We report a case of double cystic duct with literature review. A 33-year old female presented with right upper quadrant pain of three day duration, associated with nausea and poor appetite. The patient reported previous three attacks of right upper quadrant pain within the last two years. On examination: Murphy's sign was positive and the right upper quadrant was tender. Abdominal ultrasound showed multiple gall stones. Oesophago-gastro- duodenoscopy was normal. Under general anesthesia, four port formal laparoscopy was done, double cystic duct was found. Histopathological examination showed features of chronic cholecystitis.Conclusiondouble cystic duct is a very rare variant of the cystic duct anomaly. Identification pre or intraoperatively is very important to prevent ductal injury.     

Differential scanning calorimetric study of antibiotic distamycin A binding with chromatin within isolated rat liver nuclei

Context: Natural oligopeptide antibiotic distamycin A (Dst) biosynthesized by Streptomyces distallicus is traditionally used in medical practice as an anti-inflammatory and antitumour drug.

Objective: Dst was investigated for its effect on the structural components of native chromatin directly within isolated rat liver nuclei in the presence of physiologically significant cations (magnesium or spermine and spermidine).

Materials and methods: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the Dst action at molar ratio Dst/DNA?=?0.1 and 0.15?mM Dst on the melting profile of nuclei suspension in different conditions.

Results: Results showed that the thermodynamic parameters of control nuclei in the presence of polyamines or Mg^2+?were different. The incubation of nuclei with Dst raised transition temperatures of relaxed (peak II) and topologically constrained DNA (peak III) by 6–8?°C and decreased by 2–4?°C that of core-histones (peak I). The total excess transition enthalpy (ΔH_exc) in buffer with polyamines (24.7?kJ/mol DNA nucleotides) increased by1.5 times versus control but in buffer with Mg²⁺, the value of ΔH_exc (35.8?kJ/mol DNA nucleotides) remained unchanged.

Conclusions: The association of Dst with chromatin in the nucleus weakens histone-DNA contacts and causes additional strengthening of interaction between two complementary DNA chains. Our results contribute towards validation of DSC to test drug ability to modulate chromatin structure in the physiological environment and to clarify the mechanism of these modulations.     

非变应性鼻炎与变应性鼻炎患者临床特征分析

目的 分析和比较非变应性鼻炎(non-allergic rhinitis,NAR)与变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)的临床特征以及伴随疾病.方法 以2010年1月至2011年6月期间,主诉鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏和鼻痒症状中至少有2个症状的门诊患者556例作为研究对象,根据病史、体征和变应原检测结果进行诊断,其中NAR患者206例、AR患者350例.通过调查问卷详细记录患者一般信息、鼻部症状、伴发症状和各种合并症等,采用记分法评价症状严重程度.以SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计学分析.结果 NAR患者的平均(x±s,下同)年龄(31.8±16.7)岁,高于AR患者的(26.3±14.8)岁,差异有统计学意义(t=4.01,P=0.0001);而性别构成比的差异无统计学意义(x2=0.12,P=0.73).在各种临床表现中,NAR和AR患者鼻塞症状出现率(分别为89.8％和92.0％)的差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.26,P=0.611),但AR患者的流涕、喷嚏、鼻痒、眼痒、流泪、喘息和咳嗽症状出现率均明显高于NAR患者,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).而且这些症状(咳嗽除外)在AR患者中尤为严重,其症状评分明显高于NAR患者,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).NAR和AR患者中大多数为中-重度持续性,分别占67.0％和62.9％,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.25,P =0.264).AR患者合并支气管哮喘明显多于NAR患者(分别为12.6％和2.4％),NAR患者合并高血压明显多于AR患者(分别为7.3％和1.7％),差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 NAR和AR是两类具有不同临床特征的疾病,两者的合并症也存在某些差异,故值得进一步加强对鼻炎表型的临床研究.     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的诊断

目的　探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (obstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome ,OSAHS)的临床特征及诊断 ,分析多导睡眠监测特点。方法　对病史、常规体检可疑的 49例患儿行头颅侧位摄片、纤维鼻咽镜检查及睡眠呼吸监测。结果　患儿多有明确的打鼾、憋气的病史 ,并存在扁桃体、腺样体肥大引起的上气道狭窄。多导睡眠仪 (polysomnography ,PSG)监测 41例 ,其中单纯性打鼾 1例、上气道阻力综合征 5例、OSAHS 35例 ;另 8例经AutosetⅠ监测诊断为OSAHS。结论　儿童OSAHS临床表现与成人有一定差异 ,以阻塞性低通气伴有数量不等的呼吸暂停发作、阶段性低血氧为主要特征 ,无明显睡眠结构紊乱 ,呼吸紊乱一般不伴有微觉醒发生 ,PSG是鉴别儿童睡眠相关呼吸紊乱的重要手段     

梅尼埃病的听-前庭功能诊断的Logistic回归分析

目的:采用多指标的Logistic回归分析方法探讨梅尼埃病临床特征及耳蜗与前庭功能损害的特征.方法:36例梅尼埃病患者和30例其他外周性眩晕对照组进行临床资料分析,完成纯音测听、Metz重振测试、耳蜗电图、甘油试验、ABR等听力学检查以及双温试验、摇头眼震试验、Fukuda踏步试验.对临床体征、耳蜗与前庭功能检查的各项指标进行单因素χ2 分析,然后进行多因素Logistic回归分析.结果:①波动性听力下降、四联征出现的个数、Tullio现象、耳蜗电图-SP/AP幅值比、Metz重振试验、甘油试验在梅尼埃组与非梅尼埃组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②建立了以耳蜗电图(X1)、甘油试验(X2)、症状的个数(X3)、波动性听力下降(X4)为变量的梅尼埃病Logistic回归预测方程:Logit(p)=-9.443+3.110 X1 +5.015X2 +2.506 X3 +3.963 X4.Logistic模型预报正确率为95.5%,ROC曲线下面积为0.993.结论:梅尼埃病的临床表现特征性明显,配合耳蜗-前庭功能的客观检查,可与其他外周性眩晕相鉴别,相关因素的Logistic回归预测方程可对梅尼埃病进行辅助诊断.     

鼻和口咽梅毒的临床病理特点

目的　非性病专业临床和病理医生对鼻、口咽部梅毒误诊率较高 ,探讨检测活体组织内梅毒螺旋体的方法 ,以提高鼻、口咽部梅毒检出率。方法　以 12例鼻、口咽部可疑梅毒螺旋体感染的活检黏膜为研究对象 ,用HE染色观察其病理学特点 ,用改良的Warthin Starry (W S)染色法检测病变组织及其渗出物涂片中的梅毒螺旋体。用性病研究实验室试验 (venerealdiseaseresearchlaboratory,VDRL)、快速血浆反应素试验 (rapidplasmareagincircletest,RPR)、荧光螺旋体抗体吸收试验 (fluorescenttrepnemalantibody absorptiontest,FTA ABS)、螺旋体血细胞凝集试验 (trepnemapallidumhemagglutinationtest,TPHA)加以证实。用国家颁布的驱梅方法进行治疗。结果　W S染色显示 12例切片黏膜上皮中及 6例渗出物涂片内见大量梅毒螺旋体 ,固有膜内螺旋体很少发现。血清学检查 :11例次VDRL( + + + + ) ,7例次RPR ( + ) ,1例次FTA ABS( + ) ,11例次TPHA( + )。 1例回当地治疗 ,未作血清学检查。 11例均临床治愈 ,血清学检查均转阴性。结论　用病理组织化学改良的W S染色方法 ,能直观地显示活检标本及渗出物涂片内梅毒螺旋体 ,结合临床及梅毒血清学检查 ,可以提高鼻及口咽部梅毒的检出率