CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF STUBBORN HICCUP BY ACUPUNCTURE WITH DIFFERENT NEEDLE RETAINING TIME

Hiccupmayinfluence patients’dailylifeandworktodifferentdegrees.Thelightcasecanrecoverspontaneously ,buttheseriousonere sultingfromvariousacuteandchronicdiseasesmaykeepfordays,months,even years,nomatterdayornight,attackingintermittently .Acupuncturecantreatsuchsymptomeffectively ,butitisstilleasytoreoccurparticularlyinpa tientswithweakconstitution .Weacquiredsatis fiedtherapeuticresultthrough prolongingnee dle retainingin 45casesofstubbornhiccuppa tients.Followingisthereport.1　CLINICALDA…     

Investigation of bone changes in microgravity during long and short duration space flight: comparison of techniques

BACKGROUND: Loss of bone mass is a continuing problem in long-term space flight. Although counter-measure programmes have been developed, effective assessment of these programmes is hampered by a lack of monitoring techniques that can be used in-flight. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three techniques were used to evaluate changes in bone during two missions of 180 and 20 days to the MIR space station, involving three subjects. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used before and after flight to measure whole body and regional bone mineral density (BMD). Ultrasonic measurements of velocity (SOS) and broadband attenuation (BUA) of the calcaneus were measured during the 180 day mission and before and after the 20 day mission. Phase velocity of flexural waves in the tibia was also measured on the same days as the ultrasonic measurements of the calcaneus. RESULTS: DXA measurements demonstrated significant variation between different sites in the body for changes in BMD, with the greatest changes occurring in the lumbar spine and proximal femur. There was a trend for increasing phase velocity in the tibia during the 180 mission, but this was not significant. BUA and SOS measurements of the calcaneus showed consistent but divergent patterns of changes during the mission. CONCLUSION: Although in-flight measurements of bone using ultrasound or phase velocity may provide information on the kinetics of bone loss in space flight, the heterogeneity of response in the skeleton means that it is difficult to predict overall bone loss from measurements at one particular site.     

The structure and response properties of Golgi tendon organs in control and hypodynamia-hypokinesia rats

The Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) are encapsulated mechano-receptors that, in normal conditions, monitor via Ib afferent fibers the contractile force. A 14-day period of hypodynamia, absence of weight bearing and hypokinesia, and reduction of motor activity (HH) is known to induce changes in postural muscles such as the soleus. At present, there is no data available regarding the Ib afferent feedback in normal rats (CONT group) and in rats after a hypodynamia-hypokinesia (HH group) period. Consequently, the aim of our study was to determine the HH effects on the morphological (histochemistry on gross morphology) and electrophysiological properties of the GTOs in rat soleus muscle. In the histological study, nine CONT and nineteen HH GTOs of the soleus muscle were identified. The results demonstrated that HH GTOs were morphologically similar to the CONT GTOs. Regarding the electrophysiological study, a L2-L6 laminectomy was performed under deep anesthesia (sodium pentobarbital, 60 mg kg(-1)). Responses in single Ib fibers from the L5 dorsal root to the isometric twitch and tetanic fused contractions of "in-series" motor units (MUs) were recorded. Twenty-three and twenty-eight GTO/MU pairs were studied in the CONT and HH groups, respectively. In the HH group, the Ib afferent response exhibited a decrease in dynamic peak for the high stimulation frequencies and an increase in static sensitivity for all stimulation frequencies. Our results suggest that after an HH period, the GTOs continue to fulfil their mechano-sensory function to signal the contractile force but with a higher static sensitivity.     

Neuromuscular adaptations to spaceflight are specific to postural muscles

The effects of microgravity were determined in muscles of differing function and myofiber-type composition. Rats were assigned either to a 10-day spaceflight mission or to ground-based control conditions. Following the experimental period, hindlimb muscles were obtained from both groups. Cytofluorescent techniques were used to examine neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) from both slow- and fast-twitch fibers. Histochemical procedures were employed to assess myofiber profiles (size and type). Results indicate that microgravity did not alter NMJ structure or myofiber profile in the tibialis anterior, a predominantly fast-twitch, nonpostural muscle. Similarly, the NMJs and myofibers of deep regions of the gastrocnemius, a locomotor muscle possessing a mixed fiber population, were unaffected by spaceflight. In contrast, both myofibers and NMJs of the soleus-a postural muscle-demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) plasticity following exposure to spaceflight. Moreover, NMJs of both fast- and slow-twitch myofibers displayed similar remodeling in that muscle. Our findings suggest that the deleterious effects of microgravity are most apparent among postural muscles, and are manifested both in myofibers and their synapses.     

Functional alterations of mesenteric vascular bed, vas deferens and intestinal tracts in a rat hindlimb unloading model of microgravity

1. Prolonged bed rest or exposure to microgravity may cause several alterations in autonomic nervous system response (ANSR). 2. Hindlimb unloading (HU) rats were used as an animal model of simulated microgravity to investigate ANSR changes. The experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity on the autonomic nervous response of the perfused mesenteric vascular bed (MVB), vas deferens and the colon and duodenum from 2-week HU rats. 3. In MVB preparations of HU rats, the frequency-dependent increases in perfusion pressure with perivascular nerve stimulation (PNS; 8-40 Hz) were inhibited, whereas the noradrenaline (NA) concentration-dependent (1-100 microM) perfusion pressure increases were potentiated. The latter most probably reflected up-regulation of alpha-adrenergic receptor function. Relaxant responses of NA-precontracted MVB to PNS (4-30 Hz) or isoprenaline were not different between control and HU preparations, while vasodilation induced by the endothelial agonist ACh was reduced. 4. Transmural stimulation (2-40 Hz) induced frequency-dependent twitches of the vas deferens which were reduced in vas deferens of HU rats, while the sensitivity to NA-induced contraction was significantly increased. 5. In the gastroenteric system of HU rat, direct contractile responses to carbachol or tachykinin as well as relaxant or contractile responses to nervous stimulation appeared unchanged both in the proximal colon rings and in duodenal longitudinal strips. 6. In conclusion, HU treatment affects peripheral tissues in which the main contractile mediators are the adrenergic ones such as resistance vessels and vas deferens, probably by reducing the release of neuromediator. This study validates NA signalling impairment as a widespread process in microgravity, which may most dramatically result in the clinical phenotype of orthostatic intolerance.     

Twenty minutes versus forty-five minutes morning bright light treatment on sleep onset insomnia in elderly subjects

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 20 min versus 45 min light exposure for relieving psychophysiological insomnia in the elderly. METHODS: Prospective recruitment of subjects 60 years and older with psychophysiological insomnia. Random distribution to 20 or 45 min of daily exposure to 10,000 lux for 60 days. Sleep latency, total sleep time, fatigue and activity were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months posttreatment. Blind analysis of data and comparison were performed using repeated-measure analysis of variance, independent samples t test and Wilcoxon rank signed test. RESULTS: At 3 months, improvement was significantly higher in the 45-min versus 20-min condition. At 6 months, variables returned toward baseline in the 20-min but not in the 45-min condition. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty minutes of bright light treatment leads to a lesser treatment response than 45 min at 3-month follow-up and to a return toward baseline at 6-month follow-up that was not seen with a 45-min exposure.     

Changes in bone turnover markers during 14-day 6° head-down bed rest

Osteoporosis caused by exposure to microgravity represents a serious clinical concern, but the mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. The present research aimed to elucidate the effects of microgravity environments on bone turnover, with a specific focus on changes in bone resorption markers such as type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTx) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr), for which scant data are available regarding detailed time course. Methods using 6° head-down bed rest were utilized to simulate a microgravity environment. Eleven adult male volunteers underwent 6° head-down bed rest for 14 days; measurements were made of serum and urine Ca concentrations, in addition to osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP), NTx, and Dpyr as bone turnover markers. By the end of bed rest, concentrations of bone ALP had significantly increased, but OC displayed a tendency toward decrease. Concentrations of Dpyr significantly increased from day 6, remaining elevated until the end of bed rest. Concentrations of NTx significantly increased on day 13 and at the end of bed rest. Serum and urinary concentrations of Ca increased significantly at the end of bed rest. Bone ALP represents a relatively early marker of osteoblast differentiation at the matrix maturation phase and OC is a late marker in osteoblast differentiation at the calcification phase. The present results therefore suggest an absolute increase in bone resorption and normal or reduced bone formation, together causing prominent uncoupling and rapid bone loss after simulated microgravity. Moreover, the present results suggest that bone resorption is enhanced at an early stage of exposure to microgravity environments.     

不同光波捕蚊器对成蚊诱捕效果观察

目的筛选对成蚊诱引力强的光波灯管。方法选择城区绿地、农村牲畜棚分别放置装有不同光波灯管的捕蚊器,在日落后20 min开灯,诱捕2 h后关灯,将捕获的成蚊分出雌雄、分类计数,每次试验轮换各灯的布放位置,城区试验6次,农村3次,最后进行统计分析。结果在城区254和365 nm光波灯管诱捕成蚊总数量分别为262和78只;254和420 nm分别为277和113只;365和420 nm分别为236和94只;在农村254、365和420 nm光波灯管诱捕成蚊总数量分别为5591、15和126只。结论254 nm光波灯管诱捕成蚊不论在数量还是在诱蚊种属上均优于其他2种光波灯管。     

济菊不同部位挥发油研究

对济菊的不同部位挥发油进行了含量测定和薄层比较。结果表明,济菊花挥发油含量高于叶和茎,但禹城的菊花叶含量略高于花。济菊不同部位挥发油的薄层斑点基本相同     

改良纤维蛋白胶软骨膜块在模拟微重力培养下修复关节软骨缺损

目的观察在模拟微重力条件下改良纤维蛋白胶支架软骨膜块修复关节软骨缺损的影响。方法将兔软骨细胞种植到经抑肽酶和氨甲环酸改良的纤维蛋白胶支架材料上,然后分别在旋转培养仪和培养板中培养,体外培养2周。然后将培养出的软骨膜块植入于动物关节软骨缺损模型中,并设立对照组定期进行大体、组织形态学观察、生化指标检测及组织工程学评分。结果①采用改良支架的复合物经体外培养2周,基本保持了原有塑形;②修复关节软骨效果由好至差的顺序为旋转培养组、普通培养组、单纯改良支架组、空白对照组。组织工程学评分通过统计学处理各组之间存在显著性差异(P=0.01)。结论①经过改良的纤维蛋白胶支架,其降解速率与软骨组织基质形成同步,能长时间支持体内、外软骨组织的形成,并适合旋转培养,是软骨组织工程中适宜的支架;②旋转培养仪提供的模拟微重力环境,可以提高工程化软骨的质量,为实现关节软骨损伤的修复提供有效途径。