阳江高本底地区居民健康流行病学调查数据库与统计分析方法

目的 研究应用计算机数据库技术及先进统计分析方法,对阳江高本底地区10多万人20余年的健康随访研究资料和剂量学调查资料进行储存、管理和分析。方法 通过调研和比较分析,确定采用Foxbase系列数据库管理系统按专题建立数据库,借助于ID号实现记录连接；一般统计分析由SAS完成；交叉分组人年列表由Epicure中的Datab完成；癌症相对危险分析用AMFIT程序。结果 建立了40MB的各专题研究库,主要包括：10余万人的人口学数据库(1979～1995)、1.2万人的死因数据库(1979～1995)和526个村庄6783户、5273人的剂量数据库。提出了动态群组研究资料(1979～1986)与固定群组研究资料(1987～1995)的合并方法：首选方法是建立假想的基于记录连接的以1979年为起点的(固定)群组。另一方法是将不同阶段群组研究的人年表分层直接相加。计算了每个成员基于卧室内、起居室内、室外村平均剂量率与性别-年龄别居留因子的累积剂量。完成了以性别、atainedage、随访年代及剂量交叉分组的人年列表,对癌症死亡资料(1979～1990)进行了危险分析。结论 应用计算机数据库管理系统与统计分析技术使阳江高本底地区研     

Non-Cartesian data reconstruction using GRAPPA operator gridding (GROG).

A novel approach that uses the concepts of parallel imaging to grid data sampled along a non-Cartesian trajectory using GRAPPA operator gridding (GROG) is described. GROG shifts any acquired data point to its nearest Cartesian location, thereby converting non-Cartesian to Cartesian data. Unlike other parallel imaging methods, GROG synthesizes the net weight for a shift in any direction from a single basis set of weights along the logical k-space directions. Given the vastly reduced size of the basis set, GROG calibration and reconstruction requires fewer operations and less calibration data than other parallel imaging methods for gridding. Instead of calculating and applying a density compensation function (DCF), GROG requires only local averaging, as the reconstructed points fall upon the Cartesian grid. Simulations are performed to demonstrate that the root mean square error (RMSE) values of images gridded with GROG are similar to those for images gridded using the gold-standard convolution gridding. Finally, GROG is compared to the convolution gridding technique using data sampled along radial, spiral, rosette, and BLADE (a.k.a. periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction [PROPELLER]) trajectories.     

多层面CT重建诊断中央大气道良性病变

目的 :分析多层面CT三维重建诊断中央大气道良性病变的价值。材料和方法 :用多层面CT对 3 5例中央气道良性病变 (解剖性异常 5例 ,炎症性病变 18例及其它 12例 )扫描 ,并全部完成三维表面遮盖显示、容积显示和仿真内窥镜检查。所有病例第一次读片时仅有横断面图像 ,第二次读片时增加重建图像。结果 :三维重建帮助 4例横断面漏误诊的解剖性异常获得确诊 ,16例炎症性病变进一步详细显示 ,2例气管支气管裂伤明确范围和程度 ;虚拟内窥镜帮助 5例横断面上不能确诊的痰液获得确诊。结论 :CT三维重建可用于解剖性异常和痰液的诊断 ,对其它良性疾病主要是对病变的另一种形式的进一步显示。     

Canal wall reconstruction and mastoid obliteration with composite multi-fractured osteoperiosteal flap

We used inferior pedicled composite multi-fractured osteoperiosteal flap (CMOF), our original and new surgical approach, to obliterate the mastoid cavity and reconstruct the external auditory canal (EAC) to prevent the open cavity problems. CMOF was used to obliterate the mastoid cavity and reconstruct the EAC in 24 patients (13 women, 11 men; age span 12–51 years) who underwent radical mastoidectomy to treat the chronic otitis media between 1998 and 2004. Small meatoplasty was done in all 24 patients to relive their aesthetical concerns. Temporal bone CT scanning was done to observe the neo-osteogenesis in the mastoidectomy cavity and the CMOF, and the EAC volume was measured postoperatively. All our patients were followed-up for 2 years. The epithelization of the new EAC in our patients was complete at the end of the second month. Cholesteatoma, granulation, and recurrence of osteitis did not occur in any of the patients. We saw the new bone formation filling the mastoid cavity in the postoperative temporal bone CT scanning images. The mean volume of the new EAC on the 24th month was 1.83 ± 0.56 cm³. We had an almost natural EAC, which owed its existence to the neo-osteogenesis that grows behind the CMOF, which we use to obliterate the mastoid cavity and to reconstruct the EAC.This technique, composite multi-fractured osteoperiosteal flap, was presented in the symposium of Gulhane Military Medical Academy on otology and audiology, 15–18 September, 2005, Antalya, Turkey.     

Epidemiology of gastro-intestinal and respiratory tract diseases in rural areas of Varanasi (India)

The pattern of gastro-intestinal (GIT) and Respiratory tract (RTI) diseases in rural areas of the Varanasi district, U.P. (India) was studied from the outpatient (OPD) attendance between July 1985 to June 1986. Out of a total of new patients, 19.71% had respiratory diseases in contrast to 27.9% with GIT disease. A decreasing trend was observed in attendance rates as age advanced. The difference in age distribution of males and females was statistically significant. The attendance rates for GIT diseases were higher in female (29.16%) than in males (25.16%) whereas in RTI, the rates were higher in males (19.39%) than in females (18.77%). The attendance rate was found to be higher in rainy season (23.59%) followed by summer (14.50%). Diarrhoea (15.44%) and upper (URTI) respiratory tract infection (19.93%) occupied the major recorded episodes.     

Is it time to reconsider initial antibiotic treatment strategies for severe urinary tract infections in Europe?

Until recently, most reported cases of bacteraemia caused by multidrug-resistant strains of Enterobacteriacae producing an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in Europe have been nosocomial in origin. However, increasing numbers of reports of community-acquired bacteraemia and urinary tract infection caused by ESBL-producing microorganisms suggest that the geographical origin of patients should be taken into account as a risk-factor for possible ESBL production. Early identification of patients at high-risk of infection with ESBL-producing microorganisms, based on their geographical origin and travel history, should help to optimise initial antibiotic treatment strategies for severe urinary tract infections in Europe.     

The effect of naloxone on the preoperative gastric volume and pH

The effect of 4 mg oral naloxone on preoperative gastric volume and pH of gastric aspirate was studied in a double-blind, randomized study. Twenty patients received 10 ml of naloxone (4 mg) mixed with 10 ml of orange juice, and 20 patients received 10 ml of isotonic saline mixed with 10 ml of orange juice, 2 h before surgery. Gastric content was obtained immediately after intubation of the trachea. No significant difference in gastric volume and pH of gastric aspirate was found between the two groups. It is concluded that naloxone does not affect gastric emptying and gastric acid secretion to a degree great enough to protect against aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs.     

血清TPS浓度在消化道肿瘤中价值的研究

共选择３０例消化道肿瘤病人，其中食管癌，胃癌，大肠癌各１０例，设健康献血者３０例，对两组血清特异型组织多肽抗原浓度进行了检测，结果肿瘤组血清ＴＰＳ浓度明显高于健康人。消化道肿瘤阳性检出经达７０％，其中食管癌８０％，胃癌６０％，大肠癌７０％。消化道肿瘤合并淋巴转移阳性检出率达７６．９％，其中食管癌１００％，胃癌６６．７％，大肠癌７０．０％。随着病程发展，血清ＴＰＳ浓度呈现升高趋势。