优化牙支持式上颌骨前部牵引成骨术与上颌骨Le FortⅠ型前徙术治疗唇腭裂患者的效果及对其腭咽部结构的影响分析

目的 探讨优化牙支持式上颌骨前部牵引成骨术与上颌骨Le FortⅠ型前徙术治疗唇腭裂患者的效果,以及对其腭咽部结构的影响.方法 将大连市口腔医院2017年1月—2020年1月收治的63例唇腭裂伴上颌骨发育不足患者纳入研究,依据随机数字表法分为观察组31例和对照组32例.对照组实施上颌骨Le FortⅠ型前徙术治疗,观察...     

Medial approach for subtalar distraction bone block arthrodesis

Subtalar distraction bone block arthrodesis is a useful technique commonly employed in the management of calcaneal and talar fracture malunion. Traditionally it is performed via a posterolateral or extensile lateral approach, however such approaches have been associated with wound complications, particularly secondary to the added stress caused by the subtalar distraction crucial to this technique. Medial approaches to the subtalar joint have been used in other procedures but have not been reported in subtalar distraction bone block arthrodesis. A novel case and technique illustrating the medial approach for subtalar distraction bone block arthrodesis is discussed.Level of clinical evidenceLevel 4.     

定量缓释基因重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子／聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸植入片的制备及体外释药研究

目的制备基因重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子／聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸（rbFGF／PLGA）定量缓释植入片，观察其一般性质、体外释药特性和rbFGF生物活性维持情况。方法溶剂挥发法制备rbFGF／PLGA植入片，用ELISA双抗体夹心法测定植入片中rbFGF含量，进行体外释药试验，检测rbFGF释放速度和含量，并将植入片植入兔下颌牵张成骨区局部缓慢释放观察rbFGF活性。结果rbFGF／PLGA植入片表面光滑平整，质地均匀，rbFGF含量为3.613μg／片。标准曲线方程为C=1280，54A-99.21（n=7，r^2=0.9952），线性范围15.6，1000pg／ml。植入片体外第1天释放rbFGF 10.70％，第9天累积释放51％，第20天释放达到80％以上。兔下颌牵张成骨实验结果显示植入组新骨形成速度和质量均优于对照组。结论rbFGF／PLGA植入片制备工艺良好，植入片中rbFGF生物活性保存良好，具有定量缓释作用并能促进牵张成骨中新骨形成的速度和质量。     

Effect of nerve growth factor and Schwann cells on axon regeneration of distracted inferior alveolar nerve following mandibular lengthening

To study the effect of nerve growth factor(NGF) and Schwann cells on axon regeneration of theinferior alveolar nerve following mandibular lengtheningwith distraction osteogenesis.     

HEART RATE, SKIN RESISTANCE, AND REACTION TIME OF MONGOLOID AND NORMAL CHILDREN UNDER BASELINE AND DISTRACTION CONDITIONS

Reaction time, body movement, heart rate, and skin resistance of Mongoloid and “normal” control children were evaluated under baseline and distraction conditions. Relative to controls, Mongoloids demonstrated (1) slower reaction time under both conditions, (2) a reduced skin resistance response and fewer heart rate fluctuations during the baseline period, and (3) fewer skin resistance fluctuations during the distraction condition. Furthermore, skin resistance fluctuations were negatively correlated with reaction time, and heart rate fluctuations, although not significant, were in the same direction. These findings offer some support for the theoretical assertions of Lacey and Lacey (1958) that spontaneous activity is related to motor impulsivity, cortical activity, and general skeletal-motor functions. Body movement was negatively related to these measures of spontaneous activity and thus cannot be invoked as an explanation for the findings.     

Effects of N,N-dimethyltryptamine on behavioural habituation in the rat.

The processes involved in habituation and the various ways drugs might affect habituation are discussed. Exploration was measured in a holehoard and N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT, 4 mg/kg) profoundly reduced the level of exploration, precluding any conclusions about the rate of habituation with this dose. However, both 2 and 4 mg/kg doses prevented the 24-hr retention of habituation of exploration. DMT (2 and 4 mg/kg) did not reduce the initial distraction to a tone stimulus, but the rate of habituation and its 24-hr retention was impaired.     

Late-onset spinal deformities in children treated by laminectomy and radiation therapy for malignant tumours

This is a retrospective study of 76 children who had had malignant tumours treated with laminectomy or laminoplasty and/or radiation therapy affecting the spine. Spinal tumours in children are extremely rare. However, their treatment can result in progressive spinal deformity. Radiation therapy affecting the growing spine can lead to asymmetric vertebral growth, causing kyphosis and/or scoliosis. These spinal deformities pose one of the most challenging problems for the spine surgeon. The aim of this article is to describe late-onset post-laminectomy/post-radiation spinal deformities and to evaluate the results of their treatment. Seventy-six children, with a mean age of 4 years and 7 months (range, 2 months to 16 years), underwent surgical removal of malignant tumours, between 1961 and 1995. Sixty-seven of them developed post-laminectomy/post-radiation spinal deformity. Conservative treatment consisted of bracing and corrective plaster casts. In 46 cases the deformity was treated surgically. A distraction plaster cast was used as preoperative preparation in the more severe and rigid curves, with or without neurological impairment. Surgery consisted of combined anterior and posterior fusion in 39 cases and posterior fusion in seven cases. Posterior instrumentation was used in 38 cases. The mean follow-up period was 6 years and 7 months (range, 9 months to 20 years and 2 months). Nine children did not develop deformity following the primary tumour treatment. One of them underwent laminectomy with posterolateral fusion and eight had laminoplasty combined with external immobilisation. Forty-six children developed iatrogenic kyphosis and underwent surgical correction from a mean of 75° pre-correction to a mean of 32°. The mean scoliotic angle correction was 66° preoperatively to 34° postoperatively. At follow-up, the mean correction loss was 7° in the sagittal plane and 5° in the coronal plane. Preoperative distraction plaster cast treatment resulted in a correction of 39% in kyphosis and of 58% in scoliosis, and in a partial or complete recovery of neurological deficits in all but one patient. In severe and rigid curves that develop following treatment of paediatric spinal tumours, preoperative application of a distraction plaster cast can reduce deformity and facilitate surgical correction. Furthermore, in the case of pure bony compression of the spinal cord due to the apical vertebra of the deformity, treatment with the distraction plaster can result in recovery from the neurological impairment. The prevention of post-laminectomy/post-radiation spine deformities is emphasised. Rigid external immobilisation for a period of 4 months in the cervical spine and of 6 months in the thoracic spine is recommended after both laminoplasty and laminectomy with posterolateral fusion.The research was carried out at Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Paris     

Correction of severe post-traumatic deformities in the distal femur by distraction osteogenesis using Taylor Spatial Frame: a case report

A case of deformity and shortening after post-traumatic growth arrest treated using the Taylor Spatial Frame (Smith & Nephew, Tennessee, USA) is presented. This is the first report showing the application of the frame for post-traumatic deformity in the distal femur, and successful outcomes promise utilization of the frame even for correction of severe deformity in the distal femur.     

Outcomes using an internal osteotomy and distraction device for corrective osteotomy of distal radius malunions requiring correction in multiple planes

PURPOSE: Many different methods have been proposed for correction of distal radius malunions; however, precise correction of a severe malunion that requires simultaneous adjustment of displacement, angulation, and rotation in multiple planes is difficult. This prospective study measured radiographic and functional outcomes using an adjustable osteotomy, distraction, and fixation system for distal radius malunions that required correction in multiple planes. METHODS: Five consecutive patients with symptomatic distal radius malunions requiring correction in multiple planes were recruited into this study. All patients had correction of the malunion with an adjustable osteotomy, distraction, and fixation device. Radiographic parameters and objective and subjective functional outcomes were measured before surgery and at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: All radiographic measurements improved after surgery. Grip strength, pinch strength, and the Jebsen-Taylor test showed only marginal improvement. Ulnar deviation of the wrist and forearm pronation-supination improved, but the wrist extension-flexion arc did not. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire showed improvement in all domains, and significant improvement was seen in the overall, work, aesthetic, and satisfaction domains. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, however, also indicated a substantial amount of residual impairment in all domains, including activities of daily living and pain. CONCLUSIONS: Corrective osteotomy with the adjustable osteotomy, distraction, and fixation device resulted in improvement in distal radius anatomy and function. However, not all improvements were statistically significant, and anatomy and function did not returned to baseline levels. Despite residual disability, patients noted substantial improvement in subjective outcomes. This system is useful for improving anatomy and function in distal radius malunions that require correction in multiple planes, but patients should be informed that they cannot expect to regain normal anatomy or function. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.     

Effects of two anxiolytics on distraction,habituation and dishabitiuation

Rats were engaged in a baseline activity of licking and their distraction to tone stimuli measured by an interruption in licking. Habituation, distraction to a stimulus change and dishabituation (the return of distraction to the original tone) were studied. Ethanol (0.4 and 0.8 g/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (7.5 mg/kg) produced significantly faster habituation, a result that cannot be attributed to changes in the baseline response rate, or to differences in the initial distraction to the tone. All groups showed 24 hr retention to the tone when they were tested in the same state in which they were habituated. There was transfer of habituation between drugged and undrugged states for rats injected with chlordiazepoxide, but rats habituated undrugged showed no retention if tested after injections of ethanol. Chlordiazepoxide impaired the specificity with which the physical parameters were coded, whereas ethanol improved the specificity of coding. Neither drug affected dishabituation.