下颌骨牵引成骨与直接延长术的组织学比较

目的：通过对下颌骨牵引成骨与直接延长术组织学变化的对比研究分析，探讨牵引成骨的成骨机制。方法：24只狗随机分为牵引成骨组和直接延长组各12只，用HE染色光镜组织学检查方法分别观察牵引第6天、牵引后固定2、8周不同时期的两组组织学变化。结果：牵引组在牵引后固定第8周，牵引区几乎完全由新生的骨组织连接修复，成骨方式是以膜内成骨为主，伴有少量的软骨内成骨；而直接延长组仅早期在两骨断端附近可见活跃的膜内成骨，两周以后则以软骨内成骨为丰，中间区域仍为大量的纤维结缔组织，8周以后成骨量增加．但中央仍为软骨组织和纤维组织间隔。结论：牵引成骨以膜内成骨为主，达到良好的骨愈合，直接延长成骨效果不稳定，容易导致成骨不良。     

Adjustable selective maxillary expansion combined with one-stage maxillomandibular surgery: A prospective study of osseous widening in fifty-five consecutive patients

Objective

SARME is often considered to be the only available treatment for significant or severe maxillary transverse palatal deficiencies (MTD) in skeletally-mature patients. Despite this observation, the aim of our study was to assess a new type of maxilla distraction osteogenesis. Using two innovative tools, we performed selective expansion: the site to be widened and the amount of increase were both pre-selected. Patients were treated in a single maxillomandibular procedure. Our study focuses primarily on the extent of osseous widening.

Treatment of severe maxillary hypoplasia with oligodontia and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate by maxillary anterior segmental distraction osteogenesis

Effective maxillary advance treatment is difficult to achieve without impairing velopharyngeal function in patients with severe maxillary deficiency. We describe successful orthodontic treatment using maxillary anterior segmental distraction osteogenesis (MASDO) in a patient with cleft lip and palate. A 20-year-old woman with bilateral cleft lip and palate, multiple congenitally missing teeth, reduced maxilla, concave soft-tissue profile, and skeletal Class III jaw relationship was treated with a combination of orthodontic treatment and MASDO. After treatment, the anterior maxilla was displaced forward with new bone formation induced in the distraction gap for insertion of dental implants. Maxillary hypoplasia was successfully treated while preserving the velopharyngeal function with MASDO. We suggest that MASDO is useful for patients with severe maxillary hypoplasia.     

跨腕关节支撑钢板与外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床研究

目的比较跨腕关节支撑钢板与外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法对自2007年7月~2010年6月收治的57例闭合性桡骨远端粉碎骨折(AO C2、C3型)采用跨腕关节钢板和外固定架进行治疗。结果术后12个月随访,两组桡骨茎突长度无统计学差异(P>0.05),关节面台阶有统计学差异(P<0.05)。术后6、12个月随访时,两组间旋前、旋后、掌屈、背伸活动范围比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。根据Jakim评分标准,两组优良率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。外固定架组并发症发生率显著高于钢板组(P<0.05)。结论①跨腕关节钢板和外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎骨折,骨折复位情况和临床治疗效果相当;②跨腕关节钢板固定手术创伤较大,但稳定性好,并发症较少;③跨腕关节钢板和外固定架结合克氏针固定后,可减少术后碎骨块再移位的可能性;④跨腕关节钢板固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折,骨折复位好,能保持骨折部的撑开以维持桡骨长度,防止短缩,可以取得较好的疗效。     

改良骨牵张结合非主干血管带蒂皮瓣移植治疗感染性胫骨缺损

目的探讨带蒂非主干血管皮瓣移植结合环形外固定支架改良截骨牵张对外伤导致的胫骨感染性骨缺损合并皮肤缺损临床治疗效果。方法创面彻底清创,切取带蒂非主干血管皮瓣转移修复软组织缺损,应用环形外固定支架加压固定胫骨缺损端,在胫骨近端横行截骨,术后第7天开始延长,每天延长1mm,分2次完成,直至恢复胫骨正常长度。结果2005年09月—2009年12月,治疗的22例患者均手术顺利,骨感染得到有效控制,术后随访6个月至3年,创面一期修复,骨愈合良好,感染未再复发。患肢经延长后恢复到正常长度,2例患者因跟腱挛缩轻度足下垂。结论改良胫骨截骨骨延长结合非主干血管带蒂皮瓣移植治疗外伤导致的骨感染性缺损合并皮肤缺损效果良好。     

Virtual reality for acute pain reduction in adolescents undergoing burn wound care: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Background

Effective pain management remains a challenge for adolescents during conscious burn wound care procedures. Virtual reality (VR) shows promise as a non-pharmacological adjunct in reducing pain.

Aims

This study assessed off-the-shelf VR for (1) its effect on reducing acute pain intensity during adolescent burn wound care, and (2) its clinical utility in a busy hospital setting.

Methods

Forty-one adolescents (11–17 years) participated in this prospective randomized controlled trial. Acute pain outcomes including adolescent self-report, nursing staff behavioral observation, caregiver observation and physiological measures were collected. Length of procedure times and adolescent reactions were also recorded to inform clinical utility.

Results

Nursing staff reported a statistically significant reduction in pain scores during dressing removal, and significantly less rescue doses of Entonox given to those receiving VR, compared to those receiving standard distraction. For all other pain outcomes and length of treatment, there was a trend for lower pain scores and treatment times for those receiving VR, but these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Despite only minimal pain reduction achieved using off-the-shelf VR, other results from this trial and previous research on younger children with burns suggest a customized, adolescent and hospital friendly device may be more effective in pain reduction.     

The Effect of Music-Moving Toys to Reduce Fear and Anxiety in Preschool Children Undergoing Intravenous Insertion in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial

IntroductionIntravenous catheter insertion is a highly invasive medical procedure that causes fear and anxiety in children. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a toy (with music and movement) distraction method on fear and anxiety in children aged 4 to 6 years.MethodsThis experimental, randomized clinical trial used parallel trial design guided by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist. Using simple randomization, eligible children (age 4-6; N = 60) were assigned to the intervention group (n = 30), who received the toy distraction method, or to the control group (n = 30), who received standard care. The Children’s Fear Scale was used to evaluate the fear levels, and Children’s State Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate anxiety levels. Physiological parameters (pulse, oxygen saturation) and crying time were monitored by the researcher as indicators of fear and anxiety. The chi-square test, repeated measures analysis of variance, Friedman test, t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, and the intraclass correlation test were used for data analysis.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in terms of fear and anxiety scores, physiological parameters, and crying time during the procedure between the children in the intervention and control group.DiscussionWe found that this method of toy distraction was not effective in reducing fear or anxiety during the intravenous catheter insertion procedure. Accordingly, we recommend that this distraction method be performed in different age groups and with larger samples in various painful and stressful practices in the future and that comparison be made with various distraction methods.     

肝细胞生长因子mRNA在牵张成骨过程中的表达

目的 探讨肝细胞生长因子(HGF)mRNA在兔下颌骨牵张成骨(DO)过程中的表达。方法 选取新西兰大白兔40只分为牵张组与骨折对照组,每组20只,牵张组行两侧下颌骨切开术,经7?d间歇期后以0.5mm/12h的速度牵张,7d后固定,骨折对照组不牵张,分别于术后第1、2、3、5、7周末各处死4只动物。采用HE染色和原位杂交进行组织学分析并检测HGF的表达。结果 HGFmRNA在术后1周开始出现少量表达,位于牵张间隙内炎性细胞的细胞浆,术后3周时阳性表达强度达到峰值,牵张组与骨折对照组之间阳性表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后5周时基本检测不到目的基因的阳性表达,牵张组与骨折对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 DO过程中HGFmRNA在机体内出现阳性表达,且牵张力可促进该因子的阳性表达强度。     

牵引成骨术治疗儿童单侧颞下颌关节强直伴OSAHS 4例报道

目的:评价牵引成骨术治疗儿童单侧颞下颌关节强直伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的治疗效果。方法:4例儿童单侧颞下颌关节强直伴发OSAHS患者,男女各2例,年龄5～13岁(中位年龄6.5岁)。均采用颞下颌关节成形术以恢复开口功能,下颌体牵引成骨术治疗OSAHS;其中3例行同期手术,1例行分期手术;单侧和双侧下颌体牵引各2例。固定期约3个月时行呼吸监护仪监测(PSG)复查和牵引器拆除术。结果:4例患儿OSAHS症状均消失,平均AHI由术前的42.7降到4.9,平均最低血氧饱和度由术前的74.3%上升到89.8%;平均开口度由6.5mm增加至25.5mm;面部畸形得到满意矫正。经过平均38.1个月(13～58个月)的随访,无1例复发。结论:下颌骨牵引成骨术联合颞下颌关节成形术能够有效地治疗儿童单侧颞下颌关节强直及其伴发的OSAHS、面部不对称畸形,并且可以同期手术。