DR图像质量控制方法探讨

目的对DR非甲级片进行技术分析,探讨DR图像质控的方法。方法根据日常工作评片统计对400张非甲级片进行原因分析,对各种机器型号产生图像的原理,图像的质量,以及技术方法进行研究总结,工作流程中每一个细节均可能对图像质量造成影响。结果影响DR图像质量的因素包括：（1）摄片技术参数：摄影条件选择得当是图像质量的保证。（2）X线机器工作性能：技术员要熟悉各种型号机器的性能,最大程度发挥机器的效能。（3）量子噪声：曝光时要兼顾噪声和曝光剂量。（4）图像后处理技术：操作技师对要显示的内容和感兴趣区有价值的部分做适当的后处理,调节适宜的窗宽、窗位,有利于观察病变,它是控制图像质量的关键。（5）激光相机：使用前进行调试和校正,正确掌握打印机的各种指标和性能,而且平时注意维护。结论影响DR图像质量因素大多是人为的。严格按照x线摄影技术的要求进行DR的摄影可获得优质片。     

闭合性指动脉损伤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨闭合性指动脉损伤采用血管移植修复的可行性。方法通过对2003年6月至2008年5月28例闭合性指动脉损伤病例采用血管移植修复受损的指动脉,总结闭合性指动脉损伤的诊断与治疗。结果本组28例手术后成活27例,成活率96．4％。平均随访12个月,采用国际手外科联合会Nako—mura tamal评价标准,优18例,良8例,中1例,失败1例,优良率为92．8％。结论确诊为闭合性指动脉损伤者,应积极治疗,尽早手术探查,采用血管移植修复损伤的指动脉。对损伤段血管的判断、术中血管移植,以及术后护理十分重要。     

The use of the Statscan digital X-ray unit in paediatric polytrauma

We present a 3-year review of clinical paediatric experience with the Statscan (Lodox Systems, Johannesburg, South Africa), a low-dose, digital, whole-body, slit-scanning X-ray machine. While focusing on the role of the unit in paediatric polytrauma, insight into its applications in other paediatric settings is provided.     

磁共振成像QA的自动实现方法

目的 提供一种磁共振成像质量保证(QA)日常检测的自动实现方法.方法 利用DICOM协议实现对QA参数计算的流程控制,由程序根据设定自动选择ROI区域并进行QA参数的计算和存储.结果 计算所得信噪比和漂移等QA参数能避免手动选择ROI等人为因素的影响,可较准确地反映设备状态.结论 此法简化了磁共振设备QA工作的操作流程,有利于历史数据的保存与回顾分析.     

Development of a new tool to correlate stroke outcome with infarct topography: A proof-of-concept study

Improving the ability to assess potential stroke deficit may aid the selection of patients most likely to benefit from acute stroke therapies. Methods based only on ‘at risk’ volumes or initial neurological condition do predict eventual outcome, but not perfectly. Given the close relationship between anatomy and function in the brain, we performed a proof-of-concept study to examine how well stroke outcome correlated with infarct location and extent. A prospective study of 60 patients with ischemic stroke (38 in the training set and 22 in the validation set), using an implementation of partial least squares with penalized logistic regression (PLS-PLR), was performed. The method yielded a model relating location of infarction (on a voxel-by-voxel basis) and neurological deficits. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) method was used to assess the accuracy of the method for predicting outcome. In the validation phase, this model indicated the presence of neglect (AUC 0.89), aphasia (AUC 0.79), right-arm motor deficit (0.94), and right-leg motor deficit (AUC 0.94) but less accurately indicated left-arm motor deficit (0.52) and left-leg motor deficit (0.69). The model indicated no to mild disability (Rankin ≤ 2) versus moderate to severe disability (Rankin > 2) with AUC 0.78. In this proof-of-concept study, we have demonstrated that stroke outcome correlates well with infarct location raising the possibility of accurate prediction of neurological deficit in the individual stroke patient using only information on infarct location and multivariate regression methods.     

缩短全脑血管造影术患者术前禁食水时间的研究

目的 探讨缩短全脑血管造影术患者术前禁食禁水时间的可行性及安全性.方法 将110例全脑血管造影术患者按人院顺序分成观察组54例和对照组56例.对照组手术前晚正常进食,手术当天早晨开始禁食水.观察组手术前晚正常进食,手术当日早晨仍可进食半流质饮食,进食量为平日的70%.2组术后进食水的时间相同.比较2组术前口渴、饥饿、低血糖、腹部不适的发生情况,及术中误吸、术后恶心呕吐的发生情况.结果 观察组术前口渴、饥饿、低血糖、腹部不适的发生率显著低于对照组,术中误吸、术后恶心呕吐等情况2组比较无显著差异.结论 对于择期行全脑血管造影术的患者,术前2 h仍可进半流饮食,可减少低血糖、消化性溃疡的发生.     

个人数字助理在糖尿病患者自我管理中的应用进展

<正>糖尿病已成为全球性重要的公共卫生问题,据世界卫生组织统计[1],全世界2.2亿多人患有糖尿病,其中2型糖尿病占世界糖尿病患者的90%,如果不进行干预,这一数字在2030年可能会增加1倍以     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗严重肾创伤

目的：探讨超选择肾动脉栓塞术治疗严重外伤性肾损伤的临床价值。方法：12例经动脉造影证实的严重肾外伤出血患者,全部采用明胶海绵及金属圈行超选择性肾动脉栓塞术。结果：11例术后第1天内肉眼血尿完全消失,1例术后第2天肉眼血尿消失。12例1个月后静脉尿路造影显示患肾功能存在,1例部分肾盏显影不满意。结论：超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗严重性肾创伤疗效肯定,并发症少,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Frequency of Arteriovenous Shunts in Hepatic Cavernous Hemangiomas in Adults as Seen on Selective Arteriography and Postembolization Radiography

Purpose: To study the frequency and angiographic findings of arteriovenous shunts (AVS) associated with adult cavernous hemangiomas of the liver (CHL) on hepatic artery digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and optimize the imaging technique of DSA to improve its diagnostic efficacy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 43 intraarterial DSA procedures performed on 30 adults with CHL. Of the 30 patients 22 were found to have an AVS. Transcatheter arterial embolization with Lipiodol (L-TAE) was performed on 21 of these and radiographs were taken immediately after embolization to observe the distribution of the injected iodized oil. The results were compared with those of the AVS found on DSA images. Results: AVS were identified by DSA in 22 (73.3%) of 30 patients. All AVS were located in the peritumoral liver tissue and had a parallel track appearance, or early filling of small draining veins during the arterial phase of DSA. Radiographs taken immediately after L-TAE in 21 of the 22 cases with AVS showed iodized oil filling a few portal branches or draining veins as a result of incompletely occluded shunts in 11 patients. In 10 patients there was complete occlusion and no filling of any vein, or only the originating end of draining veins filled with iodized oil. No evidence of AVS was found in the other eight patients in this series, and in six of these the DSA was not considered diagnostic. Conclusion: The present study indicates that AVS are frequently seen in adults with CHL. DSA with high-quality images is helpful in identifying small AVS of CHL. The formation of an AVS in CHL may be closely related to the pathological changes in the peritumoral liver tissue.     

经颅多普勒超声对锁骨下动脉盗血综合征的诊疗价值

目的通过分析锁骨下动脉盗血综合征（SSS）的经颅多普勒超声（TCD）检测结果及介入治疗前后的椎-基底动脉系统血流动力学改变,评价TCD在SSS中的应用价值。方法回顾性总结经TCD诊断的94例锁骨下动脉盗血综合征患者,均经彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）验证,且11例进一步经DSA检查证实。对15例患者分别于6～18个月内进行TCD随访。结果①94例患者中有症状者65例（表现为椎基底动脉供血不足58例,同侧患肢缺血症状6例,胸前区疼痛1例）,无症状者29例;②Ip-VAⅠ度盗血占45%,Ⅱ度盗血占35%,Ⅲ度盗血占20%。基底动脉（BA）参与盗血6例,大脑后动脉参与盗血2例。5例SSS患者颅内椎动脉Ⅱ度盗血,而颅外椎动脉Ⅲ度盗血;③94例患者中有15例患者分别于6～18内个月进行了随诊,有1例患者盗血程度加重,1例患者出现新的盗血途径。11例行DSA检查的患者中,只有4例经TCD检查示椎动脉Ⅲ度盗血的患者,在DSA中能观察到血流从对侧椎动脉反向流入狭窄侧椎动脉最后到狭窄侧远端锁骨下动脉的全过程。而其余7例TCD检查示椎动脉Ⅰ、Ⅱ度盗血的患者,DSA仅能看到部分血流逆转过程或仅表现为患侧椎动脉显影稍淡或正常。4例患者行血管内支架术治疗,在第18个月随访时,4例均无临床症状复发,2例TCD表现复发。结论①TCD是观察SSS现象及盗血程度的敏感可靠的方法,且能判断颅内基底动脉、大脑后动脉受影响的情况,能使更多的SSS患者及时得到正确诊断。②TCD经济,方便,无创,准确,可用于评价动脉内支架置入术的治疗效果及长期随诊。